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leafmap module

Main module.

ImageOverlay (ImageOverlay)

ImageOverlay class.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

http URL or local file path to the image.

required
bounds tuple

bounding box of the image in the format of (lower_left(lat, lon), upper_right(lat, lon)), such as ((13, -130), (32, -100)).

required
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
class ImageOverlay(ipyleaflet.ImageOverlay):
    """ImageOverlay class.

    Args:
        url (str): http URL or local file path to the image.
        bounds (tuple): bounding box of the image in the format of (lower_left(lat, lon), upper_right(lat, lon)), such as ((13, -130), (32, -100)).
    """

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        from base64 import b64encode
        from PIL import Image, ImageSequence
        from io import BytesIO

        try:
            url = kwargs.get("url")
            if not url.startswith("http"):
                url = os.path.abspath(url)
                if not os.path.exists(url):
                    raise FileNotFoundError("The provided file does not exist.")

                ext = os.path.splitext(url)[1][1:]  # file extension
                image = Image.open(url)

                f = BytesIO()
                if ext.lower() == "gif":
                    frames = []
                    # Loop over each frame in the animated image
                    for frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(image):
                        frame = frame.convert("RGBA")
                        b = BytesIO()
                        frame.save(b, format="gif")
                        frame = Image.open(b)
                        frames.append(frame)
                    frames[0].save(
                        f,
                        format="GIF",
                        save_all=True,
                        append_images=frames[1:],
                        loop=0,
                    )
                else:
                    image.save(f, ext)

                data = b64encode(f.getvalue())
                data = data.decode("ascii")
                url = "data:image/{};base64,".format(ext) + data
                kwargs["url"] = url
        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(e)

        super().__init__(**kwargs)

Map (Map)

The Map class inherits ipyleaflet.Map. The arguments you can pass to the Map can be found at https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/map.html. By default, the Map will add OpenStreetMap as the basemap.

Returns:

Type Description
object

ipyleaflet map object.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
class Map(ipyleaflet.Map):
    """The Map class inherits ipyleaflet.Map. The arguments you can pass to the Map can be found at https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/map.html. By default, the Map will add OpenStreetMap as the basemap.

    Returns:
        object: ipyleaflet map object.
    """

    @property
    def _layer_editor(self) -> Optional[map_widgets.LayerEditor]:
        return self._find_widget_of_type(map_widgets.LayerEditor)

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        if "center" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["center"] = [20, 0]

        if "zoom" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["zoom"] = 2

        if "max_zoom" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["max_zoom"] = 24

        if "scroll_wheel_zoom" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["scroll_wheel_zoom"] = True

        if "basemap" in kwargs:
            if isinstance(kwargs["basemap"], str):
                kwargs["basemap"] = get_basemap(kwargs["basemap"])

        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.baseclass = "ipyleaflet"
        self.toolbar = None
        self.toolbar_button = None
        self.tool_output = None
        self.tool_output_ctrl = None
        self.layer_control = None
        self.draw_control = None
        self.search_control = None
        self.user_roi = None
        self.user_rois = None
        self.draw_features = []
        self.api_keys = {}
        self.geojson_layers = []
        self.edit_mode = False
        self.edit_props = []
        self._layer_manager_widget = widgets.VBox()

        # sandbox path for Voila app to restrict access to system directories.
        if "sandbox_path" not in kwargs:
            if os.environ.get("USE_VOILA") is not None:
                self.sandbox_path = os.getcwd()
            else:
                self.sandbox_path = None
        else:
            if os.path.exists(os.path.abspath(kwargs["sandbox_path"])):
                self.sandbox_path = kwargs["sandbox_path"]
            else:
                print("The sandbox path is invalid.")
                self.sandbox_path = None

        if "height" not in kwargs:
            self.layout.height = "600px"
        else:
            if isinstance(kwargs["height"], int):
                kwargs["height"] = str(kwargs["height"]) + "px"
            self.layout.height = kwargs["height"]
        if "width" in kwargs:
            if isinstance(kwargs["width"], int):
                kwargs["width"] = str(kwargs["width"]) + "px"
            self.layout.width = kwargs["width"]

        if "layers_control" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["layers_control"] = False
        if kwargs["layers_control"]:
            self.add(ipyleaflet.LayersControl(position="topright"))

        if "fullscreen_control" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["fullscreen_control"] = True
        if kwargs["fullscreen_control"]:
            self.add(ipyleaflet.FullScreenControl())

        if "search_control" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["search_control"] = False
        if kwargs["search_control"]:
            url = "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=json&q={s}"
            search_control = ipyleaflet.SearchControl(
                position="topleft",
                url=url,
                zoom=12,
                marker=None,
            )
            self.add(search_control)
            self.search_control = search_control

        if "draw_control" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["draw_control"] = True

        if "repeat_mode" not in kwargs:
            repeat_mode = False
        else:
            repeat_mode = kwargs["repeat_mode"]
            kwargs.pop("repeat_mode")

        if kwargs["draw_control"]:
            draw_control = ipyleaflet.DrawControl(
                polyline={"repeatMode": repeat_mode},
                polygon={"repeatMode": repeat_mode},
                marker={
                    "shapeOptions": {"color": "#3388ff"},
                    "repeatMode": repeat_mode,
                },
                rectangle={
                    "shapeOptions": {"color": "#3388ff"},
                    "repeatMode": repeat_mode,
                },
                circle={
                    "shapeOptions": {"color": "#3388ff"},
                    "repeatMode": repeat_mode,
                },
                # circlemarker={"repeatMode": repeat_mode},
                edit=True,
                remove=True,
                position="topleft",
            )
            draw_control.circlemarker = {}
            self.add(draw_control)
            self.draw_control = draw_control

            def handle_draw(target, action, geo_json):
                if "style" in geo_json["properties"]:
                    del geo_json["properties"]["style"]
                self.user_roi = geo_json

                if action in ["created", "edited"]:
                    # feature = {
                    #     "type": "Feature",
                    #     "geometry": geo_json["geometry"],
                    # }
                    self.draw_features.append(geo_json)

                elif action == "deleted":
                    geometries = [
                        feature["geometry"] for feature in self.draw_control.data
                    ]
                    for geom in geometries:
                        if geom == geo_json["geometry"]:
                            geometries.remove(geom)
                    for feature in self.draw_features:
                        if feature["geometry"] not in geometries:
                            self.draw_features.remove(feature)

                if self.edit_mode:
                    import ipysheet

                    with self.edit_output:
                        self.edit_output.outputs = ()
                        self.edit_sheet = ipysheet.from_dataframe(
                            self.get_draw_props(n=self.num_attributes, return_df=True)
                        )
                        display(self.edit_sheet)

                self.user_rois = {
                    "type": "FeatureCollection",
                    "features": self.draw_features,
                }

            draw_control.on_draw(handle_draw)

        if "measure_control" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["measure_control"] = False
        if kwargs["measure_control"]:
            self.add(ipyleaflet.MeasureControl(position="topleft"))

        if "scale_control" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["scale_control"] = True
        if kwargs["scale_control"]:
            self.add(ipyleaflet.ScaleControl(position="bottomleft"))

        self.layers[0].name = "OpenStreetMap"

        if "toolbar_control" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["toolbar_control"] = True
        if kwargs["toolbar_control"]:
            from .toolbar import main_toolbar

            main_toolbar(self)

        if "use_voila" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["use_voila"] = False

        if "catalog_source" in kwargs:
            self.set_catalog_source(kwargs["catalog_source"])

    def add(self, obj, index=None, **kwargs) -> None:
        """Adds a layer to the map.

        Args:
            layer (object): The layer to add to the map.
            index (int, optional): The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.
        """
        if isinstance(obj, str):
            if obj in basemaps.keys():
                obj = get_basemap(obj)
            else:
                if obj == "nasa_earth_data":
                    from .toolbar import nasa_data_gui

                    nasa_data_gui(self, **kwargs)
                elif obj == "inspector":
                    from .toolbar import inspector_gui

                    inspector_gui(self, **kwargs)

                elif obj == "stac":
                    self.add_stac_gui(**kwargs)
                elif obj == "basemap":
                    self.add_basemap_gui(**kwargs)
                elif obj == "inspector":
                    self.add_inspector_gui(**kwargs)
                elif obj == "layer_manager":
                    self.add_layer_manager(**kwargs)
                elif obj == "oam":
                    self.add_oam_gui(**kwargs)
                return

        super().add(obj, index=index)

        if hasattr(self, "_layer_manager_widget"):
            self.update_layer_manager()

    def set_center(self, lon, lat, zoom=None) -> None:
        """Centers the map view at a given coordinates with the given zoom level.

        Args:
            lon (float): The longitude of the center, in degrees.
            lat (float): The latitude of the center, in degrees.
            zoom (int, optional): The zoom level, from 1 to 24. Defaults to None.
        """
        self.center = (lat, lon)
        if zoom is not None:
            self.zoom = zoom

    def zoom_to_bounds(self, bounds) -> None:
        """Zooms to a bounding box in the form of [minx, miny, maxx, maxy].

        Args:
            bounds (list | tuple): A list/tuple containing minx, miny, maxx, maxy values for the bounds.
        """
        #  The ipyleaflet fit_bounds method takes lat/lon bounds in the form [[south, west], [north, east]].
        self.fit_bounds([[bounds[1], bounds[0]], [bounds[3], bounds[2]]])

    def zoom_to_gdf(self, gdf):
        """Zooms to the bounding box of a GeoPandas GeoDataFrame.

        Args:
            gdf (GeoDataFrame): A GeoPandas GeoDataFrame.
        """
        bounds = gdf.total_bounds
        self.zoom_to_bounds(bounds)

    def get_scale(self) -> float:
        """Returns the approximate pixel scale of the current map view, in meters.

        Returns:
            float: Map resolution in meters.
        """
        import math

        zoom_level = self.zoom
        # Reference: https://blogs.bing.com/maps/2006/02/25/map-control-zoom-levels-gt-resolution
        resolution = 156543.04 * math.cos(0) / math.pow(2, zoom_level)
        return resolution

    def get_layer_names(self) -> list:
        """Gets layer names as a list.

        Returns:
            list: A list of layer names.
        """
        layer_names = []

        for layer in list(self.layers):
            if len(layer.name) > 0:
                layer_names.append(layer.name)

        return layer_names

    def add_marker(self, location, **kwargs) -> None:
        """Adds a marker to the map. More info about marker at https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/marker.html.

        Args:
            location (list | tuple): The location of the marker in the format of [lat, lng].

            **kwargs: Keyword arguments for the marker.
        """
        if isinstance(location, list):
            location = tuple(location)
        if isinstance(location, tuple):
            marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(location=location, **kwargs)
            self.add(marker)
        else:
            raise TypeError("The location must be a list or a tuple.")

    def add_basemap(self, basemap="HYBRID", show=True, **kwargs) -> None:
        """Adds a basemap to the map.

        Args:
            basemap (str, optional): Can be one of string from basemaps. Defaults to 'HYBRID'.
            visible (bool, optional): Whether the basemap is visible or not. Defaults to True.
            **kwargs: Keyword arguments for the TileLayer.
        """
        import xyzservices

        try:
            layer_names = self.get_layer_names()

            map_dict = {
                "ROADMAP": "Google Maps",
                "SATELLITE": "Google Satellite",
                "TERRAIN": "Google Terrain",
                "HYBRID": "Google Hybrid",
            }

            if isinstance(basemap, str):
                if basemap.upper() in map_dict:
                    layer = get_google_map(basemap.upper(), **kwargs)
                    layer.visible = show
                    self.add(layer)
                    return

            if isinstance(basemap, xyzservices.TileProvider):
                name = basemap.name
                url = basemap.build_url()
                attribution = basemap.attribution
                if "max_zoom" in basemap.keys():
                    max_zoom = basemap["max_zoom"]
                else:
                    max_zoom = 22
                layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=url,
                    name=name,
                    max_zoom=max_zoom,
                    attribution=attribution,
                    visible=show,
                    **kwargs,
                )
                self.add(layer)
                arc_add_layer(url, name)
            elif basemap in basemaps and basemaps[basemap].name not in layer_names:
                self.add(basemap)
                self.layers[-1].visible = show
                for param in kwargs:
                    setattr(self.layers[-1], param, kwargs[param])
                arc_add_layer(basemaps[basemap].url, basemap)
            elif basemap in basemaps and basemaps[basemap].name in layer_names:
                print(f"{basemap} has been already added before.")
            else:
                print(
                    "Basemap can only be one of the following:\n  {}".format(
                        "\n  ".join(basemaps.keys())
                    )
                )

        except Exception as e:
            raise ValueError(
                "Basemap can only be one of the following:\n  {}".format(
                    "\n  ".join(basemaps.keys())
                )
            )

    def find_layer(self, name):
        """Finds layer by name

        Args:
            name (str): Name of the layer to find.

        Returns:
            object: ipyleaflet layer object.
        """
        layers = self.layers

        for layer in layers:
            if layer.name == name:
                return layer
        return None

    def find_layer_index(self, name) -> int:
        """Finds layer index by name

        Args:
            name (str): Name of the layer to find.

        Returns:
            int: Index of the layer with the specified name
        """
        layers = self.layers

        for index, layer in enumerate(layers):
            if layer.name == name:
                return index

        return -1

    def add_layer(self, layer) -> None:
        """Adds a layer to the map.

        Args:
            layer (ipyleaflet layer): The layer to be added.
        """
        existing_layer = self.find_layer(layer.name)
        if existing_layer is not None:
            self.remove_layer(existing_layer)
        super().add(layer)

    def add_ee_layer(
        self,
        asset_id: str,
        name: str = None,
        attribution: str = "Google Earth Engine",
        shown: bool = True,
        opacity: float = 1.0,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Adds a Google Earth Engine tile layer to the map based on the tile layer URL from
            https://github.com/opengeos/ee-tile-layers/blob/main/datasets.tsv.

        Args:
            asset_id (str): The ID of the Earth Engine asset.
            name (str, optional): The name of the tile layer. If not provided, the asset ID will be used. Default is None.
            attribution (str, optional): The attribution text to be displayed. Default is "Google Earth Engine".
            shown (bool, optional): Whether the tile layer should be shown on the map. Default is True.
            opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the tile layer. Default is 1.0.
            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the underlying `add_tile_layer` method.

        Returns:
            None
        """
        import pandas as pd

        df = pd.read_csv(
            "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opengeos/ee-tile-layers/main/datasets.tsv",
            sep="\t",
        )

        asset_id = asset_id.strip()
        if name is None:
            name = asset_id

        if asset_id in df["id"].values:
            url = df.loc[df["id"] == asset_id, "url"].values[0]
            self.add_tile_layer(
                url,
                name,
                attribution=attribution,
                shown=shown,
                opacity=opacity,
                **kwargs,
            )
        else:
            print(f"The provided EE tile layer {asset_id} does not exist.")

    def add_layer_control(self, position="topright") -> None:
        """Adds a layer control to the map.

        Args:
            position (str, optional): The position of the layer control. Defaults to 'topright'.
        """

        self.add(ipyleaflet.LayersControl(position=position))

    def layer_opacity(self, name, value=1.0) -> None:
        """Changes layer opacity.

        Args:
            name (str): The name of the layer to change opacity.
            value (float, optional): The opacity value to set. Defaults to 1.0.
        """
        layer = self.find_layer(name)
        try:
            layer.opacity = value
        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(e)

    def add_wms_layer(
        self,
        url,
        layers,
        name=None,
        attribution="",
        format="image/png",
        transparent=True,
        opacity=1.0,
        shown=True,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Add a WMS layer to the map.

        Args:
            url (str): The URL of the WMS web service.
            layers (str): Comma-separated list of WMS layers to show.
            name (str, optional): The layer name to use on the layer control. Defaults to None.
            attribution (str, optional): The attribution of the data layer. Defaults to ''.
            format (str, optional): WMS image format (use ‘image/png’ for layers with transparency). Defaults to 'image/png'.
            transparent (bool, optional): If True, the WMS service will return images with transparency. Defaults to True.
            opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.0.
            shown (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.
        """

        if name is None:
            name = str(layers)

        try:
            wms_layer = ipyleaflet.WMSLayer(
                url=url,
                layers=layers,
                name=name,
                attribution=attribution,
                format=format,
                transparent=transparent,
                opacity=opacity,
                visible=shown,
                **kwargs,
            )
            self.add(wms_layer)

        except Exception as e:
            print("Failed to add the specified WMS TileLayer.")
            raise Exception(e)

    def add_tile_layer(
        self,
        url,
        name,
        attribution,
        opacity=1.0,
        shown=True,
        layer_index=None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a TileLayer to the map.

        Args:
            url (str): The URL of the tile layer.
            name (str): The layer name to use for the layer.
            attribution (str): The attribution to use.
            opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.
            shown (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.
            layer_index (int, optional): The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.
        """
        if "max_zoom" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["max_zoom"] = 30
        if "max_native_zoom" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["max_native_zoom"] = 30
        try:
            tile_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                url=url,
                name=name,
                attribution=attribution,
                opacity=opacity,
                visible=shown,
                **kwargs,
            )
            self.add(tile_layer, index=layer_index)

            arc_add_layer(url, name, shown, opacity)

        except Exception as e:
            print("Failed to add the specified TileLayer.")
            raise Exception(e)

    def add_vector_tile(
        self,
        url,
        styles: Optional[dict] = {},
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Vector Tile",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a VectorTileLayer to the map. It wraps the ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer class. See
            https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/layers/vector_tile.html

        Args:
            url (str, optional): The URL of the tile layer
            styles (dict,optional): Style dict, specific to the vector tile source.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'Vector Tile'.
            kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer class.
        """
        if "vector_tile_layer_styles" in kwargs:
            styles = kwargs["vector_tile_layer_styles"]
            del kwargs["vector_tile_layer_styles"]
        try:
            vector_tile_layer = ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer(
                url=url,
                vector_tile_layer_styles=styles,
                **kwargs,
            )
            vector_tile_layer.name = layer_name
            self.add(vector_tile_layer)

        except Exception as e:
            print("Failed to add the specified VectorTileLayer.")
            raise Exception(e)

    add_vector_tile_layer = add_vector_tile

    def add_pmtiles(
        self,
        url,
        style=None,
        name="PMTiles",
        show=True,
        zoom_to_layer=True,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Adds a PMTiles layer to the map. This function is not officially supported yet by ipyleaflet yet.
        Install it with the following command:
        pip install git+https://github.com/giswqs/ipyleaflet.git@pmtiles

        Args:
            url (str): The URL of the PMTiles file.
            style (str, optional): The CSS style to apply to the layer. Defaults to None.
                See https://docs.mapbox.com/style-spec/reference/layers/ for more info.
            name (str, optional): The name of the layer. Defaults to None.
            show (bool, optional): Whether the layer should be shown initially. Defaults to True.
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer extent. Defaults to True.
            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the PMTilesLayer constructor.

        Returns:
            None
        """

        try:
            if "sources" in kwargs:
                del kwargs["sources"]

            if "version" in kwargs:
                del kwargs["version"]

            if style is None:
                style = pmtiles_style(url)

            layer = ipyleaflet.PMTilesLayer(
                url=url,
                style=style,
                name=name,
                visible=show,
                **kwargs,
            )
            self.add(layer)

            if zoom_to_layer:
                metadata = pmtiles_metadata(url)
                bounds = metadata["bounds"]
                self.zoom_to_bounds(bounds)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    def add_osm_from_geocode(
        self,
        query,
        which_result=None,
        by_osmid=False,
        buffer_dist=None,
        layer_name="Untitled",
        style={},
        hover_style={},
        style_callback=None,
        fill_colors=None,
        info_mode="on_hover",
    ) -> None:
        """Adds OSM data of place(s) by name or ID to the map.

        Args:
            query (str | dict | list): Query string(s) or structured dict(s) to geocode.
            which_result (int, optional): Which geocoding result to use. if None, auto-select the first (Multi)Polygon or raise an error if OSM doesn't return one. to get the top match regardless of geometry type, set which_result=1. Defaults to None.
            by_osmid (bool, optional): If True, handle query as an OSM ID for lookup rather than text search. Defaults to False.
            buffer_dist (float, optional): Distance to buffer around the place geometry, in meters. Defaults to None.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

        """

        gdf = osm_gdf_from_geocode(
            query, which_result=which_result, by_osmid=by_osmid, buffer_dist=buffer_dist
        )
        geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

        self.add_geojson(
            geojson,
            layer_name=layer_name,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            style_callback=style_callback,
            fill_colors=fill_colors,
            info_mode=info_mode,
        )
        self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

    def add_osm_from_address(
        self,
        address,
        tags,
        dist=1000,
        layer_name="Untitled",
        style={},
        hover_style={},
        style_callback=None,
        fill_colors=None,
        info_mode="on_hover",
    ) -> None:
        """Adds OSM entities within some distance N, S, E, W of address to the map.

        Args:
            address (str): The address to geocode and use as the central point around which to get the geometries.
            tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
            dist (int, optional): Distance in meters. Defaults to 1000.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

        """
        gdf = osm_gdf_from_address(address, tags, dist)
        geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

        self.add_geojson(
            geojson,
            layer_name=layer_name,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            style_callback=style_callback,
            fill_colors=fill_colors,
            info_mode=info_mode,
        )
        self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

    def add_osm_from_place(
        self,
        query,
        tags,
        which_result=None,
        buffer_dist=None,
        layer_name="Untitled",
        style={},
        hover_style={},
        style_callback=None,
        fill_colors=None,
        info_mode="on_hover",
    ) -> None:
        """Adds OSM entities within boundaries of geocodable place(s) to the map.

        Args:
            query (str | dict | list): Query string(s) or structured dict(s) to geocode.
            tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
            which_result (int, optional): Which geocoding result to use. if None, auto-select the first (Multi)Polygon or raise an error if OSM doesn't return one. to get the top match regardless of geometry type, set which_result=1. Defaults to None.
            buffer_dist (float, optional): Distance to buffer around the place geometry, in meters. Defaults to None.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

        """
        gdf = osm_gdf_from_place(query, tags, which_result, buffer_dist)
        geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

        self.add_geojson(
            geojson,
            layer_name=layer_name,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            style_callback=style_callback,
            fill_colors=fill_colors,
            info_mode=info_mode,
        )
        self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

    def add_osm_from_point(
        self,
        center_point,
        tags,
        dist=1000,
        layer_name="Untitled",
        style={},
        hover_style={},
        style_callback=None,
        fill_colors=None,
        info_mode="on_hover",
    ) -> None:
        """Adds OSM entities within some distance N, S, E, W of a point to the map.

        Args:
            center_point (tuple): The (lat, lng) center point around which to get the geometries.
            tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
            dist (int, optional): Distance in meters. Defaults to 1000.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

        """
        gdf = osm_gdf_from_point(center_point, tags, dist)
        geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

        self.add_geojson(
            geojson,
            layer_name=layer_name,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            style_callback=style_callback,
            fill_colors=fill_colors,
            info_mode=info_mode,
        )
        self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

    def add_osm_from_polygon(
        self,
        polygon,
        tags,
        layer_name="Untitled",
        style={},
        hover_style={},
        style_callback=None,
        fill_colors=None,
        info_mode="on_hover",
    ) -> None:
        """Adds OSM entities within boundaries of a (multi)polygon to the map.

        Args:
            polygon (shapely.geometry.Polygon | shapely.geometry.MultiPolygon): Geographic boundaries to fetch geometries within
            tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

        """
        gdf = osm_gdf_from_polygon(polygon, tags)
        geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

        self.add_geojson(
            geojson,
            layer_name=layer_name,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            style_callback=style_callback,
            fill_colors=fill_colors,
            info_mode=info_mode,
        )
        self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

    def add_osm_from_bbox(
        self,
        north,
        south,
        east,
        west,
        tags,
        layer_name="Untitled",
        style={},
        hover_style={},
        style_callback=None,
        fill_colors=None,
        info_mode="on_hover",
    ) -> None:
        """Adds OSM entities within a N, S, E, W bounding box to the map.


        Args:
            north (float): Northern latitude of bounding box.
            south (float): Southern latitude of bounding box.
            east (float): Eastern longitude of bounding box.
            west (float): Western longitude of bounding box.
            tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

        """
        gdf = osm_gdf_from_bbox(north, south, east, west, tags)
        geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

        self.add_geojson(
            geojson,
            layer_name=layer_name,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            style_callback=style_callback,
            fill_colors=fill_colors,
            info_mode=info_mode,
        )
        self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

    def add_osm_from_view(
        self,
        tags,
        layer_name="Untitled",
        style={},
        hover_style={},
        style_callback=None,
        fill_colors=None,
        info_mode="on_hover",
    ) -> None:
        """Adds OSM entities within the current map view to the map.

        Args:
            tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

        """
        bounds = self.bounds
        if len(bounds) == 0:
            bounds = (
                (40.74824858675827, -73.98933637940563),
                (40.75068694343106, -73.98364473187601),
            )
        north, south, east, west = (
            bounds[1][0],
            bounds[0][0],
            bounds[1][1],
            bounds[0][1],
        )

        gdf = osm_gdf_from_bbox(north, south, east, west, tags)
        geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

        self.add_geojson(
            geojson,
            layer_name=layer_name,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            style_callback=style_callback,
            fill_colors=fill_colors,
            info_mode=info_mode,
        )
        self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

    def add_cog_layer(
        self,
        url,
        name="Untitled",
        attribution="",
        opacity=1.0,
        shown=True,
        bands=None,
        titiler_endpoint=None,
        zoom_to_layer=True,
        layer_index=None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a COG TileLayer to the map.

        Args:
            url (str): The URL of the COG tile layer.
            name (str, optional): The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'Untitled'.
            attribution (str, optional): The attribution to use. Defaults to ''.
            opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.
            shown (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.
            bands (list, optional): A list of bands to use for the layer. Defaults to None.
            titiler_endpoint (str, optional): Titiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://titiler.xyz".
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer extent. Defaults to True.
            layer_index (int, optional): The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.
            **kwargs: Arbitrary keyword arguments, including bidx, expression, nodata, unscale, resampling, rescale,
                color_formula, colormap, colormap_name, return_mask. See https://developmentseed.org/titiler/endpoints/cog/
                and https://cogeotiff.github.io/rio-tiler/colormap/. To select a certain bands, use bidx=[1, 2, 3].
                apply a rescaling to multiple bands, use something like `rescale=["164,223","130,211","99,212"]`.
        """
        band_names = cog_bands(url, titiler_endpoint)

        if bands is not None:
            if not isinstance(bands, list):
                bands = [bands]

            if all(isinstance(x, str) for x in bands):
                kwargs["bidx"] = [band_names.index(x) + 1 for x in bands]

            elif all(isinstance(x, int) for x in bands):
                kwargs["bidx"] = bands
            else:
                raise ValueError("Bands must be a list of integers or strings.")
        elif "bidx" not in kwargs:
            if len(band_names) == 1:
                kwargs["bidx"] = [1]
            else:
                kwargs["bidx"] = [1, 2, 3]

        vis_bands = [band_names[idx - 1] for idx in kwargs["bidx"]]

        if len(kwargs["bidx"]) > 1:
            if "colormap_name" in kwargs:
                kwargs.pop("colormap_name")
            if "colormap" in kwargs:
                kwargs.pop("colormap")

        tile_url = cog_tile(url, bands, titiler_endpoint, **kwargs)
        bounds = cog_bounds(url, titiler_endpoint)
        self.add_tile_layer(tile_url, name, attribution, opacity, shown, layer_index)
        if zoom_to_layer:
            self.fit_bounds([[bounds[1], bounds[0]], [bounds[3], bounds[2]]])
            arc_zoom_to_extent(bounds[0], bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[3])

        if not hasattr(self, "cog_layer_dict"):
            self.cog_layer_dict = {}

        vmin, vmax = cog_tile_vmin_vmax(
            url, bands=bands, titiler_endpoint=titiler_endpoint
        )

        if "colormap_name" in kwargs:
            colormap = kwargs["colormap_name"]
        else:
            colormap = None

        if "nodata" in kwargs:
            nodata = kwargs["nodata"]
        else:
            nodata = None

        params = {
            "url": url,
            "titiler_endpoint": titiler_endpoint,
            "tile_layer": self.find_layer(name),
            "bounds": bounds,
            "indexes": kwargs["bidx"],
            "vis_bands": vis_bands,
            "band_names": band_names,
            "vmin": vmin,
            "vmax": vmax,
            "nodata": nodata,
            "colormap": colormap,
            "opacity": opacity,
            "layer_name": name,
            "type": "COG",
        }
        self.cog_layer_dict[name] = params

    def add_cog_mosaic(self, **kwargs) -> None:
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "This function is no longer supported.See https://github.com/opengeos/leafmap/issues/180."
        )

    def add_cog_mosaic_from_file(self, **kwargs) -> None:
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "This function is no longer supported.See https://github.com/opengeos/leafmap/issues/180."
        )

    def add_stac_layer(
        self,
        url=None,
        collection=None,
        item=None,
        assets=None,
        bands=None,
        titiler_endpoint=None,
        name="STAC Layer",
        attribution="",
        opacity=1.0,
        shown=True,
        fit_bounds=True,
        layer_index=None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a STAC TileLayer to the map.

        Args:
            url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
            collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
            item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
            assets (str | list): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].
            bands (list): A list of band names, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"]
            titiler_endpoint (str, optional): Titiler endpoint, e.g., "https://titiler.xyz", "https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/data/v1", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.
            name (str, optional): The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'STAC Layer'.
            attribution (str, optional): The attribution to use. Defaults to ''.
            opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.
            shown (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.
            fit_bounds (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the map should be zoomed to the layer extent. Defaults to True.
            layer_index (int, optional): The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.
        """
        if "colormap_name" in kwargs and kwargs["colormap_name"] is None:
            kwargs.pop("colormap_name")

        tile_url = stac_tile(
            url, collection, item, assets, bands, titiler_endpoint, **kwargs
        )
        bounds = stac_bounds(url, collection, item, titiler_endpoint)
        self.add_tile_layer(tile_url, name, attribution, opacity, shown, layer_index)
        if fit_bounds:
            self.fit_bounds([[bounds[1], bounds[0]], [bounds[3], bounds[2]]])
            arc_zoom_to_extent(bounds[0], bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[3])

        if not hasattr(self, "cog_layer_dict"):
            self.cog_layer_dict = {}

        if assets is None and bands is not None:
            assets = bands

        if isinstance(assets, str) and "," in assets:
            assets = assets.split(",")

        if "rescale" in kwargs:
            rescale = kwargs["rescale"]
            vmin, vmax = [float(v) for v in rescale.split(",")]
        else:
            vmin, vmax = stac_min_max(url, collection, item, assets, titiler_endpoint)

        if "nodata" in kwargs:
            nodata = kwargs["nodata"]
        else:
            nodata = None

        band_names = stac_bands(url, collection, item, titiler_endpoint)
        if assets is not None:
            indexes = [band_names.index(band) + 1 for band in assets]
        else:
            indexes = None

        params = {
            "url": url,
            "titiler_endpoint": titiler_endpoint,
            "collection": collection,
            "item": item,
            "assets": assets,
            "tile_layer": self.find_layer(name),
            "indexes": indexes,
            "vis_bands": assets,
            "band_names": band_names,
            "bounds": bounds,
            "vmin": vmin,
            "vmax": vmax,
            "nodata": nodata,
            "opacity": opacity,
            "layer_name": name,
            "type": "STAC",
        }

        self.cog_layer_dict[name] = params

    def add_mosaic_layer(
        self,
        url=None,
        titiler_endpoint=None,
        name="Mosaic Layer",
        attribution="",
        opacity=1.0,
        shown=True,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a STAC TileLayer to the map.

        Args:
            url (str): HTTP URL to a MosaicJSON.
            titiler_endpoint (str, optional): Titiler endpoint, e.g., "https://titiler.xyz". Defaults to None.
            name (str, optional): The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'Mosaic Layer'.
            attribution (str, optional): The attribution to use. Defaults to ''.
            opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.
            shown (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.
        """
        tile_url = mosaic_tile(url, titiler_endpoint, **kwargs)

        bounds = mosaic_bounds(url, titiler_endpoint)
        self.add_tile_layer(tile_url, name, attribution, opacity, shown)
        self.fit_bounds([[bounds[1], bounds[0]], [bounds[3], bounds[2]]])

    def add_minimap(self, zoom=5, position="bottomright"):
        """Adds a minimap (overview) to the ipyleaflet map.

        Args:
            zoom (int, optional): Initial map zoom level. Defaults to 5.
            position (str, optional): Position of the minimap. Defaults to "bottomright".
        """
        layers = [get_basemap("Esri.WorldImagery")]
        minimap = ipyleaflet.Map(
            zoom_control=False,
            attribution_control=False,
            zoom=zoom,
            center=self.center,
            layers=layers,
        )
        minimap.layout.width = "150px"
        minimap.layout.height = "150px"
        ipyleaflet.link((minimap, "center"), (self, "center"))
        minimap_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(widget=minimap, position=position)
        self.add(minimap_control)

    def marker_cluster(self, event="click", add_marker=True):
        """Captures user inputs and add markers to the map.

        Args:
            event (str, optional): [description]. Defaults to 'click'.
            add_marker (bool, optional): If True, add markers to the map. Defaults to True.

        Returns:
            object: a marker cluster.
        """
        coordinates = []
        markers = []
        marker_cluster = ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(name="Marker Cluster")
        self.last_click = []
        self.all_clicks = []
        if add_marker:
            self.add(marker_cluster)

        def handle_interaction(**kwargs):
            latlon = kwargs.get("coordinates")

            if event == "click" and kwargs.get("type") == "click":
                coordinates.append(latlon)
                self.last_click = latlon
                self.all_clicks = coordinates
                if add_marker:
                    markers.append(ipyleaflet.Marker(location=latlon))
                    marker_cluster.markers = markers
            elif kwargs.get("type") == "mousemove":
                pass

        # cursor style: https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_class_cursor.asp
        self.default_style = {"cursor": "crosshair"}
        self.on_interaction(handle_interaction)

    def add_circle_markers_from_xy(
        self,
        data,
        x="lon",
        y="lat",
        radius=10,
        popup=None,
        font_size=2,
        stroke=True,
        color="#0033FF",
        weight=2,
        fill=True,
        fill_color=None,
        fill_opacity=0.2,
        opacity=1.0,
        layer_name="Circle Markers",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a marker cluster to the map. For a list of options, see https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_modules/ipyleaflet/leaflet.html#Path

        Args:
            data (str | pd.DataFrame): A csv or Pandas DataFrame containing x, y, z values.
            x (str, optional): The column name for the x values. Defaults to "lon".
            y (str, optional): The column name for the y values. Defaults to "lat".
            radius (int, optional): The radius of the circle. Defaults to 10.
            popup (list, optional): A list of column names to be used as the popup. Defaults to None.
            font_size (int, optional): The font size of the popup. Defaults to 2.
            stroke (bool, optional): Whether to stroke the path. Defaults to True.
            color (str, optional): The color of the path. Defaults to "#0033FF".
            weight (int, optional): The weight of the path. Defaults to 2.
            fill (bool, optional): Whether to fill the path with color. Defaults to True.
            fill_color (str, optional): The fill color of the path. Defaults to None.
            fill_opacity (float, optional): The fill opacity of the path. Defaults to 0.2.
            opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the path. Defaults to 1.0.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use for the marker cluster. Defaults to "Circle Markers".

        """
        import pandas as pd
        import geopandas as gpd

        if isinstance(data, pd.DataFrame) or isinstance(data, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
            df = data
        elif not data.startswith("http") and (not os.path.exists(data)):
            raise FileNotFoundError("The specified input csv does not exist.")
        elif isinstance(data, str) and data.endswith(".csv"):
            df = pd.read_csv(data)
        else:
            df = gpd.read_file(data)

        col_names = df.columns.values.tolist()
        if "geometry" in col_names:
            col_names.remove("geometry")

        if popup is None:
            popup = col_names

        if not isinstance(popup, list):
            popup = [popup]

        if x not in col_names:
            if isinstance(df, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
                df[x] = df.geometry.x
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"x must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}"
                )

        if y not in col_names:
            if isinstance(df, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
                df[y] = df.geometry.y
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"y must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}"
                )

        if fill_color is None:
            fill_color = color

        if isinstance(color, str):
            colors = [color] * len(df)
        elif isinstance(color, list):
            colors = color
        else:
            raise ValueError("color must be either a string or a list.")

        if isinstance(fill_color, str):
            fill_colors = [fill_color] * len(df)
        elif isinstance(fill_color, list):
            fill_colors = fill_color
        else:
            raise ValueError("fill_color must be either a string or a list.")

        if isinstance(radius, int):
            radius = [radius] * len(df)
        elif isinstance(radius, list):
            radius = radius
        else:
            raise ValueError("radius must be either an integer or a list.")

        index = 0

        layers = []
        for idx, row in df.iterrows():
            html = ""
            for p in popup:
                html = (
                    html
                    + f"<font size='{font_size}'><b>"
                    + p
                    + "</b>"
                    + ": "
                    + str(row[p])
                    + "<br></font>"
                )
            popup_html = widgets.HTML(html)

            marker = ipyleaflet.CircleMarker(
                location=[row[y], row[x]],
                radius=radius[index],
                popup=popup_html,
                stroke=stroke,
                color=colors[index],
                weight=weight,
                fill=fill,
                fill_color=fill_colors[index],
                fill_opacity=fill_opacity,
                opacity=opacity,
                **kwargs,
            )
            layers.append(marker)
            index += 1

        group = ipyleaflet.LayerGroup(layers=tuple(layers), name=layer_name)
        self.add(group)

    def add_markers(
        self,
        markers: Union[List[List[Union[int, float]]], List[Union[int, float]]],
        x: str = "lon",
        y: str = "lat",
        radius: int = 10,
        popup: Optional[str] = None,
        font_size: int = 2,
        stroke: bool = True,
        color: str = "#0033FF",
        weight: int = 2,
        fill: bool = True,
        fill_color: Optional[str] = None,
        fill_opacity: float = 0.2,
        opacity: float = 1.0,
        shape: str = "circle",
        layer_name: str = "Markers",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Adds markers to the map.

        Args:
            markers (Union[List[List[Union[int, float]]], List[Union[int, float]]]): List of markers.
                Each marker can be defined as a list of [x, y] coordinates or as a single [x, y] coordinate.
            x (str, optional): Name of the x-coordinate column in the marker data. Defaults to "lon".
            y (str, optional): Name of the y-coordinate column in the marker data. Defaults to "lat".
            radius (int, optional): Radius of the markers. Defaults to 10.
            popup (str, optional): Popup text for the markers. Defaults to None.
            font_size (int, optional): Font size of the popup text. Defaults to 2.
            stroke (bool, optional): Whether to display marker stroke. Defaults to True.
            color (str, optional): Color of the marker stroke. Defaults to "#0033FF".
            weight (int, optional): Weight of the marker stroke. Defaults to 2.
            fill (bool, optional): Whether to fill markers. Defaults to True.
            fill_color (str, optional): Fill color of the markers. Defaults to None.
            fill_opacity (float, optional): Opacity of the marker fill. Defaults to 0.2.
            opacity (float, optional): Opacity of the markers. Defaults to 1.0.
            shape (str, optional): Shape of the markers. Options are "circle" or "marker". Defaults to "circle".
            layer_name (str, optional): Name of the marker layer. Defaults to "Markers".
            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the marker plotting function.

        Returns:
            None: This function does not return any value.
        """
        import geopandas as gpd

        if (
            isinstance(markers, list)
            and len(markers) == 2
            and isinstance(markers[0], (int, float))
            and isinstance(markers[1], (int, float))
        ):
            markers = [markers]

        if isinstance(markers, list) and all(
            isinstance(item, list) and len(item) == 2 for item in markers
        ):
            df = pd.DataFrame(markers, columns=[y, x])
            markers = gpd.GeoDataFrame(df, geometry=gpd.points_from_xy(df[x], df[y]))

        if shape == "circle":
            self.add_circle_markers_from_xy(
                markers,
                x,
                y,
                radius,
                popup,
                font_size,
                stroke,
                color,
                weight,
                fill,
                fill_color,
                fill_opacity,
                opacity,
                layer_name,
                **kwargs,
            )

        elif shape == "marker":
            self.add_gdf(markers, **kwargs)

    def split_map(
        self,
        left_layer: Optional[str] = "TERRAIN",
        right_layer: Optional[str] = "OpenTopoMap",
        left_args: Optional[dict] = {},
        right_args: Optional[dict] = {},
        left_array_args: Optional[dict] = {},
        right_array_args: Optional[dict] = {},
        zoom_control: Optional[bool] = True,
        fullscreen_control: Optional[bool] = True,
        layer_control: Optional[bool] = True,
        add_close_button: Optional[bool] = False,
        left_label: Optional[str] = None,
        right_label: Optional[str] = None,
        left_position: Optional[str] = "bottomleft",
        right_position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
        widget_layout: Optional[dict] = None,
        draggable: Optional[bool] = True,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds split map.

        Args:
            left_layer (str, optional): The left tile layer. Can be a local file path, HTTP URL, or a basemap name. Defaults to 'TERRAIN'.
            right_layer (str, optional): The right tile layer. Can be a local file path, HTTP URL, or a basemap name. Defaults to 'OpenTopoMap'.
            left_args (dict, optional): The arguments for the left tile layer. Defaults to {}.
            right_args (dict, optional): The arguments for the right tile layer. Defaults to {}.
            left_array_args (dict, optional): The arguments for array_to_image for the left layer. Defaults to {}.
            right_array_args (dict, optional): The arguments for array_to_image for the right layer. Defaults to {}.
            zoom_control (bool, optional): Whether to add zoom control. Defaults to True.
            fullscreen_control (bool, optional): Whether to add fullscreen control. Defaults to True.
            layer_control (bool, optional): Whether to add layer control. Defaults to True.
            add_close_button (bool, optional): Whether to add a close button. Defaults to False.
            left_label (str, optional): The label for the left layer. Defaults to None.
            right_label (str, optional): The label for the right layer. Defaults to None.
            left_position (str, optional): The position for the left label. Defaults to "bottomleft".
            right_position (str, optional): The position for the right label. Defaults to "bottomright".
            widget_layout (dict, optional): The layout for the widget. Defaults to None.
            draggable (bool, optional): Whether the split map is draggable. Defaults to True.
        """
        if "max_zoom" not in left_args:
            left_args["max_zoom"] = 30
        if "max_native_zoom" not in left_args:
            left_args["max_native_zoom"] = 30

        if "max_zoom" not in right_args:
            right_args["max_zoom"] = 30
        if "max_native_zoom" not in right_args:
            right_args["max_native_zoom"] = 30

        if "layer_name" not in left_args:
            left_args["layer_name"] = "Left Layer"

        if "layer_name" not in right_args:
            right_args["layer_name"] = "Right Layer"

        bounds = None

        try:
            controls = self.controls
            layers = self.layers
            self.clear_controls()

            if zoom_control:
                self.add(ipyleaflet.ZoomControl())
            if fullscreen_control:
                self.add(ipyleaflet.FullScreenControl())

            if left_label is not None:
                left_name = left_label
            else:
                left_name = "Left Layer"

            if right_label is not None:
                right_name = right_label
            else:
                right_name = "Right Layer"

            if isinstance(left_layer, str):
                if left_layer in basemaps.keys():
                    left_layer = get_basemap(left_layer)
                elif left_layer.startswith("http") and left_layer.endswith(".tif"):
                    url = cog_tile(left_layer, **left_args)
                    bbox = cog_bounds(left_layer)
                    bounds = [(bbox[1], bbox[0]), (bbox[3], bbox[2])]
                    left_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                        url=url,
                        name=left_name,
                        attribution=" ",
                        **left_args,
                    )
                elif left_layer.startswith("http") and left_layer.endswith(".json"):
                    left_tile_url = stac_tile(left_layer, **left_args)
                    bbox = stac_bounds(left_layer)
                    bounds = [(bbox[1], bbox[0]), (bbox[3], bbox[2])]
                    left_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                        url=left_tile_url,
                        name=left_name,
                        attribution=" ",
                        **left_args,
                    )
                elif left_layer.startswith("http") and left_layer.endswith(".geojson"):
                    if "max_zoom" in left_args:
                        del left_args["max_zoom"]
                    if "max_native_zoom" in left_args:
                        del left_args["max_native_zoom"]
                    left_layer = geojson_layer(left_layer, **left_args)
                elif os.path.exists(left_layer):
                    if left_layer.endswith(".geojson"):
                        if "max_zoom" in left_args:
                            del left_args["max_zoom"]
                        if "max_native_zoom" in left_args:
                            del left_args["max_native_zoom"]
                        left_layer = geojson_layer(left_layer, **left_args)
                    else:
                        left_layer, left_client = get_local_tile_layer(
                            left_layer,
                            tile_format="ipyleaflet",
                            return_client=True,
                            **left_args,
                        )
                        bounds = image_bounds(left_client)
                else:
                    left_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                        url=left_layer,
                        name=left_name,
                        attribution=" ",
                        **left_args,
                    )
            elif isinstance(left_layer, ipyleaflet.TileLayer) or isinstance(
                left_layer, ipyleaflet.GeoJSON
            ):
                pass
            elif is_array(left_layer):
                left_layer = array_to_image(left_layer, **left_array_args)
                left_layer, _ = get_local_tile_layer(
                    left_layer,
                    return_client=True,
                    **left_args,
                )
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"left_layer must be one of the following: {', '.join(basemaps.keys())} or a string url to a tif file."
                )

            if isinstance(right_layer, str):
                if right_layer in basemaps.keys():
                    right_layer = get_basemap(right_layer)
                elif right_layer.startswith("http") and right_layer.endswith(".tif"):
                    url = cog_tile(
                        right_layer,
                        **right_args,
                    )
                    bbox = cog_bounds(right_layer)
                    bounds = [(bbox[1], bbox[0]), (bbox[3], bbox[2])]
                    right_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                        url=url,
                        name=right_name,
                        attribution=" ",
                        **right_args,
                    )

                elif right_layer.startswith("http") and right_layer.endswith(".json"):
                    right_tile_url = stac_tile(right_layer, **left_args)
                    bbox = stac_bounds(right_layer)
                    bounds = [(bbox[1], bbox[0]), (bbox[3], bbox[2])]
                    right_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                        url=right_tile_url,
                        name=right_name,
                        attribution=" ",
                        **right_args,
                    )
                elif right_layer.startswith("http") and right_layer.endswith(
                    ".geojson"
                ):
                    if "max_zoom" in right_args:
                        del right_args["max_zoom"]
                    if "max_native_zoom" in right_args:
                        del right_args["max_native_zoom"]
                    right_layer = geojson_layer(right_layer, **right_args)
                elif os.path.exists(right_layer):
                    if "max_zoom" in right_args:
                        del right_args["max_zoom"]
                    if "max_native_zoom" in right_args:
                        del right_args["max_native_zoom"]
                    if right_layer.endswith(".geojson"):
                        right_layer = geojson_layer(right_layer, **right_args)
                    else:
                        right_layer, right_client = get_local_tile_layer(
                            right_layer,
                            tile_format="ipyleaflet",
                            return_client=True,
                            **right_args,
                        )
                        bounds = image_bounds(right_client)
                else:
                    right_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                        url=right_layer,
                        name=right_name,
                        attribution=" ",
                        **right_args,
                    )
            elif isinstance(right_layer, ipyleaflet.TileLayer) or isinstance(
                right_layer, ipyleaflet.GeoJSON
            ):
                pass
            elif is_array(right_layer):
                right_layer = array_to_image(right_layer, **right_array_args)
                right_layer, _ = get_local_tile_layer(
                    right_layer,
                    return_client=True,
                    **right_args,
                )
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"right_layer must be one of the following: {', '.join(basemaps.keys())} or a string url to a tif file."
                )
            control = ipyleaflet.SplitMapControl(
                left_layer=left_layer, right_layer=right_layer
            )
            self.add(control)

            if left_label is not None:
                if widget_layout is None:
                    widget_layout = widgets.Layout(padding="0px 4px 0px 4px")
                left_widget = widgets.HTML(value=left_label, layout=widget_layout)

                left_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
                    widget=left_widget, position=left_position
                )
                self.add(left_control)

            if right_label is not None:
                if widget_layout is None:
                    widget_layout = widgets.Layout(padding="0px 4px 0px 4px")
                right_widget = widgets.HTML(value=right_label, layout=widget_layout)
                right_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
                    widget=right_widget, position=right_position
                )
                self.add(right_control)

            if bounds is not None:
                self.fit_bounds(bounds)

            self.dragging = draggable

            close_button = widgets.ToggleButton(
                value=False,
                tooltip="Close split-panel map",
                icon="times",
                layout=widgets.Layout(
                    height="28px", width="28px", padding="0px 0px 0px 4px"
                ),
            )

            def close_btn_click(change):
                if change["new"]:
                    self.controls = controls
                    self.layers = layers[:-1]
                    self.add(layers[-1])

                if left_label in self.controls:
                    self.remove_control(left_control)

                if right_label in self.controls:
                    self.remove_control(right_control)

                self.dragging = True

            close_button.observe(close_btn_click, "value")
            close_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
                widget=close_button, position="topright"
            )

            if add_close_button:
                self.add(close_control)

            if layer_control:
                self.add_layer_control()

        except Exception as e:
            print("The provided layers are invalid!")
            raise ValueError(e)

    def basemap_demo(self) -> None:
        """A demo for using leafmap basemaps."""
        dropdown = widgets.Dropdown(
            options=list(basemaps.keys()),
            value="Esri.WorldImagery",
            description="Basemaps",
        )

        def on_click(change):
            basemap_name = change["new"]
            old_basemap = self.layers[-1]
            self.substitute_layer(old_basemap, get_basemap(basemap_name))

        dropdown.observe(on_click, "value")
        basemap_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(widget=dropdown, position="topright")
        self.add(basemap_control)

    def add_legend(
        self,
        title: Optional[str] = "Legend",
        legend_dict: Optional[dict] = None,
        labels: Optional[list] = None,
        colors: Optional[list] = None,
        position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
        builtin_legend: Optional[str] = None,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a customized basemap to the map.

        Args:
            title (str, optional): Title of the legend. Defaults to 'Legend'.
            legend_dict (dict, optional): A dictionary containing legend items as keys and color as values. If provided, legend_keys and legend_colors will be ignored. Defaults to None.
            labels (list, optional): A list of legend keys. Defaults to None.
            colors (list, optional): A list of legend colors. Defaults to None.
            position (str, optional): Position of the legend. Defaults to 'bottomright'.
            builtin_legend (str, optional): Name of the builtin legend to add to the map. Defaults to None.
            layer_name (str, optional): Layer name of the legend to be associated with. Defaults to None.

        """
        import importlib.resources
        from IPython.display import display

        pkg_dir = os.path.dirname(importlib.resources.files("leafmap") / "leafmap.py")
        legend_template = os.path.join(pkg_dir, "data/template/legend.html")

        if "min_width" not in kwargs.keys():
            min_width = None
        if "max_width" not in kwargs.keys():
            max_width = None
        else:
            max_width = kwargs["max_width"]
        if "min_height" not in kwargs.keys():
            min_height = None
        else:
            min_height = kwargs["min_height"]
        if "max_height" not in kwargs.keys():
            max_height = None
        else:
            max_height = kwargs["max_height"]
        if "height" not in kwargs.keys():
            height = None
        else:
            height = kwargs["height"]
        if "width" not in kwargs.keys():
            width = None
        else:
            width = kwargs["width"]

        if width is None:
            max_width = "300px"
        if height is None:
            max_height = "400px"

        if not os.path.exists(legend_template):
            print("The legend template does not exist.")
            return

        if labels is not None:
            if not isinstance(labels, list):
                print("The legend keys must be a list.")
                return
        else:
            labels = ["One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "etc"]

        if colors is not None:
            if not isinstance(colors, list):
                print("The legend colors must be a list.")
                return
            elif all(isinstance(item, tuple) for item in colors):
                try:
                    colors = [rgb_to_hex(x) for x in colors]
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)
            elif all((item.startswith("#") and len(item) == 7) for item in colors):
                pass
            elif all((len(item) == 6) for item in colors):
                pass
            else:
                print("The legend colors must be a list of tuples.")
                return
        else:
            colors = [
                "#8DD3C7",
                "#FFFFB3",
                "#BEBADA",
                "#FB8072",
                "#80B1D3",
            ]

        if len(labels) != len(colors):
            print("The legend keys and values must be the same length.")
            return

        allowed_builtin_legends = builtin_legends.keys()
        if builtin_legend is not None:
            if builtin_legend not in allowed_builtin_legends:
                print(
                    "The builtin legend must be one of the following: {}".format(
                        ", ".join(allowed_builtin_legends)
                    )
                )
                return
            else:
                legend_dict = builtin_legends[builtin_legend]
                labels = list(legend_dict.keys())
                colors = list(legend_dict.values())

        if legend_dict is not None:
            if not isinstance(legend_dict, dict):
                print("The legend dict must be a dictionary.")
                return
            else:
                labels = list(legend_dict.keys())
                colors = list(legend_dict.values())
                if all(isinstance(item, tuple) for item in colors):
                    try:
                        colors = [rgb_to_hex(x) for x in colors]
                    except Exception as e:
                        print(e)

        allowed_positions = [
            "topleft",
            "topright",
            "bottomleft",
            "bottomright",
        ]
        if position not in allowed_positions:
            print(
                "The position must be one of the following: {}".format(
                    ", ".join(allowed_positions)
                )
            )
            return

        header = []
        content = []
        footer = []

        with open(legend_template) as f:
            lines = f.readlines()
            lines[3] = lines[3].replace("Legend", title)
            header = lines[:6]
            footer = lines[11:]

        for index, key in enumerate(labels):
            color = colors[index]
            if not color.startswith("#"):
                color = "#" + color
            item = "      <li><span style='background:{};'></span>{}</li>\n".format(
                color, key
            )
            content.append(item)

        legend_html = header + content + footer
        legend_text = "".join(legend_html)

        try:
            legend_output_widget = widgets.Output(
                layout={
                    # "border": "1px solid black",
                    "max_width": max_width,
                    "min_width": min_width,
                    "max_height": max_height,
                    "min_height": min_height,
                    "height": height,
                    "width": width,
                    "overflow": "scroll",
                }
            )
            legend_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
                widget=legend_output_widget, position=position
            )
            legend_widget = widgets.HTML(value=legend_text)
            with legend_output_widget:
                display(legend_widget)

            self.legend_widget = legend_output_widget
            self.legend_control = legend_control
            self.add(legend_control)

        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(e)

    def add_colorbar(
        self,
        colors: Union[list[int], tuple[int]],
        vmin: Optional[int] = 0,
        vmax: Optional[float] = 1.0,
        index: Optional[list] = None,
        caption: Optional[str] = "",
        categorical: Optional[bool] = False,
        step: Optional[int] = None,
        height: Optional[str] = "45px",
        transparent_bg: Optional[bool] = False,
        position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Add a branca colorbar to the map.

        Args:
            colors (list): The set of colors to be used for interpolation. Colors can be provided in the form: * tuples of RGBA ints between 0 and 255 (e.g: (255, 255, 0) or (255, 255, 0, 255)) * tuples of RGBA floats between 0. and 1. (e.g: (1.,1.,0.) or (1., 1., 0., 1.)) * HTML-like string (e.g: “#ffff00) * a color name or shortcut (e.g: “y” or “yellow”)
            vmin (int, optional): The minimal value for the colormap. Values lower than vmin will be bound directly to colors[0].. Defaults to 0.
            vmax (float, optional): The maximal value for the colormap. Values higher than vmax will be bound directly to colors[-1]. Defaults to 1.0.
            index (list, optional):The values corresponding to each color. It has to be sorted, and have the same length as colors. If None, a regular grid between vmin and vmax is created.. Defaults to None.
            caption (str, optional): The caption for the colormap. Defaults to "".
            categorical (bool, optional): Whether or not to create a categorical colormap. Defaults to False.
            step (int, optional): The step to split the LinearColormap into a StepColormap. Defaults to None.
            height (str, optional): The height of the colormap widget. Defaults to "45px".
            transparent_bg (bool, optional): Whether to use transparent background for the colormap widget. Defaults to True.
            position (str, optional): The position for the colormap widget. Defaults to "bottomright".

        """
        from box import Box
        from branca.colormap import LinearColormap

        output = widgets.Output()
        output.layout.height = height

        if "width" in kwargs.keys():
            output.layout.width = kwargs["width"]

        if isinstance(colors, Box):
            try:
                colors = list(colors["default"])
            except Exception as e:
                print("The provided color list is invalid.")
                raise Exception(e)

        if all(len(color) == 6 for color in colors):
            colors = ["#" + color for color in colors]

        colormap = LinearColormap(
            colors=colors, index=index, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, caption=caption
        )

        if categorical:
            if step is not None:
                colormap = colormap.to_step(step)
            elif index is not None:
                colormap = colormap.to_step(len(index) - 1)
            else:
                colormap = colormap.to_step(3)

        colormap_ctrl = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
            widget=output,
            position=position,
            transparent_bg=transparent_bg,
            **kwargs,
        )
        with output:
            output.outputs = ()
            display(colormap)

        self.colorbar = colormap_ctrl
        self.add(colormap_ctrl)

    def add_colormap(
        self,
        cmap: Optional[str] = "gray",
        colors: Optional[list] = None,
        discrete: Optional[bool] = False,
        label: Optional[str] = None,
        width: Optional[float] = 3,
        height: Optional[float] = 0.25,
        orientation: Optional[str] = "horizontal",
        vmin: Optional[float] = 0,
        vmax: Optional[float] = 1.0,
        axis_off: Optional[bool] = False,
        show_name: Optional[bool] = False,
        font_size: Optional[int] = 8,
        transparent_bg: Optional[bool] = False,
        position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a matplotlib colormap to the map.

        Args:
            cmap (str, optional): Matplotlib colormap. Defaults to "gray". See https://matplotlib.org/3.3.4/tutorials/colors/colormaps.html#sphx-glr-tutorials-colors-colormaps-py for options.
            colors (list, optional): A list of custom colors to create a colormap. Defaults to None.
            discrete (bool, optional): Whether to create a discrete colorbar. Defaults to False.
            label (str, optional): Label for the colorbar. Defaults to None.
            width (float, optional): The width of the colormap. Defaults to 8.0.
            height (float, optional): The height of the colormap. Defaults to 0.4.
            orientation (str, optional): The orientation of the colormap. Defaults to "horizontal".
            vmin (float, optional): The minimum value range. Defaults to 0.
            vmax (float, optional): The maximum value range. Defaults to 1.0.
            axis_off (bool, optional): Whether to turn axis off. Defaults to False.
            show_name (bool, optional): Whether to show the colormap name. Defaults to False.
            font_size (int, optional): Font size of the text. Defaults to 12.
            transparent_bg (bool, optional): Whether to use transparent background for the colormap widget. Defaults to True.
            position (str, optional): The position for the colormap widget. Defaults to "bottomright".
        """
        from .colormaps import plot_colormap

        output = widgets.Output()

        colormap_ctrl = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
            widget=output,
            position=position,
            transparent_bg=transparent_bg,
        )
        with output:
            output.outputs = ()
            plot_colormap(
                cmap,
                colors,
                discrete,
                label,
                width,
                height,
                orientation,
                vmin,
                vmax,
                axis_off,
                show_name,
                font_size,
                **kwargs,
            )

        self.colorbar = colormap_ctrl
        self.add(colormap_ctrl)

    def image_overlay(self, url: str, bounds: str, name: str) -> None:
        """Overlays an image from the Internet or locally on the map.

        Args:
            url (str): http URL or local file path to the image.
            bounds (tuple): bounding box of the image in the format of (lower_left(lat, lon), upper_right(lat, lon)), such as ((13, -130), (32, -100)).
            name (str): name of the layer to show on the layer control.
        """
        from base64 import b64encode
        from PIL import Image, ImageSequence
        from io import BytesIO

        try:
            if not url.startswith("http"):
                if not os.path.exists(url):
                    print("The provided file does not exist.")
                    return

                ext = os.path.splitext(url)[1][1:]  # file extension
                image = Image.open(url)

                f = BytesIO()
                if ext.lower() == "gif":
                    frames = []
                    # Loop over each frame in the animated image
                    for frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(image):
                        frame = frame.convert("RGBA")
                        b = BytesIO()
                        frame.save(b, format="gif")
                        frame = Image.open(b)
                        frames.append(frame)
                    frames[0].save(
                        f,
                        format="GIF",
                        save_all=True,
                        append_images=frames[1:],
                        loop=0,
                    )
                else:
                    image.save(f, ext)

                data = b64encode(f.getvalue())
                data = data.decode("ascii")
                url = "data:image/{};base64,".format(ext) + data
            img = ipyleaflet.ImageOverlay(url=url, bounds=bounds, name=name)
            self.add(img)
        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(e)

    def video_overlay(
        self, url: str, bounds: Tuple, layer_name: str = None, **kwargs
    ) -> None:
        """Overlays a video from the Internet on the map.

        Args:
            url (str): http URL of the video, such as "https://www.mapbox.com/bites/00188/patricia_nasa.webm"
            bounds (tuple): bounding box of the video in the format of (lower_left(lat, lon), upper_right(lat, lon)), such as ((13, -130), (32, -100)).
            layer_name (str): name of the layer to show on the layer control.
        """
        if layer_name is None and "name" in kwargs:
            layer_name = kwargs.pop("name")
        try:
            video = ipyleaflet.VideoOverlay(url=url, bounds=bounds, name=layer_name)
            self.add(video)
        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(e)

    def to_html(
        self,
        outfile: Optional[str] = None,
        title: Optional[str] = "My Map",
        width: Optional[str] = "100%",
        height: Optional[str] = "880px",
        add_layer_control: Optional[bool] = True,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Saves the map as an HTML file.

        Args:
            outfile (str, optional): The output file path to the HTML file.
            title (str, optional): The title of the HTML file. Defaults to 'My Map'.
            width (str, optional): The width of the map in pixels or percentage. Defaults to '100%'.
            height (str, optional): The height of the map in pixels. Defaults to '880px'.
            add_layer_control (bool, optional): Whether to add the LayersControl. Defaults to True.

        """
        try:
            save = True
            if outfile is not None:
                if not outfile.endswith(".html"):
                    raise ValueError("The output file extension must be html.")
                outfile = os.path.abspath(outfile)
                out_dir = os.path.dirname(outfile)
                if not os.path.exists(out_dir):
                    os.makedirs(out_dir)
            else:
                outfile = os.path.abspath(random_string() + ".html")
                save = False

            if add_layer_control and self.layer_control is None:
                layer_control = ipyleaflet.LayersControl(position="topright")
                self.layer_control = layer_control
                self.add(layer_control)

            before_width = self.layout.width
            before_height = self.layout.height

            if not isinstance(width, str):
                print("width must be a string.")
                return
            elif width.endswith("px") or width.endswith("%"):
                pass
            else:
                print("width must end with px or %")
                return

            if not isinstance(height, str):
                print("height must be a string.")
                return
            elif not height.endswith("px"):
                print("height must end with px")
                return

            self.layout.width = width
            self.layout.height = height

            self.save(outfile, title=title, **kwargs)

            self.layout.width = before_width
            self.layout.height = before_height

            if not save:
                out_html = ""
                with open(outfile) as f:
                    lines = f.readlines()
                    out_html = "".join(lines)
                os.remove(outfile)
                return out_html

        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(e)

    def to_image(
        self, outfile: Optional[str] = None, monitor: Optional[int] = 1
    ) -> None:
        """Saves the map as a PNG or JPG image.

        Args:
            outfile (str, optional): The output file path to the image. Defaults to None.
            monitor (int, optional): The monitor to take the screenshot. Defaults to 1.
        """
        if outfile is None:
            outfile = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "my_map.png")

        if outfile.endswith(".png") or outfile.endswith(".jpg"):
            pass
        else:
            print("The output file must be a PNG or JPG image.")
            return

        work_dir = os.path.dirname(outfile)
        if not os.path.exists(work_dir):
            os.makedirs(work_dir)

        screenshot = screen_capture(outfile, monitor)
        self.screenshot = screenshot

    def to_streamlit(
        self,
        width: Optional[int] = None,
        height: Optional[int] = 600,
        scrolling: Optional[bool] = False,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        """Renders map figure in a Streamlit app.

        Args:
            width (int, optional): Width of the map. Defaults to None.
            height (int, optional): Height of the map. Defaults to 600.
            responsive (bool, optional): Whether to make the map responsive. Defaults to True.
            scrolling (bool, optional): If True, show a scrollbar when the content is larger than the iframe. Otherwise, do not show a scrollbar. Defaults to False.

        Returns:
            streamlit.components: components.html object.
        """

        try:
            import streamlit.components.v1 as components  # pylint: disable=E0401

            # if responsive:
            #     make_map_responsive = """
            #     <style>
            #     [title~="st.iframe"] { width: 100%}
            #     </style>
            #     """
            #     st.markdown(make_map_responsive, unsafe_allow_html=True)
            return components.html(
                self.to_html(), width=width, height=height, scrolling=scrolling
            )

        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(e)

    def toolbar_reset(self) -> None:
        """Reset the toolbar so that no tool is selected."""
        toolbar_grid = self.toolbar
        for tool in toolbar_grid.children:
            tool.value = False

    def add_raster(
        self,
        source: str,
        indexes: Optional[int] = None,
        colormap: Optional[str] = None,
        vmin: Optional[float] = None,
        vmax: Optional[float] = None,
        nodata: Optional[float] = None,
        attribution: Optional[str] = None,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Raster",
        layer_index: Optional[int] = None,
        zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = True,
        visible: Optional[bool] = True,
        opacity: Optional[float] = 1.0,
        array_args: Optional[Dict] = {},
        client_args: Optional[Dict] = {"cors_all": False},
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Add a local raster dataset to the map.
            If you are using this function in JupyterHub on a remote server (e.g., Binder, Microsoft Planetary Computer) and
            if the raster does not render properly, try installing jupyter-server-proxy using `pip install jupyter-server-proxy`,
            then running the following code before calling this function. For more info, see https://bit.ly/3JbmF93.

            import os
            os.environ['LOCALTILESERVER_CLIENT_PREFIX'] = 'proxy/{port}'

        Args:
            source (str): The path to the GeoTIFF file or the URL of the Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF.
            indexes (int, optional): The band(s) to use. Band indexing starts at 1. Defaults to None.
            colormap (str, optional): The name of the colormap from `matplotlib` to use when plotting a single band. See https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html. Default is greyscale.
            vmin (float, optional): The minimum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
            vmax (float, optional): The maximum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
            nodata (float, optional): The value from the band to use to interpret as not valid data. Defaults to None.
            attribution (str, optional): Attribution for the source raster. This defaults to a message about it being a local file.. Defaults to None.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to 'Raster'.
            layer_index (int, optional): The index of the layer. Defaults to None.
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the extent of the layer. Defaults to True.
            visible (bool, optional): Whether the layer is visible. Defaults to True.
            opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.0.
            array_args (dict, optional): Additional arguments to pass to `array_to_memory_file` when reading the raster. Defaults to {}.
            client_args (dict, optional): Additional arguments to pass to localtileserver.TileClient. Defaults to { "cors_all": False }.
        """
        import numpy as np
        import xarray as xr

        if isinstance(source, np.ndarray) or isinstance(source, xr.DataArray):
            source = array_to_image(source, **array_args)

        tile_layer, tile_client = get_local_tile_layer(
            source,
            indexes=indexes,
            colormap=colormap,
            vmin=vmin,
            vmax=vmax,
            nodata=nodata,
            opacity=opacity,
            attribution=attribution,
            layer_name=layer_name,
            client_args=client_args,
            return_client=True,
            **kwargs,
        )
        tile_layer.visible = visible

        self.add(tile_layer, index=layer_index)
        if zoom_to_layer:
            self.center = tile_client.center()
            try:
                self.zoom = tile_client.default_zoom
            except AttributeError:
                self.zoom = 15

        arc_add_layer(tile_layer.url, layer_name, True, 1.0)

        if not hasattr(self, "cog_layer_dict"):
            self.cog_layer_dict = {}

        if indexes is None:
            if len(tile_client.band_names) == 1:
                indexes = [1]
            else:
                indexes = [1, 2, 3]

        vis_bands = [tile_client.band_names[i - 1] for i in indexes]

        params = {
            "tile_layer": tile_layer,
            "tile_client": tile_client,
            "indexes": indexes,
            "vis_bands": vis_bands,
            "band_names": tile_client.band_names,
            "vmin": vmin,
            "vmax": vmax,
            "nodata": nodata,
            "colormap": colormap,
            "opacity": opacity,
            "layer_name": layer_name,
            "filename": tile_client.filename,
            "type": "LOCAL",
        }
        self.cog_layer_dict[layer_name] = params

    add_local_tile = add_raster

    def add_remote_tile(
        self,
        source: str,
        band: Optional[int] = None,
        palette: Optional[str] = None,
        vmin: Optional[float] = None,
        vmax: Optional[float] = None,
        nodata: Optional[float] = None,
        attribution: Optional[str] = None,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Add a remote Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) to the map.

        Args:
            source (str): The path to the remote Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF.
            band (int, optional): The band to use. Band indexing starts at 1. Defaults to None.
            palette (str, optional): The name of the color palette from `palettable` to use when plotting a single band. See https://jiffyclub.github.io/palettable. Default is greyscale
            vmin (float, optional): The minimum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
            vmax (float, optional): The maximum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
            nodata (float, optional): The value from the band to use to interpret as not valid data. Defaults to None.
            attribution (str, optional): Attribution for the source raster. This defaults to a message about it being a local file.. Defaults to None.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to None.
        """
        if isinstance(source, str) and source.startswith("http"):
            self.add_raster(
                source,
                band=band,
                palette=palette,
                vmin=vmin,
                vmax=vmax,
                nodata=nodata,
                attribution=attribution,
                layer_name=layer_name,
                **kwargs,
            )
        else:
            raise Exception("The source must be a URL.")

    def add_netcdf(
        self,
        filename: str,
        variables: Optional[int] = None,
        palette: Optional[str] = None,
        vmin: Optional[float] = None,
        vmax: Optional[float] = None,
        nodata: Optional[float] = None,
        attribution: Optional[str] = None,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "NetCDF layer",
        shift_lon: Optional[bool] = True,
        lat: Optional[str] = "lat",
        lon: Optional[str] = "lon",
        lev: Optional[str] = "lev",
        level_index: Optional[int] = 0,
        time: Optional[int] = 0,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Generate an ipyleaflet/folium TileLayer from a netCDF file.
            If you are using this function in JupyterHub on a remote server (e.g., Binder, Microsoft Planetary Computer),
            try adding to following two lines to the beginning of the notebook if the raster does not render properly.

            import os
            os.environ['LOCALTILESERVER_CLIENT_PREFIX'] = f'{os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_PREFIX'].lstrip('/')}/proxy/{{port}}'

        Args:
            filename (str): File path or HTTP URL to the netCDF file.
            variables (int, optional): The variable/band names to extract data from the netCDF file. Defaults to None. If None, all variables will be extracted.
            port (str, optional): The port to use for the server. Defaults to "default".
            palette (str, optional): The name of the color palette from `palettable` to use when plotting a single band. See https://jiffyclub.github.io/palettable. Default is greyscale
            vmin (float, optional): The minimum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
            vmax (float, optional): The maximum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
            nodata (float, optional): The value from the band to use to interpret as not valid data. Defaults to None.
            attribution (str, optional): Attribution for the source raster. This defaults to a message about it being a local file.. Defaults to None.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to "netCDF layer".
            shift_lon (bool, optional): Flag to shift longitude values from [0, 360] to the range [-180, 180]. Defaults to True.
            lat (str, optional): Name of the latitude variable. Defaults to 'lat'.
            lon (str, optional): Name of the longitude variable. Defaults to 'lon'.
            lev (str, optional): Name of the level variable. Defaults to 'lev'.
            level_index (int, optional): Index of level to use. Defaults to 0'.
            time (int, optional): Index of time to use. Defaults to 0'.
        """

        tif, vars = netcdf_to_tif(
            filename,
            shift_lon=shift_lon,
            lat=lat,
            lon=lon,
            lev=lev,
            level_index=level_index,
            time=time,
            return_vars=True,
        )

        if variables is None:
            if len(vars) >= 3:
                band_idx = [1, 2, 3]
            else:
                band_idx = [1]
        else:
            if not set(variables).issubset(set(vars)):
                raise ValueError(f"The variables must be a subset of {vars}.")
            else:
                band_idx = [vars.index(v) + 1 for v in variables]

        self.add_raster(
            tif,
            band=band_idx,
            palette=palette,
            vmin=vmin,
            vmax=vmax,
            nodata=nodata,
            attribution=attribution,
            layer_name=layer_name,
            **kwargs,
        )

    def add_shp(
        self,
        in_shp: str,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
        style: Optional[Dict] = {},
        hover_style: Optional[Dict] = {},
        style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
        fill_colors: Optional[list[str]] = None,
        info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
        zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = False,
        encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a shapefile to the map.

        Args:
            in_shp (str): The input file path or HTTP URL (*.zip) to the shapefile.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer after adding it to the map. Defaults to False.
            encoding (str, optional): The encoding of the shapefile. Defaults to "utf-8".

        Raises:
            FileNotFoundError: The provided shapefile could not be found.
        """

        import geopandas as gpd

        gdf = gpd.read_file(in_shp, encoding=encoding)
        self.add_gdf(
            gdf,
            layer_name,
            style,
            hover_style,
            style_callback,
            fill_colors,
            info_mode,
            zoom_to_layer,
            encoding,
            **kwargs,
        )

    def add_geojson(
        self,
        in_geojson: Union[str, Dict],
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
        style: Optional[dict] = {},
        hover_style: Optional[dict] = {},
        style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
        fill_colors: Optional[list[str]] = None,
        info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
        zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = False,
        encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a GeoJSON file to the map.

        Args:
            in_geojson (str | dict): The file path or http URL to the input
                GeoJSON or a dictionary containing the geojson.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to
                "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used.
                Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called
                for each feature, and should return the feature style. This
                styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling
                polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover
                or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will
                be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer after
                adding it to the map. Defaults to False.
            encoding (str, optional): The encoding of the GeoJSON file. Defaults
                to "utf-8".

        Raises:
            FileNotFoundError: The provided GeoJSON file could not be found.
        """
        import json
        import random
        import geopandas as gpd

        gdf = None

        try:
            if isinstance(in_geojson, str):
                if in_geojson.startswith("http"):
                    if is_jupyterlite():
                        import pyodide  # pylint: disable=E0401

                        output = os.path.basename(in_geojson)

                        output = os.path.abspath(output)
                        obj = pyodide.http.open_url(in_geojson)
                        with open(output, "w") as fd:
                            shutil.copyfileobj(obj, fd)
                        with open(output, "r") as fd:
                            data = json.load(fd)
                    else:
                        gdf = gpd.read_file(in_geojson, encoding=encoding)

                else:
                    gdf = gpd.read_file(in_geojson, encoding=encoding)

            elif isinstance(in_geojson, dict):
                gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(in_geojson)
            elif isinstance(in_geojson, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
                gdf = in_geojson
            else:
                raise TypeError("The input geojson must be a type of str or dict.")
        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(e)

        if gdf.crs is None:
            print(
                f"Warning: The dataset does not have a CRS defined. Assuming EPSG:4326."
            )
            gdf.crs = "EPSG:4326"
        elif gdf.crs != "EPSG:4326":
            gdf = gdf.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
        data = gdf.__geo_interface__

        try:
            first_feature = data["features"][0]
            if isinstance(first_feature["properties"].get("style"), str):
                # Loop through the features and update the style
                for feature in data["features"]:
                    fstyle = feature["properties"].get("style")
                    if isinstance(fstyle, str):
                        feature["properties"]["style"] = json.loads(fstyle)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            pass

        geom_type = gdf.reset_index().geom_type[0]

        if style is None and (style_callback is None):
            style = {
                # "stroke": True,
                "color": "#3388ff",
                "weight": 2,
                "opacity": 1,
                "fill": True,
                "fillColor": "#3388ff",
                "fillOpacity": 0.2,
                # "dashArray": "9"
                # "clickable": True,
            }

            if geom_type in ["LineString", "MultiLineString"]:
                style["fill"] = False

        elif "weight" not in style:
            style["weight"] = 1

        if not hover_style:
            hover_style = {
                "weight": style["weight"] + 2,
                "fillOpacity": 0,
                "color": "yellow",
            }

        def random_color(feature):
            return {
                "color": "black",
                "fillColor": random.choice(fill_colors),
            }

        toolbar_button = widgets.ToggleButton(
            value=True,
            tooltip="Toolbar",
            icon="info",
            layout=widgets.Layout(
                width="28px", height="28px", padding="0px 0px 0px 4px"
            ),
        )

        close_button = widgets.ToggleButton(
            value=False,
            tooltip="Close the tool",
            icon="times",
            # button_style="primary",
            layout=widgets.Layout(
                height="28px", width="28px", padding="0px 0px 0px 4px"
            ),
        )

        html = widgets.HTML()
        html.layout.margin = "0px 10px 0px 10px"
        html.layout.max_height = "250px"
        html.layout.max_width = "250px"

        output_widget = widgets.VBox(
            [widgets.HBox([toolbar_button, close_button]), html]
        )
        info_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
            widget=output_widget, position="bottomright"
        )

        if info_mode in ["on_hover", "on_click"]:
            self.add(info_control)

        def toolbar_btn_click(change):
            if change["new"]:
                close_button.value = False
                output_widget.children = [
                    widgets.VBox([widgets.HBox([toolbar_button, close_button]), html])
                ]
            else:
                output_widget.children = [widgets.HBox([toolbar_button, close_button])]

        toolbar_button.observe(toolbar_btn_click, "value")

        def close_btn_click(change):
            if change["new"]:
                toolbar_button.value = False
                if info_control in self.controls:
                    self.remove_control(info_control)
                output_widget.close()

        close_button.observe(close_btn_click, "value")

        if "fields" in kwargs:
            fields = kwargs["fields"]
            kwargs.pop("fields")
        else:
            fields = None

        def update_html(feature, fields=fields, **kwargs):
            if fields is None:
                fields = list(feature["properties"].keys())
                if "style" in fields:
                    fields.remove("style")

            value = [
                "<b>{}: </b>{}<br>".format(prop, feature["properties"][prop])
                for prop in fields
            ]

            value = """{}""".format("".join(value))
            html.value = value

        if fill_colors is not None:
            style_callback = random_color

        if style_callback is None:
            geojson = ipyleaflet.GeoJSON(
                data=data,
                style=style,
                hover_style=hover_style,
                name=layer_name,
            )
        else:
            geojson = ipyleaflet.GeoJSON(
                data=data,
                style=style,
                hover_style=hover_style,
                name=layer_name,
                style_callback=style_callback,
            )

        if info_mode == "on_hover":
            geojson.on_hover(update_html)
        elif info_mode == "on_click":
            geojson.on_click(update_html)

        self.add(geojson)
        self.geojson_layers.append(geojson)

        if not hasattr(self, "json_layer_dict"):
            self.json_layer_dict = {}

        params = {
            "data": geojson,
            "style": style,
            "hover_style": hover_style,
            "style_callback": style_callback,
        }
        self.json_layer_dict[layer_name] = params

        if zoom_to_layer:
            try:
                bounds = gdf.total_bounds
                west, south, east, north = bounds
                self.fit_bounds([[south, east], [north, west]])
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)

    def add_search_control(
        self,
        url: str,
        marker: Optional[ipyleaflet.Marker] = None,
        zoom: Optional[int] = None,
        position: Optional[str] = "topleft",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a search control to the map.

        Args:
            url (str): The url to the search API. For example, "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=json&q={s}".
            marker (ipyleaflet.Marker, optional): The marker to be used for the search result. Defaults to None.
            zoom (int, optional): The zoom level to be used for the search result. Defaults to None.
            position (str, optional): The position of the search control. Defaults to "topleft".
            kwargs (dict, optional): Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the search control. See https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/search_control.html
        """
        if marker is None:
            marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
                icon=ipyleaflet.AwesomeIcon(
                    name="check", marker_color="green", icon_color="darkred"
                )
            )
        search_control = ipyleaflet.SearchControl(
            position=position,
            url=url,
            zoom=zoom,
            marker=marker,
        )
        self.add(search_control)
        self.search_control = search_control

    def add_gdf(
        self,
        gdf,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
        style: Optional[dict] = {},
        hover_style: Optional[dict] = {},
        style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
        fill_colors: Optional[list[str]] = None,
        info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
        zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = False,
        encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a GeoDataFrame to the map.

        Args:
            gdf (GeoDataFrame): A GeoPandas GeoDataFrame.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called
                for each feature, and should return the feature style. This
                styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling
                polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover
                or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will
                be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer. Defaults to False.
            encoding (str, optional): The encoding of the GeoDataFrame. Defaults to "utf-8".
        """
        for col in gdf.columns:
            try:
                if gdf[col].dtype in ["datetime64[ns]", "datetime64[ns, UTC]"]:
                    gdf[col] = gdf[col].astype(str)
            except:
                pass

        self.add_geojson(
            gdf,
            layer_name,
            style,
            hover_style,
            style_callback,
            fill_colors,
            info_mode,
            zoom_to_layer,
            encoding,
            **kwargs,
        )

    def add_gdf_from_postgis(
        self,
        sql: str,
        con,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
        style: Optional[dict] = {},
        hover_style: Optional[dict] = {},
        style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
        fill_colors: Optional[list[str]] = ["black"],
        info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
        zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = True,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Reads a PostGIS database and returns data as a GeoDataFrame to be added to the map.

        Args:
            sql (str): SQL query to execute in selecting entries from database, or name of the table to read from the database.
            con (sqlalchemy.engine.Engine): Active connection to the database to query.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer.
        """
        gdf = read_postgis(sql, con, **kwargs)
        gdf = gdf.to_crs("epsg:4326")
        self.add_gdf(
            gdf,
            layer_name,
            style,
            hover_style,
            style_callback,
            fill_colors,
            info_mode,
            zoom_to_layer,
        )

    def add_kml(
        self,
        in_kml: str,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
        style: Optional[dict] = {},
        hover_style: Optional[dict] = {},
        style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
        fill_colors: Optional[list[str]] = None,
        info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a KML file to the map.

        Args:
            in_kml (str): The input file path or HTTP URL to the KML.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used.
                Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called
                for each feature, and should return the feature style. This
                styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling
                polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover
                or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will
                be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

        Raises:
            FileNotFoundError: The provided KML file could not be found.
        """

        if in_kml.startswith("http") and in_kml.endswith(".kml"):
            out_dir = os.path.abspath("./cache")
            if not os.path.exists(out_dir):
                os.makedirs(out_dir)
            in_kml = download_file(in_kml)
            if not os.path.exists(in_kml):
                raise FileNotFoundError("The downloaded kml file could not be found.")
        else:
            in_kml = os.path.abspath(in_kml)
            if not os.path.exists(in_kml):
                raise FileNotFoundError("The provided KML could not be found.")

        self.add_vector(
            in_kml,
            layer_name,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            style_callback=style_callback,
            fill_colors=fill_colors,
            info_mode=info_mode,
            **kwargs,
        )

    def add_vector(
        self,
        filename: str,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
        bbox: Optional[tuple] = None,
        mask: Optional[dict] = None,
        rows: Optional[tuple[int]] = None,
        style: Optional[dict] = {},
        hover_style: Optional[dict] = {},
        style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
        fill_colors: list[str] = None,
        info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
        zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = False,
        encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds any geopandas-supported vector dataset to the map.

        Args:
            filename (str): Either the absolute or relative path to the file or
                URL to be opened, or any object with a read() method (such as
                an open file or StringIO).
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to "Untitled".
            bbox (tuple | GeoDataFrame or GeoSeries | shapely Geometry, optional):
                Filter features by given bounding box, GeoSeries, GeoDataFrame or
                a shapely geometry. CRS mis-matches are resolved if given a
                GeoSeries or GeoDataFrame. Cannot be used with mask. Defaults to None.
            mask (dict | GeoDataFrame or GeoSeries | shapely Geometry, optional):
                Filter for features that intersect with the given dict-like geojson
                geometry, GeoSeries, GeoDataFrame or shapely geometry. CRS mis-matches
                are resolved if given a GeoSeries or GeoDataFrame. Cannot be used with bbox.
                Defaults to None.
            rows (int or slice, optional): Load in specific rows by passing an
                integer (first n rows) or a slice() object.. Defaults to None.
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used.
                Defaults to {}.
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called
                for each feature, and should return the feature style. This
                styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons.
                Defaults to ["black"].
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover
                or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will
                be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
            encoding (str, optional): The encoding to use to read the file. Defaults to "utf-8".

        """
        import fiona
        import geopandas as gpd

        if isinstance(filename, str) and filename.endswith(".kml"):
            fiona.drvsupport.supported_drivers["KML"] = "rw"
            kwargs["driver"] = "KML"

        gdf = gpd.read_file(
            filename, bbox=bbox, mask=mask, rows=rows, encoding=encoding, **kwargs
        )

        self.add_gdf(
            gdf,
            layer_name,
            style,
            hover_style,
            style_callback,
            fill_colors,
            info_mode,
            zoom_to_layer,
            encoding,
            **kwargs,
        )

    def add_xy_data(
        self,
        in_csv: str,
        x: Optional[str] = "longitude",
        y: Optional[str] = "latitude",
        label: Optional[str] = None,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Marker cluster",
    ) -> None:
        """Adds points from a CSV file containing lat/lon information and display data on the map.

        Args:
            in_csv (str): The file path to the input CSV file.
            x (str, optional): The name of the column containing longitude coordinates. Defaults to "longitude".
            y (str, optional): The name of the column containing latitude coordinates. Defaults to "latitude".
            label (str, optional): The name of the column containing label information to used for marker popup. Defaults to None.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to "Marker cluster".

        Raises:
            FileNotFoundError: The specified input csv does not exist.
            ValueError: The specified x column does not exist.
            ValueError: The specified y column does not exist.
            ValueError: The specified label column does not exist.
        """
        import pandas as pd

        if isinstance(in_csv, pd.DataFrame):
            df = in_csv
        elif not in_csv.startswith("http") and (not os.path.exists(in_csv)):
            raise FileNotFoundError("The specified input csv does not exist.")
        else:
            df = pd.read_csv(in_csv)

        col_names = df.columns.values.tolist()

        if x not in col_names:
            raise ValueError(f"x must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}")

        if y not in col_names:
            raise ValueError(f"y must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}")

        if label is not None and (label not in col_names):
            raise ValueError(
                f"label must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}"
            )

        self.default_style = {"cursor": "wait"}

        points = list(zip(df[y], df[x]))

        if label is not None:
            labels = df[label]
            markers = [
                ipyleaflet.Marker(
                    location=point,
                    draggable=False,
                    popup=widgets.HTML(str(labels[index])),
                )
                for index, point in enumerate(points)
            ]
        else:
            markers = [
                ipyleaflet.Marker(location=point, draggable=False) for point in points
            ]

        marker_cluster = ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(markers=markers, name=layer_name)
        self.add(marker_cluster)

        self.default_style = {"cursor": "default"}

    def add_point_layer(
        self,
        filename: str,
        popup: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Marker Cluster",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a point layer to the map with a popup attribute.

        Args:
            filename (str): str, http url, path object or file-like object. Either the absolute or relative path to the file or URL to be opened, or any object with a read() method (such as an open file or StringIO)
            popup (str | list, optional): Column name(s) to be used for popup. Defaults to None.
            layer_name (str, optional): A layer name to use. Defaults to "Marker Cluster".

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the specified column name does not exist.
            ValueError: If the specified column names do not exist.
        """
        import warnings

        warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
        check_package(name="geopandas", URL="https://geopandas.org")
        import geopandas as gpd
        import fiona

        self.default_style = {"cursor": "wait"}

        if isinstance(filename, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
            gdf = filename
        else:
            if not filename.startswith("http"):
                filename = os.path.abspath(filename)
            ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1].lower()
            if ext == ".kml":
                fiona.drvsupport.supported_drivers["KML"] = "rw"
                gdf = gpd.read_file(filename, driver="KML", **kwargs)
            else:
                gdf = gpd.read_file(filename, **kwargs)
        df = gdf.to_crs(epsg="4326")
        col_names = df.columns.values.tolist()
        if popup is not None:
            if isinstance(popup, str) and (popup not in col_names):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"popup must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}"
                )
            elif isinstance(popup, list) and (
                not all(item in col_names for item in popup)
            ):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"All popup items must be select from: {', '.join(col_names)}"
                )

        df["x"] = df.geometry.x
        df["y"] = df.geometry.y

        points = list(zip(df["y"], df["x"]))

        if popup is not None:
            if isinstance(popup, str):
                labels = df[popup]
                markers = [
                    ipyleaflet.Marker(
                        location=point,
                        draggable=False,
                        popup=widgets.HTML(str(labels[index])),
                    )
                    for index, point in enumerate(points)
                ]
            elif isinstance(popup, list):
                labels = []
                for i in range(len(points)):
                    label = ""
                    for item in popup:
                        label = label + str(item) + ": " + str(df[item][i]) + "<br>"
                    labels.append(label)
                df["popup"] = labels

                markers = [
                    ipyleaflet.Marker(
                        location=point,
                        draggable=False,
                        popup=widgets.HTML(labels[index]),
                    )
                    for index, point in enumerate(points)
                ]

        else:
            markers = [
                ipyleaflet.Marker(location=point, draggable=False) for point in points
            ]

        marker_cluster = ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(markers=markers, name=layer_name)
        self.add(marker_cluster)

        self.default_style = {"cursor": "default"}

    def add_points_from_xy(
        self,
        data: Optional[Union[pd.DataFrame, str]],
        x: Optional[str] = "longitude",
        y: Optional[str] = "latitude",
        popup: Optional[list] = None,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Marker Cluster",
        color_column: Optional[str] = None,
        marker_colors: Optional[str] = None,
        icon_colors: Optional[list[str]] = ["white"],
        icon_names: Optional[list[str]] = ["info"],
        spin: Optional[bool] = False,
        add_legend: Optional[bool] = True,
        max_cluster_radius: Optional[int] = 80,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a marker cluster to the map.

        Args:
            data (str | pd.DataFrame): A csv or Pandas DataFrame containing x, y, z values.
            x (str, optional): The column name for the x values. Defaults to "longitude".
            y (str, optional): The column name for the y values. Defaults to "latitude".
            popup (list, optional): A list of column names to be used as the popup. Defaults to None.
            layer_name (str, optional): The name of the layer. Defaults to "Marker Cluster".
            color_column (str, optional): The column name for the color values. Defaults to None.
            marker_colors (list, optional): A list of colors to be used for the markers. Defaults to None.
            icon_colors (list, optional): A list of colors to be used for the icons. Defaults to ['white'].
            icon_names (list, optional): A list of names to be used for the icons. More icons can be found at https://fontawesome.com/v4/icons. Defaults to ['info'].
            spin (bool, optional): If True, the icon will spin. Defaults to False.
            add_legend (bool, optional): If True, a legend will be added to the map. Defaults to True.
            max_cluster_radius (int, optional): The maximum cluster radius. Defaults to 80.
            **kwargs: Other keyword arguments to pass to ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(). For a list of available options,
                see https://github.com/Leaflet/Leaflet.markercluster.

        """
        import pandas as pd

        color_options = [
            "red",
            "blue",
            "green",
            "purple",
            "orange",
            "darkred",
            "lightred",
            "beige",
            "darkblue",
            "darkgreen",
            "cadetblue",
            "darkpurple",
            "white",
            "pink",
            "lightblue",
            "lightgreen",
            "gray",
            "black",
            "lightgray",
        ]

        if isinstance(data, pd.DataFrame):
            df = data
        elif not data.startswith("http") and (not os.path.exists(data)):
            raise FileNotFoundError("The specified input csv does not exist.")
        elif data.endswith(".csv"):
            df = pd.read_csv(data)
        else:
            import geopandas as gpd

            gdf = gpd.read_file(data)
            df = gdf_to_df(gdf)

        df = points_from_xy(df, x, y)

        col_names = df.columns.values.tolist()

        if color_column is not None and color_column not in col_names:
            raise ValueError(
                f"The color column {color_column} does not exist in the dataframe."
            )

        if color_column is not None:
            items = list(set(df[color_column]))

        else:
            items = None

        if color_column is not None and marker_colors is None:
            if len(items) > len(color_options):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is greater than the number of available colors."
                )
            else:
                marker_colors = color_options[: len(items)]
        elif color_column is not None and marker_colors is not None:
            if len(items) != len(marker_colors):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is not equal to the number of available colors."
                )

        if items is not None:
            if len(icon_colors) == 1:
                icon_colors = icon_colors * len(items)
            elif len(items) != len(icon_colors):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is not equal to the number of available colors."
                )

            if len(icon_names) == 1:
                icon_names = icon_names * len(items)
            elif len(items) != len(icon_names):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is not equal to the number of available colors."
                )

        if "geometry" in col_names:
            col_names.remove("geometry")

        if popup is not None:
            if isinstance(popup, str) and (popup not in col_names):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"popup must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}"
                )
            elif isinstance(popup, list) and (
                not all(item in col_names for item in popup)
            ):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"All popup items must be select from: {', '.join(col_names)}"
                )
        else:
            popup = col_names

        df["x"] = df.geometry.x
        df["y"] = df.geometry.y

        points = list(zip(df["y"], df["x"]))

        if popup is not None:
            if isinstance(popup, str):
                labels = df[popup]

                markers = []
                for index, point in enumerate(points):
                    if items is not None:
                        marker_color = marker_colors[
                            items.index(df[color_column][index])
                        ]
                        icon_name = icon_names[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                        icon_color = icon_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                        marker_icon = ipyleaflet.AwesomeIcon(
                            name=icon_name,
                            marker_color=marker_color,
                            icon_color=icon_color,
                            spin=spin,
                        )
                    else:
                        marker_icon = None

                    marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
                        location=point,
                        draggable=False,
                        popup=widgets.HTML(str(labels[index])),
                        icon=marker_icon,
                    )
                    markers.append(marker)

            elif isinstance(popup, list):
                labels = []
                for i in range(len(points)):
                    label = ""
                    for item in popup:
                        label = (
                            label
                            + "<b>"
                            + str(item)
                            + "</b>"
                            + ": "
                            + str(df[item][i])
                            + "<br>"
                        )
                    labels.append(label)
                df["popup"] = labels

                markers = []
                for index, point in enumerate(points):
                    if items is not None:
                        marker_color = marker_colors[
                            items.index(df[color_column][index])
                        ]
                        icon_name = icon_names[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                        icon_color = icon_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                        marker_icon = ipyleaflet.AwesomeIcon(
                            name=icon_name,
                            marker_color=marker_color,
                            icon_color=icon_color,
                            spin=spin,
                        )
                    else:
                        marker_icon = None

                    marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
                        location=point,
                        draggable=False,
                        popup=widgets.HTML(labels[index]),
                        icon=marker_icon,
                    )
                    markers.append(marker)

        else:
            markers = []
            for point in points:
                if items is not None:
                    marker_color = marker_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                    icon_name = icon_names[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                    icon_color = icon_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                    marker_icon = ipyleaflet.AwesomeIcon(
                        name=icon_name,
                        marker_color=marker_color,
                        icon_color=icon_color,
                        spin=spin,
                    )
                else:
                    marker_icon = None

                marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
                    location=point, draggable=False, icon=marker_icon
                )
                markers.append(marker)

        marker_cluster = ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(
            markers=markers,
            name=layer_name,
            max_cluster_radius=max_cluster_radius,
            **kwargs,
        )
        self.add(marker_cluster)

        if items is not None and add_legend:
            marker_colors = [check_color(c) for c in marker_colors]
            self.add_legend(
                title=color_column.title(), colors=marker_colors, labels=items
            )

        self.default_style = {"cursor": "default"}

    add_marker_cluster = add_points_from_xy

    def add_heatmap(
        self,
        data: Union[str, list, pd.DataFrame],
        latitude: Optional[str] = "latitude",
        longitude: Optional[str] = "longitude",
        value: Optional[str] = "value",
        name: Optional[str] = "Heat map",
        radius: Optional[int] = 25,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a heat map to the map. Reference: https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/heatmap.html

        Args:
            data (str | list | pd.DataFrame): File path or HTTP URL to the input file or a list of data points in the format of [[x1, y1, z1], [x2, y2, z2]]. For example, https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opengeos/leafmap/master/examples/data/world_cities.csv
            latitude (str, optional): The column name of latitude. Defaults to "latitude".
            longitude (str, optional): The column name of longitude. Defaults to "longitude".
            value (str, optional): The column name of values. Defaults to "value".
            name (str, optional): Layer name to use. Defaults to "Heat map".
            radius (int, optional): Radius of each “point” of the heatmap. Defaults to 25.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If data is not a list.
        """
        import pandas as pd
        from ipyleaflet import Heatmap

        try:
            if isinstance(data, str):
                df = pd.read_csv(data)
                data = df[[latitude, longitude, value]].values.tolist()
            elif isinstance(data, pd.DataFrame):
                data = data[[latitude, longitude, value]].values.tolist()
            elif isinstance(data, list):
                pass
            else:
                raise ValueError("data must be a list, a DataFrame, or a file path.")

            heatmap = Heatmap(locations=data, radius=radius, name=name, **kwargs)
            self.add(heatmap)

        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(e)

    def add_labels(
        self,
        data: Union[str, pd.DataFrame],
        column: str,
        font_size: Optional[str] = "12pt",
        font_color: Optional[str] = "black",
        font_family: Optional[str] = "arial",
        font_weight: Optional[str] = "normal",
        x: Optional[str] = "longitude",
        y: Optional[str] = "latitude",
        draggable: Optional[bool] = True,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Labels",
        **kwargs,
    ):
        """Adds a label layer to the map. Reference: https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/divicon.html

        Args:
            data (pd.DataFrame | gpd.GeoDataFrame | str): The input data to label.
            column (str): The column name of the data to label.
            font_size (str, optional): The font size of the labels. Defaults to "12pt".
            font_color (str, optional): The font color of the labels. Defaults to "black".
            font_family (str, optional): The font family of the labels. Defaults to "arial".
            font_weight (str, optional): The font weight of the labels, can be normal, bold. Defaults to "normal".
            x (str, optional): The column name of the longitude. Defaults to "longitude".
            y (str, optional): The column name of the latitude. Defaults to "latitude".
            draggable (bool, optional): Whether the labels are draggable. Defaults to True.
            layer_name (str, optional): Layer name to use. Defaults to "Labels".

        """
        import warnings
        import pandas as pd

        warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

        if isinstance(data, pd.DataFrame):
            df = data
            if "geometry" in data.columns or ("geom" in data.columns):
                df[x] = df.centroid.x
                df[y] = df.centroid.y

        elif isinstance(data, str):
            ext = os.path.splitext(data)[1]
            if ext == ".csv":
                df = pd.read_csv(data)
            elif ext in [".geojson", ".json", ".shp", ".gpkg"]:
                try:
                    import geopandas as gpd

                    df = gpd.read_file(data)
                    df[x] = df.centroid.x
                    df[y] = df.centroid.y
                except Exception as _:
                    print("geopandas is required to read geojson.")
                    return

        else:
            raise ValueError(
                "data must be a pd.DataFrame, gpd.GeoDataFrame, or an ee.FeatureCollection."
            )

        if column not in df.columns:
            raise ValueError(f"column must be one of {', '.join(df.columns)}.")
        if x not in df.columns:
            raise ValueError(f"column must be one of {', '.join(df.columns)}.")
        if y not in df.columns:
            raise ValueError(f"column must be one of {', '.join(df.columns)}.")

        try:
            size = int(font_size.replace("pt", ""))
        except:
            raise ValueError("font_size must be something like '10pt'")

        labels = []
        for index in df.index:
            html = f'<div style="font-size: {font_size};color:{font_color};font-family:{font_family};font-weight: {font_weight}">{df[column][index]}</div>'
            marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
                location=[df[y][index], df[x][index]],
                icon=ipyleaflet.DivIcon(
                    icon_size=(1, 1),
                    icon_anchor=(size, size),
                    html=html,
                    **kwargs,
                ),
                draggable=draggable,
            )
            labels.append(marker)
        layer_group = ipyleaflet.LayerGroup(layers=labels, name=layer_name)
        self.add(layer_group)
        self.labels = layer_group

    def remove_labels(self):
        """Removes all labels from the map."""
        if hasattr(self, "labels"):
            self.remove_layer(self.labels)
            delattr(self, "labels")

    def add_planet_by_month(
        self,
        year: Optional[int] = 2016,
        month: Optional[int] = 1,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = None,
        api_key: Optional[str] = None,
        token_name: Optional[str] = "PLANET_API_KEY",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a Planet global mosaic by month to the map. To get a Planet API key, see https://developers.planet.com/quickstart/apis

        Args:
            year (int, optional): The year of Planet global mosaic, must be >=2016. Defaults to 2016.
            month (int, optional): The month of Planet global mosaic, must be 1-12. Defaults to 1.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to None.
            api_key (str, optional): The Planet API key. Defaults to None.
            token_name (str, optional): The environment variable name of the API key. Defaults to "PLANET_API_KEY".
        """
        if layer_name is None and "name" in kwargs:
            layer_name = kwargs.pop("name")
        layer = planet_tile_by_month(year, month, layer_name, api_key, token_name)
        self.add(layer)

    def add_planet_by_quarter(
        self,
        year: Optional[int] = 2016,
        quarter: Optional[int] = 1,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = None,
        api_key: Optional[str] = None,
        token_name: Optional[str] = "PLANET_API_KEY",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a Planet global mosaic by quarter to the map. To get a Planet API key, see https://developers.planet.com/quickstart/apis

        Args:
            year (int, optional): The year of Planet global mosaic, must be >=2016. Defaults to 2016.
            quarter (int, optional): The quarter of Planet global mosaic, must be 1-12. Defaults to 1.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to None.
            api_key (str, optional): The Planet API key. Defaults to None.
            token_name (str, optional): The environment variable name of the API key. Defaults to "PLANET_API_KEY".
        """
        if layer_name is None and "name" in kwargs:
            layer_name = kwargs.pop("name")
        layer = planet_tile_by_quarter(year, quarter, layer_name, api_key, token_name)
        self.add(layer)

    def add_time_slider(
        self,
        layers: dict = {},
        labels: list = None,
        time_interval: int = 1,
        position: str = "bottomright",
        slider_length: str = "150px",
        zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = False,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a time slider to the map.

        Args:
            layers (dict, optional): The dictionary containing a set of XYZ tile layers.
            labels (list, optional): The list of labels to be used for the time series. Defaults to None.
            time_interval (int, optional): Time interval in seconds. Defaults to 1.
            position (str, optional): Position to place the time slider, can be any of ['topleft', 'topright', 'bottomleft', 'bottomright']. Defaults to "bottomright".
            slider_length (str, optional): Length of the time slider. Defaults to "150px".
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the extent of the selected layer. Defaults to False.

        """
        from .toolbar import time_slider

        time_slider(
            self,
            layers,
            labels,
            time_interval,
            position,
            slider_length,
            zoom_to_layer,
            **kwargs,
        )

    def static_map(
        self,
        width: int = 950,
        height: int = 600,
        out_file: Optional[str] = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Display an ipyleaflet static map in a Jupyter Notebook.

        Args
            m (ipyleaflet.Map): An ipyleaflet map.
            width (int, optional): Width of the map. Defaults to 950.
            height (int, optional): Height of the map. Defaults to 600.
            read_only (bool, optional): Whether to hide the side panel to disable map customization. Defaults to False.
            out_file (str, optional): Output html file path. Defaults to None.
        """
        if isinstance(self, ipyleaflet.Map):
            if out_file is None:
                out_file = "./cache/" + "leafmap_" + random_string(3) + ".html"
            out_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(out_file))
            if not os.path.exists(out_dir):
                os.makedirs(out_dir)

            self.to_html(out_file)
            display_html(out_file, width=width, height=height)
        else:
            raise TypeError("The provided map is not an ipyleaflet map.")

    def add_census_data(
        self, wms: str, layer: str, census_dict: Optional[dict] = None, **kwargs
    ) -> None:
        """Adds a census data layer to the map.

        Args:
            wms (str): The wms to use. For example, "Current", "ACS 2021", "Census 2020".  See the complete list at https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/tigerwebmain/TIGERweb_wms.html
            layer (str): The layer name to add to the map.
            census_dict (dict, optional): A dictionary containing census data. Defaults to None. It can be obtained from the get_census_dict() function.
        """

        try:
            if census_dict is None:
                census_dict = get_census_dict()

            if wms not in census_dict.keys():
                raise ValueError(
                    f"The provided WMS is invalid. It must be one of {census_dict.keys()}"
                )

            layers = census_dict[wms]["layers"]
            if layer not in layers:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"The layer name is not valid. It must be one of {layers}"
                )

            url = census_dict[wms]["url"]
            if "name" not in kwargs:
                kwargs["name"] = layer
            if "attribution" not in kwargs:
                kwargs["attribution"] = "U.S. Census Bureau"
            if "format" not in kwargs:
                kwargs["format"] = "image/png"
            if "transparent" not in kwargs:
                kwargs["transparent"] = True

            self.add_wms_layer(url, layer, **kwargs)

        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(e)

    def add_xyz_service(self, provider: str, **kwargs) -> None:
        """Add a XYZ tile layer to the map.

        Args:
            provider (str): A tile layer name starts with xyz or qms. For example, xyz.OpenTopoMap,

        Raises:
            ValueError: The provider is not valid. It must start with xyz or qms.
        """
        import xyzservices
        import xyzservices.providers as xyz

        if provider.startswith("xyz"):
            name = provider[4:]
            xyz_provider = xyz.flatten()[name]
            url = xyz_provider.build_url()
            attribution = xyz_provider.attribution
            if attribution.strip() == "":
                attribution = " "
            self.add_tile_layer(url, name, attribution)
        elif provider.startswith("qms"):
            name = provider[4:]
            qms_provider = xyzservices.TileProvider.from_qms(name)
            url = qms_provider.build_url()
            attribution = qms_provider.attribution
            if attribution.strip() == "":
                attribution = " "
            self.add_tile_layer(url, name, attribution)
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"The provider {provider} is not valid. It must start with xyz or qms."
            )

    def add_title(
        self,
        title: str,
        align: str = "center",
        font_size: str = "16px",
        style=None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        print("The ipyleaflet map does not support titles.")

    def get_pc_collections(self) -> None:
        """Get the list of Microsoft Planetary Computer collections."""
        if not hasattr(self, "pc_collections"):
            setattr(self, "pc_collections", get_pc_collections())

    def save_draw_features(
        self, out_file: str, crs: Optional[str] = "EPSG:4326", **kwargs
    ) -> None:
        """Save the draw features to a file.

        Args:
            out_file (str): The output file path.
            crs (str, optional): The CRS of the output GeoJSON. Defaults to "EPSG:4326".
        """

        if self.user_rois is not None:
            import geopandas as gpd

            out_file = check_file_path(out_file)

            self.update_draw_features()
            geojson = {
                "type": "FeatureCollection",
                "features": self.draw_features,
            }

            gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(geojson, crs="EPSG:4326")
            if crs != "EPSG:4326":
                gdf = gdf.to_crs(crs)
            gdf.to_file(out_file, **kwargs)
        else:
            print("No draw features to save.")

    def update_draw_features(self) -> None:
        """Update the draw features by removing features that have been edited and no longer exist."""

        geometries = [feature["geometry"] for feature in self.draw_control.data]

        for feature in self.draw_features:
            if feature["geometry"] not in geometries:
                self.draw_features.remove(feature)

    def get_draw_props(
        self, n: Optional[int] = None, return_df: bool = False
    ) -> pd.DataFrame:
        """Get the properties of the draw features.

        Args:
            n (int, optional): The maximum number of attributes to return. Defaults to None.
            return_df (bool, optional): If True, return a pandas dataframe. Defaults to False.

        Returns:
            pd.DataFrame: A pandas dataframe containing the properties of the draw features.
        """

        import pandas as pd

        props = self.edit_props[:]

        for feature in self.draw_features:
            for prop in feature["properties"]:
                if prop not in self.edit_props:
                    self.edit_props.append(prop)
                    props.append(prop)

        if return_df:
            if isinstance(n, int) and n > len(props):
                props = props + [""] * (n - len(props))

            df = pd.DataFrame({"Key": props, "Value": [""] * len(props)})
            df.index += 1
            return df
        else:
            return props

    def update_draw_props(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> None:
        """Update the draw features properties.

        Args:
            df (pd.DataFrame): A pandas dataframe containing the properties of the draw features.
        """

        df.dropna(inplace=True)
        df = df[df["Key"].astype(bool)]
        if len(df) > 0:
            props = df.set_index("Key").to_dict()["Value"]
            if self.draw_control.last_action == "edited":
                self.update_draw_features()
            if len(self.draw_features) > 0:
                if self.draw_control.last_action == "created":
                    self.draw_features[-1]["properties"] = props
                elif self.draw_control.last_action == "edited":
                    for feature in self.draw_features:
                        if (
                            self.draw_control.last_draw["geometry"]
                            == feature["geometry"]
                        ):
                            feature["properties"] = props
            for prop in list(props.keys()):
                if prop not in self.edit_props:
                    self.edit_props.append(prop)

    def edit_vector(self, data: Union[dict, str], **kwargs) -> None:
        """Edit a vector layer.

        Args:
            data (dict | str): The data to edit. It can be a GeoJSON dictionary or a file path.
        """
        if isinstance(data, str):
            check_package("geopandas", "https://geopandas.org")
            import geopandas as gpd

            gdf = gpd.read_file(data, **kwargs)
            geojson = gdf_to_geojson(gdf, epsg=4326, tuple_to_list=True)
        elif isinstance(data, dict):
            geojson = data
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                "The data must be a GeoJSON dictionary or a file path to a vector dataset."
            )
        self.draw_control.data = self.draw_control.data + (geojson["features"])
        self.draw_features = self.draw_features + (geojson["features"])

    def add_velocity(
        self,
        data: str,
        zonal_speed: str,
        meridional_speed: str,
        latitude_dimension: str = "lat",
        longitude_dimension: str = "lon",
        level_dimension: Optional[str] = "lev",
        level_index: int = 0,
        time_index: int = 0,
        velocity_scale: float = 0.01,
        max_velocity: int = 20,
        display_options: Optional[dict] = {},
        name: Optional[str] = "Velocity",
        color_scale: Optional[list] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """Add a velocity layer to the map.

        Args:
            data (str | xr.Dataset): The data to use for the velocity layer. It can be a file path to a NetCDF file or an xarray Dataset.
            zonal_speed (str): Name of the zonal speed in the dataset. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonal_and_meridional_flow.
            meridional_speed (str): Name of the meridional speed in the dataset. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonal_and_meridional_flow.
            latitude_dimension (str, optional): Name of the latitude dimension in the dataset. Defaults to 'lat'.
            longitude_dimension (str, optional): Name of the longitude dimension in the dataset. Defaults to 'lon'.
            level_dimension (str, optional): Name of the level dimension in the dataset. Defaults to 'lev'.
            level_index (int, optional): The index of the level dimension to display. Defaults to 0.
            time_index (int, optional): The index of the time dimension to display. Defaults to 0.
            velocity_scale (float, optional): The scale of the velocity. Defaults to 0.01.
            max_velocity (int, optional): The maximum velocity to display. Defaults to 20.
            display_options (dict, optional): The display options for the velocity layer. Defaults to {}. See https://bit.ly/3uf8t6w.
            name (str, optional): Layer name to use . Defaults to 'Velocity'.
            color_scale (list, optional): List of RGB color values for the velocity vector color scale. Defaults to []. See https://bit.ly/3uf8t6w.

        Raises:
            ImportError: If the xarray package is not installed.
            ValueError: If the data is not a NetCDF file or an xarray Dataset.
        """
        try:
            import xarray as xr
            from ipyleaflet.velocity import Velocity
        except ImportError:
            raise ImportError(
                "The xarray package is required to add a velocity layer. "
                "Please install it with `pip install xarray`."
            )

        if isinstance(data, str):
            if data.startswith("http"):
                data = download_file(data)
            ds = xr.open_dataset(data)

        elif isinstance(data, xr.Dataset):
            ds = data
        else:
            raise ValueError("The data must be a file path or xarray dataset.")

        coords = list(ds.coords.keys())

        # Rasterio does not handle time or levels. So we must drop them
        if "time" in coords:
            ds = ds.isel(time=time_index, drop=True)

        params = {level_dimension: level_index}
        if level_dimension in coords:
            ds = ds.isel(drop=True, **params)

        if color_scale is None:
            color_scale = [
                "rgb(36,104, 180)",
                "rgb(60,157, 194)",
                "rgb(128,205,193)",
                "rgb(151,218,168)",
                "rgb(198,231,181)",
                "rgb(238,247,217)",
                "rgb(255,238,159)",
                "rgb(252,217,125)",
                "rgb(255,182,100)",
                "rgb(252,150,75)",
                "rgb(250,112,52)",
                "rgb(245,64,32)",
                "rgb(237,45,28)",
                "rgb(220,24,32)",
                "rgb(180,0,35)",
            ]

        wind = Velocity(
            data=ds,
            zonal_speed=zonal_speed,
            meridional_speed=meridional_speed,
            latitude_dimension=latitude_dimension,
            longitude_dimension=longitude_dimension,
            velocity_scale=velocity_scale,
            max_velocity=max_velocity,
            display_options=display_options,
            name=name,
            color_scale=color_scale,
        )
        self.add(wind)

    def add_data(
        self,
        data: Union[str, pd.DataFrame],
        column: str,
        colors: Optional[str] = None,
        labels: Optional[str] = None,
        cmap: Optional[str] = None,
        scheme: Optional[str] = "Quantiles",
        k: int = 5,
        add_legend: Optional[bool] = True,
        legend_title: Optional[bool] = None,
        legend_position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
        legend_kwds: Optional[dict] = None,
        classification_kwds: Optional[dict] = None,
        layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
        style: Optional[dict] = None,
        hover_style: Optional[dict] = None,
        style_callback: Optional[dict] = None,
        marker_radius: int = 10,
        marker_args=None,
        info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
        encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Add vector data to the map with a variety of classification schemes.

        Args:
            data (str | pd.DataFrame | gpd.GeoDataFrame): The data to classify. It can be a filepath to a vector dataset, a pandas dataframe, or a geopandas geodataframe.
            column (str): The column to classify.
            cmap (str, optional): The name of a colormap recognized by matplotlib. Defaults to None.
            colors (list, optional): A list of colors to use for the classification. Defaults to None.
            labels (list, optional): A list of labels to use for the legend. Defaults to None.
            scheme (str, optional): Name of a choropleth classification scheme (requires mapclassify).
                Name of a choropleth classification scheme (requires mapclassify).
                A mapclassify.MapClassifier object will be used
                under the hood. Supported are all schemes provided by mapclassify (e.g.
                'BoxPlot', 'EqualInterval', 'FisherJenks', 'FisherJenksSampled',
                'HeadTailBreaks', 'JenksCaspall', 'JenksCaspallForced',
                'JenksCaspallSampled', 'MaxP', 'MaximumBreaks',
                'NaturalBreaks', 'Quantiles', 'Percentiles', 'StdMean',
                'UserDefined'). Arguments can be passed in classification_kwds.
            k (int, optional): Number of classes (ignored if scheme is None or if column is categorical). Default to 5.
            add_legend (bool, optional): Whether to add a legend to the map. Defaults to True.
            legend_title (str, optional): The title of the legend. Defaults to None.
            legend_position (str, optional): The position of the legend. Can be 'topleft', 'topright', 'bottomleft', or 'bottomright'. Defaults to 'bottomright'.
            legend_kwds (dict, optional): Keyword arguments to pass to :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.legend` or `matplotlib.pyplot.colorbar`. Defaults to None.
                Keyword arguments to pass to :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.legend` or
                Additional accepted keywords when `scheme` is specified:
                fmt : string
                    A formatting specification for the bin edges of the classes in the
                    legend. For example, to have no decimals: ``{"fmt": "{:.0f}"}``.
                labels : list-like
                    A list of legend labels to override the auto-generated labblels.
                    Needs to have the same number of elements as the number of
                    classes (`k`).
                interval : boolean (default False)
                    An option to control brackets from mapclassify legend.
                    If True, open/closed interval brackets are shown in the legend.
            classification_kwds (dict, optional): Keyword arguments to pass to mapclassify. Defaults to None.
            layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
            style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to None.
                style is a dictionary of the following form:
                    style = {
                    "stroke": False,
                    "color": "#ff0000",
                    "weight": 1,
                    "opacity": 1,
                    "fill": True,
                    "fillColor": "#ffffff",
                    "fillOpacity": 1.0,
                    "dashArray": "9"
                    "clickable": True,
                }
            hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
                hover_style is a dictionary of the following form:
                    hover_style = {"weight": style["weight"] + 1, "fillOpacity": 0.5}
            style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
                style_callback is a function that takes the feature as argument and should return a dictionary of the following form:
                style_callback = lambda feat: {"fillColor": feat["properties"]["color"]}
            info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
            encoding (str, optional): The encoding of the GeoJSON file. Defaults to "utf-8".
            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the GeoJSON class, such as fields, which can be a list of column names to be included in the popup.

        """

        gdf, legend_dict = classify(
            data=data,
            column=column,
            cmap=cmap,
            colors=colors,
            labels=labels,
            scheme=scheme,
            k=k,
            legend_kwds=legend_kwds,
            classification_kwds=classification_kwds,
        )

        if legend_title is None:
            legend_title = column

        if style is None:
            style = {
                # "stroke": False,
                # "color": "#ff0000",
                "weight": 1,
                "opacity": 1,
                # "fill": True,
                # "fillColor": "#ffffff",
                "fillOpacity": 1.0,
                # "dashArray": "9"
                # "clickable": True,
            }
            if colors is not None:
                style["color"] = "#000000"

        if hover_style is None:
            hover_style = {"weight": style["weight"] + 1, "fillOpacity": 0.5}

        if style_callback is None:
            style_callback = lambda feat: {"fillColor": feat["properties"]["color"]}

        if gdf.geometry.geom_type.unique().tolist()[0] == "Point":
            columns = gdf.columns.tolist()
            if "category" in columns:
                columns.remove("category")
            if "color" in columns:
                columns.remove("color")
            if marker_args is None:
                marker_args = {}
            if "fill_color" not in marker_args:
                marker_args["fill_color"] = gdf["color"].tolist()
            if "stroke" not in marker_args:
                marker_args["stroke"] = False
            if "fill_opacity" not in marker_args:
                marker_args["fill_opacity"] = 0.8

            marker_args["radius"] = marker_radius

            self.add_markers(gdf[columns], layer_name=layer_name, **marker_args)
        else:
            self.add_gdf(
                gdf,
                layer_name=layer_name,
                style=style,
                hover_style=hover_style,
                style_callback=style_callback,
                info_mode=info_mode,
                encoding=encoding,
                **kwargs,
            )
        if add_legend:
            self.add_legend(
                title=legend_title, legend_dict=legend_dict, position=legend_position
            )

    def user_roi_bounds(self, decimals: int = 4) -> list:
        """Get the bounds of the user drawn ROI as a tuple of (minx, miny, maxx, maxy).

        Args:
            decimals (int, optional): The number of decimals to round the coordinates to. Defaults to 4.

        Returns:
            list: The bounds of the user drawn ROI as a tuple of (minx, miny, maxx, maxy).
        """
        if self.user_roi is not None:
            return geometry_bounds(self.user_roi, decimals=decimals)
        else:
            return None

    def add_widget(
        self,
        content: str,
        position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
        add_header: Optional[bool] = False,
        opened: Optional[bool] = True,
        show_close_button: Optional[bool] = True,
        widget_icon: Optional[str] = "gear",
        close_button_icon: Optional[str] = "times",
        widget_args: Optional[dict] = {},
        close_button_args: Optional[dict] = {},
        display_widget=None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Add a widget (e.g., text, HTML, figure) to the map.

        Args:
            content (str | ipywidgets.Widget | object): The widget to add.
            position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "bottomright".
            add_header (bool, optional): Whether to add a header with close buttons to the widget. Defaults to False.
            opened (bool, optional): Whether to open the toolbar. Defaults to True.
            show_close_button (bool, optional): Whether to show the close button. Defaults to True.
            widget_icon (str, optional): The icon name for the toolbar button. Defaults to 'gear'.
            close_button_icon (str, optional): The icon name for the close button. Defaults to "times".
            widget_args (dict, optional): Additional arguments to pass to the toolbar button. Defaults to {}.
            close_button_args (dict, optional): Additional arguments to pass to the close button. Defaults to {}.
            display_widget (ipywidgets.Widget, optional): The widget to be displayed when the toolbar is clicked.
            **kwargs: Additional arguments to pass to the HTML or Output widgets
        """

        allowed_positions = ["topleft", "topright", "bottomleft", "bottomright"]

        if position not in allowed_positions:
            raise Exception(f"position must be one of {allowed_positions}")

        if "layout" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["layout"] = widgets.Layout(padding="0px 4px 0px 4px")
        try:
            if add_header:
                if isinstance(content, str):
                    widget = widgets.HTML(value=content, **kwargs)
                else:
                    widget = content

                widget_template(
                    widget,
                    opened,
                    show_close_button,
                    widget_icon,
                    close_button_icon,
                    widget_args,
                    close_button_args,
                    display_widget,
                    self,
                    position,
                )
            else:
                if isinstance(content, str):
                    widget = widgets.HTML(value=content, **kwargs)
                else:
                    widget = widgets.Output(**kwargs)
                    with widget:
                        display(content)
                control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(widget=widget, position=position)
                self.add(control)

        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(f"Error adding widget: {e}")

    def add_image(self, image, position="bottomright", **kwargs):
        """Add an image to the map.

        Args:
            image (str | ipywidgets.Image): The image to add.
            position (str, optional): The position of the image, can be one of "topleft",
                "topright", "bottomleft", "bottomright". Defaults to "bottomright".

        """

        if isinstance(image, str):
            if image.startswith("http"):
                image = widgets.Image(value=requests.get(image).content, **kwargs)
            elif os.path.exists(image):
                with open(image, "rb") as f:
                    image = widgets.Image(value=f.read(), **kwargs)
        elif isinstance(image, widgets.Image):
            pass
        else:
            raise Exception("Invalid image")

        self.add_widget(image, position=position)

    def add_html(
        self, html: str, position: Optional[str] = "bottomright", **kwargs
    ) -> None:
        """Add HTML to the map.

        Args:
            html (str): The HTML to add.
            position (str, optional): The position of the HTML, can be one of "topleft",
                "topright", "bottomleft", "bottomright". Defaults to "bottomright".
        """
        # Check if an HTML string contains local images and convert them to base64.
        html = check_html_string(html)
        self.add_widget(html, position=position, **kwargs)

    def add_text(
        self,
        text: str,
        fontsize: int = 20,
        fontcolor: int = "black",
        bold: Optional[bool] = False,
        padding: Optional[str] = "5px",
        background: Optional[bool] = True,
        bg_color: Optional[str] = "white",
        border_radius: Optional[str] = "5px",
        position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Add text to the map.

        Args:
            text (str): The text to add.
            fontsize (int, optional): The font size. Defaults to 20.
            fontcolor (str, optional): The font color. Defaults to "black".
            bold (bool, optional): Whether to use bold font. Defaults to False.
            padding (str, optional): The padding. Defaults to "5px".
            background (bool, optional): Whether to use background. Defaults to True.
            bg_color (str, optional): The background color. Defaults to "white".
            border_radius (str, optional): The border radius. Defaults to "5px".
            position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "bottomright".
        """

        if background:
            text = f"""<div style="font-size: {fontsize}px; color: {fontcolor}; font-weight: {'bold' if bold else 'normal'};
            padding: {padding}; background-color: {bg_color};
            border-radius: {border_radius};">{text}</div>"""
        else:
            text = f"""<div style="font-size: {fontsize}px; color: {fontcolor}; font-weight: {'bold' if bold else 'normal'};
            padding: {padding};">{text}</div>"""

        self.add_html(text, position=position, **kwargs)

    def get_bbox(self) -> list:
        """Get the bounds of the map as a list of [(]minx, miny, maxx, maxy].

        Returns:
            list: The bounds of the map as a list of [(]minx, miny, maxx, maxy].
        """
        bounds = self.bounds
        bbox = [bounds[0][1], bounds[0][0], bounds[1][1], bounds[1][0]]
        return bbox

    def oam_search(
        self,
        bbox: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None,
        start_date: str = None,
        end_date: str = None,
        limit: int = 100,
        info_mode: str = "on_click",
        layer_args: Optional[dict] = {},
        add_image: Optional[bool] = True,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """Search OpenAerialMap for images within a bounding box and time range.

        Args:
            bbox (list | str, optional): The bounding box [xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax] to search within. Defaults to None.
            start_date (str, optional): The start date to search within, such as "2015-04-20T00:00:00.000Z". Defaults to None.
            end_date (str, optional): The end date to search within, such as "2015-04-21T00:00:00.000Z". Defaults to None.
            limit (int, optional): The maximum number of results to return. Defaults to 100.
            info_mode (str, optional): The mode to use for the info popup. Can be 'on_hover' or 'on_click'. Defaults to 'on_click'.
            layer_args (dict, optional): The layer arguments for add_gdf() function. Defaults to {}.
            add_image (bool, optional): Whether to add the first 10 images to the map. Defaults to True.
            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the API. See https://hotosm.github.io/oam-api/
        """

        bounds = self.bounds
        if bbox is None:
            if self.user_roi is not None:
                bbox = self.user_roi_bounds()
            else:
                bbox = [bounds[0][1], bounds[0][0], bounds[1][1], bounds[1][0]]

        if self.zoom <= 4:
            print("Zoom in to search for images")
            return None

        gdf = oam_search(
            bbox=bbox, start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date, limit=limit, **kwargs
        )

        if "layer_name" not in layer_args:
            layer_args["layer_name"] = "Footprints"

        if "style" not in layer_args:
            layer_args["style"] = {
                # "stroke": True,
                "color": "#3388ff",
                "weight": 2,
                "opacity": 1,
                # "fill": True,
                # "fillColor": "#ffffff",
                "fillOpacity": 0,
                # "dashArray": "9"
                # "clickable": True,
            }

        if "hover_style" not in layer_args:
            layer_args["hover_style"] = {"weight": layer_args["style"]["weight"] + 2}

        if gdf is not None:
            setattr(self, "oam_gdf", gdf)
            self.add_gdf(gdf, info_mode=info_mode, **layer_args)

            if add_image:
                ids = gdf["_id"].tolist()
                images = gdf["tms"].tolist()

                if len(images) > 5:
                    print(f"Found {len(images)} images. \nShowing the first 5.")

                for index, image in enumerate(images):
                    if index == 5:
                        break
                    self.add_tile_layer(
                        url=image, name=ids[index], attribution="OpenAerialMap"
                    )
        else:
            print("No images found.")

    def set_catalog_source(self, source: Optional[str]) -> None:
        """Set the catalog source.

        Args:
            catalog_source (str, optional): The catalog source. Defaults to "landsat".
        """
        if not isinstance(source, dict):
            raise TypeError(
                "The source must be a dictionary in the format of {label: url, label2:url2}, \
                such as {'Element84': 'https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1'}"
            )
        if not hasattr(self, "_STAC_CATALOGS"):
            self.catalog_source = {}

        self._STAC_CATALOGS = source

    def clear_drawings(self) -> None:
        """Clear drawings on the map."""
        self.draw_control.clear()
        self.draw_features = []
        self.user_rois = None
        self.user_roi = None

    def add_layer_manager(
        self, position: Optional[str] = "topright", opened: bool = True
    ) -> None:
        """Add the Layer Manager to the map.

        Args:
            position (str, optional): The position of the Layer Manager. Defaults to "topright".
        """
        from .toolbar import layer_manager_gui

        layer_manager_gui(self, position, opened)

    def update_layer_manager(self) -> None:
        """Update the Layer Manager."""
        from .toolbar import layer_manager_gui

        self._layer_manager_widget.children = layer_manager_gui(
            self, return_widget=True
        )

    def add_oam_gui(
        self, position: Optional[str] = "topright", opened: bool = True
    ) -> None:
        """Add the OpenAerialMap search widget to the map.

        Args:
            position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".
            opened (bool, optional): Whether the widget is open. Defaults to True.
        """
        from .toolbar import oam_search_gui

        oam_search_gui(self, position, opened)

    def add_stac_gui(self, position: str = "topright", opened: bool = True) -> None:
        """Add the STAC search widget to the map.

        Args:
            position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".
            opened (bool, optional): Whether the widget is open. Defaults to True.
        """
        from .toolbar import stac_gui

        stac_gui(self, position, opened)

    def add_inspector_gui(
        self, position: Optional[str] = "topright", opened: bool = True
    ) -> None:
        """Add the Inspector widget to the map.

        Args:
            position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".
            opened (bool, optional): Whether the widget is open. Defaults to True.
        """

        from .toolbar import inspector_gui

        inspector_gui(self, position, opened)

    def add_basemap_gui(self, position: Optional[str] = "topright") -> None:
        """Add the basemap widget to the map.

        Args:
            position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".
        """
        from .toolbar import change_basemap

        change_basemap(self, position)

    def _add_layer_editor(self, position: str, **kwargs) -> None:
        if self._layer_editor:
            return

        widget = map_widgets.LayerEditor(self, **kwargs)
        widget.on_close = lambda: self.remove("layer_editor")
        control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(widget=widget, position=position)
        super().add(control)

    def _find_widget_of_type(
        self, widget_type: Type, return_control: bool = False
    ) -> Optional[Any]:
        """Finds a widget in the controls with the passed in type."""
        for widget in self.controls:
            if isinstance(widget, ipyleaflet.WidgetControl):
                if isinstance(widget.widget, widget_type):
                    return widget if return_control else widget.widget
            elif isinstance(widget, widget_type):
                return widget
        return None

    def remove(self, widget: Any) -> None:
        """Removes a widget to the map."""

        basic_controls: Dict[str, ipyleaflet.Control] = {
            "layer_editor": map_widgets.LayerEditor,
        }
        if widget_type := basic_controls.get(widget, None):
            if control := self._find_widget_of_type(widget_type, return_control=True):
                self.remove(control)
                control.close()
            return

        super().remove(widget)
        if isinstance(widget, ipywidgets.Widget):
            widget.close()

    def edit_points(
        self,
        data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame", Dict[str, Any]],
        display_props: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        widget_width: str = "250px",
        name: str = "Points",
        radius: int = 5,
        color: str = "white",
        weight: int = 1,
        fill_color: str = "#3388ff",
        fill_opacity: float = 0.6,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Edit points on a map by creating interactive circle markers with popups.

        Args:
            data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]): The data source,
                which can be a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.
            display_props (Optional[List[str]], optional): List of properties to
                display in the popup. Defaults to None.
            widget_width (str, optional): Width of the widget in the popup.
                Defaults to "250px".
            name (str, optional): Name of the layer group. Defaults to "Points".
            radius (int, optional): Initial radius of the circle markers. Defaults to 5.
            color (str, optional): Outline color of the circle markers. Defaults to "white".
            weight (int, optional): Outline weight of the circle markers. Defaults to 1.
            fill_color (str, optional): Fill color of the circle markers. Defaults to "#3388ff".
            fill_opacity (float, optional): Fill opacity of the circle markers. Defaults to 0.6.
            **kwargs (Any): Additional arguments for the CircleMarker.

        Returns:
            None
        """

        import geopandas as gpd
        from ipyleaflet import CircleMarker, Popup

        if isinstance(data, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
            if data.crs != "EPSG:4326":
                data = data.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
            geojson_data = data.__geo_interface__
        elif isinstance(data, str):
            data = gpd.read_file(data)
            if data.crs != "EPSG:4326":
                data = data.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
            geojson_data = data.__geo_interface__
        elif isinstance(data, dict):
            geojson_data = data
        else:
            raise ValueError("The data must be a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.")

        self._geojson_data = geojson_data

        def create_popup_widget(
            circle_marker, properties, original_properties, display_properties=None
        ):
            """Create a popup widget to change circle properties and edit feature attributes."""
            # Widgets for circle properties
            radius_slider = widgets.IntSlider(
                value=circle_marker.radius,
                min=1,
                max=50,
                description="Radius:",
                continuous_update=False,
                layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
            )

            color_picker = widgets.ColorPicker(
                value=circle_marker.color,
                description="Color:",
                continuous_update=False,
                layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
            )

            fill_color_picker = widgets.ColorPicker(
                value=circle_marker.fill_color,
                description="Fill color:",
                continuous_update=False,
                layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
            )

            # Widgets for feature properties
            property_widgets = {}
            display_properties = display_properties or properties.keys()
            for key in display_properties:
                value = properties.get(key, "")
                if isinstance(value, str):
                    widget = widgets.Text(
                        value=value,
                        description=f"{key}:",
                        continuous_update=False,
                        layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
                    )
                elif isinstance(value, (int, float)):
                    widget = widgets.FloatText(
                        value=value,
                        description=f"{key}:",
                        continuous_update=False,
                        layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
                    )
                else:
                    widget = widgets.Label(
                        value=f"{key}: {value}",
                        layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
                    )

                property_widgets[key] = widget

            def update_circle(change):
                """Update circle properties based on widget values."""
                circle_marker.radius = radius_slider.value
                circle_marker.color = color_picker.value
                circle_marker.fill_color = fill_color_picker.value
                for key, widget in property_widgets.items():
                    properties[key] = widget.value

            def reset_circle(change):
                """Reset circle properties to their original values."""
                circle_marker.radius = original_properties["radius"]
                circle_marker.color = original_properties["color"]
                circle_marker.fill_color = original_properties["fill_color"]
                radius_slider.value = original_properties["radius"]
                color_picker.value = original_properties["color"]
                fill_color_picker.value = original_properties["fill_color"]
                for key, widget in property_widgets.items():
                    widget.value = original_properties["properties"].get(key, "")

            # Link widgets to update the circle marker properties and point attributes
            radius_slider.observe(update_circle, "value")
            color_picker.observe(update_circle, "value")
            fill_color_picker.observe(update_circle, "value")
            for widget in property_widgets.values():
                widget.observe(update_circle, "value")

            # Reset button
            reset_button = widgets.Button(
                description="Reset", layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width)
            )
            reset_button.on_click(reset_circle)

            # Arrange widgets in a vertical box with increased width
            vbox = widgets.VBox(
                [radius_slider, color_picker, fill_color_picker]
                + list(property_widgets.values())
                + [reset_button],
                layout=widgets.Layout(
                    width="310px"
                ),  # Set the width of the popup widget
            )
            return vbox

        def create_on_click_handler(circle_marker, properties, display_properties=None):
            """Create an on_click handler with the circle_marker bound."""
            # Save the original properties for reset
            original_properties = {
                "radius": circle_marker.radius,
                "color": circle_marker.color,
                "fill_color": circle_marker.fill_color,
                "properties": properties.copy(),
            }

            def on_click(**kwargs):
                if kwargs.get("type") == "click":
                    # Create a popup widget with controls
                    popup_widget = create_popup_widget(
                        circle_marker,
                        properties,
                        original_properties,
                        display_properties,
                    )
                    popup = Popup(
                        location=circle_marker.location,
                        child=popup_widget,
                        close_button=True,
                        auto_close=False,
                        close_on_escape_key=True,
                        min_width=int(widget_width[:-2]) + 10,
                    )
                    self.add_layer(popup)
                    popup.open = True

            return on_click

        layers = []

        # Iterate over each feature in the GeoJSON data and create a CircleMarker
        for feature in geojson_data["features"]:
            coordinates = feature["geometry"]["coordinates"]
            properties = feature["properties"]

            circle_marker = CircleMarker(
                location=(coordinates[1], coordinates[0]),  # (lat, lon)
                radius=radius,  # Initial radius of the circle
                color=color,  # Outline color
                weight=weight,  # Outline
                fill_color=fill_color,  # Fill color
                fill_opacity=fill_opacity,
                **kwargs,
            )

            # Create and bind the on_click handler for each circle_marker
            circle_marker.on_click(
                create_on_click_handler(circle_marker, properties, display_props)
            )

            # Add the circle marker to the map
            layers.append(circle_marker)

        group = ipyleaflet.LayerGroup(layers=tuple(layers), name=name)
        self.add(group)

    def edit_polygons(
        self,
        data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame", Dict[str, Any]],
        style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        hover_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        name: str = "GeoJSON",
        widget_width: str = "250px",
        info_mode: str = "on_click",
        zoom_to_layer: bool = True,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        """Edit polygons on the map.

        Args:
            data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]): The data to be
                edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.
            style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The style dictionary for
                the polygons. Defaults to None.
            hover_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The hover style
                dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.
            name (str, optional): The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".
            widget_width (str, optional): The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".
            info_mode (str, optional): The mode for displaying information,
                either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer bounds.
                Defaults to True.
            **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.
        """
        from ipyleaflet import GeoJSON, Popup
        from shapely.geometry import shape
        import copy
        import geopandas as gpd
        import json

        bounds = None

        if isinstance(data, str):
            gdf = gpd.read_file(data)
            if gdf.crs != "EPSG:4326":
                gdf = gdf.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
            bounds = gdf.total_bounds
            temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
            gdf.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
            with open(temp_geojson) as f:
                data = json.load(f)
        elif isinstance(data, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
            if data.crs != "EPSG:4326":
                data = data.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
            bounds = data.total_bounds
            temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
            data.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
            with open(temp_geojson) as f:
                data = json.load(f)

        if isinstance(data, dict):
            geojson_data = data
            if zoom_to_layer and (bounds is not None):
                bounds = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(data).total_bounds
        else:
            raise ValueError("The data must be a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.")

        layout = widgets.Layout(width=widget_width)

        if style is None:
            style = {"color": "#3388ff"}
        if hover_style is None:
            hover_style = {"color": "yellow", "weight": 5}

        def calculate_centroid(polygon_coordinates, geom_type):
            polygon = shape({"type": geom_type, "coordinates": polygon_coordinates})
            centroid = polygon.centroid
            return centroid.y, centroid.x  # Return as (lat, lon)

        def create_property_widgets(properties):
            """Dynamically create widgets for each property."""
            widgets_list = []
            for key, value in properties.items():
                if key == "style":
                    continue
                if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
                    widget = widgets.FloatText(
                        value=value, description=f"{key}:", layout=layout
                    )
                else:
                    widget = widgets.Text(
                        value=str(value), description=f"{key}:", layout=layout
                    )
                widget._property_key = (
                    key  # Store the key in the widget for easy access later
                )
                widgets_list.append(widget)
            return widgets_list

        def on_click(event, feature, **kwargs):
            # Dynamically create input widgets for each property
            property_widgets = create_property_widgets(feature["properties"])
            save_button = widgets.Button(description="Save", layout=layout)
            geom_type = feature["geometry"]["type"]
            centroid = calculate_centroid(feature["geometry"]["coordinates"], geom_type)

            # Create and open the popup
            popup_content = widgets.VBox(property_widgets + [save_button])

            popup = Popup(
                location=centroid,
                child=popup_content,
                close_button=True,
                auto_close=True,
                close_on_escape_key=True,
                min_width=int(widget_width[:-2]) + 5,
            )

            self.add_layer(popup)

            def save_changes(_):

                original_data = copy.deepcopy(geojson_layer.data)
                original_feature = copy.deepcopy(feature)
                # Update the properties with the new values
                for widget in property_widgets:
                    feature["properties"][widget._property_key] = widget.value

                for i, f in enumerate(original_data["features"]):
                    if f == original_feature:
                        original_data["features"][i] = feature
                        break

                # Update the GeoJSON layer to reflect the changes

                geojson_layer.data = original_data
                self._geojson_data = original_data

                self.remove_layer(popup)  # Close the popup by removing it from the map

            save_button.on_click(save_changes)

        # Add GeoJSON layer to the map
        geojson_layer = GeoJSON(
            data=geojson_data, style=style, hover_style=hover_style, name=name, **kwargs
        )

        # Attach event to the GeoJSON layer
        if info_mode == "on_click":
            geojson_layer.on_click(on_click)
        elif info_mode == "on_hover":
            geojson_layer.on_hover(on_click)

        # Add layers to map
        self.add_layer(geojson_layer)
        self._geojson_data = geojson_layer.data

        if bounds is not None and zoom_to_layer:
            west, south, east, north = bounds
            self.fit_bounds([[south, east], [north, west]])

    def edit_lines(
        self,
        data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame", Dict[str, Any]],
        style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        hover_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        name: str = "GeoJSON",
        widget_width: str = "250px",
        info_mode: str = "on_click",
        zoom_to_layer: bool = True,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        """Edit lines on the map.

        Args:
            data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]): The data to be
                edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.
            style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The style dictionary for
                the lines. Defaults to None.
            hover_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The hover style
                dictionary for the lines. Defaults to None.
            name (str, optional): The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".
            widget_width (str, optional): The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".
            info_mode (str, optional): The mode for displaying information,
                either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer bounds.
                Defaults to True.
            **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.
        """
        self.edit_polygons(
            data=data,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            name=name,
            widget_width=widget_width,
            info_mode=info_mode,
            zoom_to_layer=zoom_to_layer,
            **kwargs,
        )

    def save_edits(
        self, filename: str, drop_style: bool = True, crs="EPSG:4326", **kwargs: Any
    ) -> None:
        """
        Save the edited GeoJSON data to a file.

        Args:
            filename (str): The name of the file to save the edited GeoJSON data.
            drop_style (bool, optional): Whether to drop the style properties
                from the GeoJSON data. Defaults to True.
            crs (str, optional): The CRS of the GeoJSON data. Defaults to "EPSG:4326".
            **kwargs (Any): Additional arguments passed to the GeoDataFrame `to_file` method.

        Returns:
            None
        """
        import geopandas as gpd

        if not hasattr(self, "_geojson_data"):
            print("No GeoJSON data to save.")
            return

        gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(self._geojson_data)
        if drop_style and "style" in gdf.columns:
            gdf = gdf.drop(columns=["style"])
            gdf.crs = "EPSG:4326"

        if crs != "EPSG:4326":
            gdf = gdf.to_crs(crs)
        gdf.to_file(filename, **kwargs)

    def batch_edit_points(
        self,
        data: Union[str, dict],
        style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        hover_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        changed_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        display_props: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        name: str = "Points",
        text_width: str = "250px",
        zoom_to_layer: bool = True,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        """Batch editing points (CircleMarkers) on the map from GeoJSON data.

        Args:
            data (Union[str, dict]): The GeoJSON data or path to the GeoJSON file.
            style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): Style for the CircleMarkers.
            hover_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): Style for the CircleMarkers on hover.
            changed_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): Style for the CircleMarkers when changed.
            display_props (Optional[List[str]]): List of properties to display in the attribute editor.
            name (str): Name of the layer group.
            text_width (str): Width of the text widgets in the attribute editor.
            zoom_to_layer (bool): Whether to zoom to the layer bounds.
            **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments for the LayerGroup.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.
            ValueError: If the GeoJSON data does not contain only Point geometries.
        """
        import geopandas as gpd
        import json

        bounds = None

        if isinstance(data, str):
            gdf = gpd.read_file(data)
            if gdf.crs != "EPSG:4326":
                gdf = gdf.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
            bounds = gdf.total_bounds
            temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
            gdf.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
            with open(temp_geojson) as f:
                data = json.load(f)
        elif isinstance(data, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
            if data.crs != "EPSG:4326":
                data = data.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
            bounds = data.total_bounds
            temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
            data.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
            with open(temp_geojson) as f:
                data = json.load(f)

        if isinstance(data, dict):
            geojson_data = data
            if zoom_to_layer and (bounds is not None):
                bounds = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(data).total_bounds
        else:
            raise ValueError("The data must be a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.")

        # Ensure the data contains Point geometries
        if not all(
            feature["geometry"]["type"] == "Point"
            for feature in geojson_data["features"]
        ):
            raise ValueError("The GeoJSON data must contain only Point geometries.")

        highlighted_markers = []
        attribute_widgets = {}

        # Create CircleMarker objects for each point in the GeoJSON data
        markers = []

        if style is None:
            style = {
                "radius": 5,
                "weight": 1,
                "color": "white",
                "fill_color": "#3388ff",
                "fill_opacity": 0.6,
            }

        if hover_style is None:
            hover_style = {"color": "purple", "fill_color": "yellow"}

        if changed_style is None:
            changed_style = {"color": "cyan", "fill_color": "red"}

        for feature in data["features"]:
            coords = feature["geometry"]["coordinates"]
            properties = feature["properties"]

            marker = ipyleaflet.CircleMarker(
                location=(
                    coords[1],
                    coords[0],
                ),  # GeoJSON coordinates are (longitude, latitude)
                radius=style.get("radius", 5),
                weight=style.get("weight", 1),
                color=style.get("color", "white"),
                fill_color=style.get("fill_color", "#3388ff"),
                fill_opacity=style.get("fill_opacity", 0.6),
            )
            setattr(marker, "properties", properties)
            markers.append(marker)

        # Create a LayerGroup to hold the markers
        layer_group = ipyleaflet.LayerGroup(layers=markers, name=name, **kwargs)

        # Get the keys from the first feature's properties
        first_feature = data["features"][0]["properties"]

        # If display_props is not provided, show all attributes
        if display_props is None:
            display_props = first_feature.keys()

        text_layout = widgets.Layout(width=text_width)

        # Loop through the specified properties in display_props
        for key in display_props:
            if key in first_feature:  # Ensure the property exists
                attribute_widgets[key] = widgets.Text(
                    description=f"{key}:", layout=text_layout
                )

        # Update button and clear selection button
        button_width = "80px"
        button_layout = widgets.Layout(width=button_width)
        update_button = widgets.Button(description="Update", layout=button_layout)
        clear_button = widgets.Button(description="Clear", layout=button_layout)
        close_button = widgets.Button(description="Close", layout=button_layout)
        output_widget = widgets.Output()

        # Function to highlight the clicked marker and clear attribute fields
        def highlight_marker(marker, **kwargs):
            nonlocal highlighted_markers

            if marker in highlighted_markers:
                highlighted_markers.remove(marker)
                marker.color = style.get("color", "white")
                marker.fill_color = style.get("fill_color", "#3388ff")

            else:
                highlighted_markers.append(marker)
                marker.color = hover_style.get("color", "purple")
                marker.fill_color = hover_style.get("fill_color", "yellow")

        # Function to clear the selection
        def clear_selection(_):
            for marker in highlighted_markers:
                if marker.color != changed_style.get(
                    "color", "cyan"
                ) and marker.fill_color != changed_style.get("fill_color", "red"):
                    marker.color = style.get("color", "white")
                    marker.fill_color = style.get("fill_color", "#3388ff")
            for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
                widget.value = ""
                widget.placeholder = ""
            highlighted_markers.clear()

        def get_geojson_data():
            geojson_data = {"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": []}
            for layer in layer_group.layers:
                feature = {
                    "type": "Feature",
                    "properties": layer.properties,
                    "geometry": {
                        "type": "Point",
                        "coordinates": [layer.location[1], layer.location[0]],
                    },
                }

                geojson_data["features"].append(feature)
                self._geojson_data = geojson_data

        # Function to apply changes to highlighted markers
        def update_highlighted_markers(_):
            output_widget.clear_output()

            changed = False
            for index, marker in enumerate(highlighted_markers):
                for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
                    if widget.value.strip() != "":
                        changed = True
                        if isinstance(marker.properties[key], int):
                            try:
                                marker.properties[key] = int(widget.value)
                            except ValueError as e:
                                if index == 0:
                                    with output_widget:
                                        print(f"{key} must be an integer.")
                        elif isinstance(marker.properties[key], float):
                            try:
                                marker.properties[key] = float(widget.value)
                            except ValueError as e:
                                if index == 0:
                                    with output_widget:
                                        print(f"{key} must be a float.")
                        else:
                            marker.properties[key] = widget.value

                # Apply changed_style if defined
                if changed:
                    marker.color = changed_style.get("color", "cyan")
                    marker.fill_color = changed_style.get("fill_color", "red")
                else:
                    if index == 0:
                        with output_widget:
                            print("No changes to apply.")

            if changed:
                clear_selection(None)
                for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
                    widget.value = ""
                get_geojson_data()

        # Function to populate attribute fields on hover
        def populate_hover_attributes(marker, **kwargs):
            for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
                widget.value = ""
                widget.placeholder = str(marker.properties.get(key, ""))

        # Register click event to highlight markers
        for marker in markers:
            marker.on_click(lambda m=marker, **kwargs: highlight_marker(m))
            marker.on_mouseover(lambda m=marker, **kwargs: populate_hover_attributes(m))

        # Add the LayerGroup of markers to the map
        self.add_layer(layer_group)

        # Add event listeners to the buttons
        update_button.on_click(update_highlighted_markers)
        clear_button.on_click(clear_selection)

        # Create a VBox to hold the widgets for editing attributes and the buttons
        buttons = widgets.HBox([update_button, clear_button, close_button])
        attribute_editor = widgets.VBox(
            [*attribute_widgets.values(), buttons, output_widget]
        )

        # Embed the attribute editor inside the map using WidgetControl
        widget_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
            widget=attribute_editor, position="topright"
        )
        self.add_control(widget_control)

        def close_widget_control(_):
            self.remove(widget_control)

        close_button.on_click(close_widget_control)

        # Optionally zoom to the bounds of the points
        if zoom_to_layer:
            bounds = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(data).total_bounds
            west, south, east, north = bounds
            self.fit_bounds([[south, west], [north, east]])

    def batch_edit_polygons(
        self,
        data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame", Dict[str, Any]],
        style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        hover_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        highlight_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        changed_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        display_props: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        name: str = "GeoJSON",
        text_width: str = "250px",
        zoom_to_layer: bool = True,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        """Batch editing polygons on the map.

        Args:
            data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]): The data to be
                edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.
            style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The style dictionary for
                the polygons. Defaults to None.
            hover_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The hover style
                dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.
            name (str, optional): The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".
            widget_width (str, optional): The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".
            info_mode (str, optional): The mode for displaying information,
                either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer bounds.
                Defaults to True.
            **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.
        """
        from ipyleaflet import GeoJSON
        import copy
        import geopandas as gpd
        import json

        bounds = None
        if isinstance(data, str):
            gdf = gpd.read_file(data)
            if gdf.crs != "EPSG:4326":
                gdf = gdf.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
            bounds = gdf.total_bounds
            temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
            gdf.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
            with open(temp_geojson) as f:
                data = json.load(f)
        elif isinstance(data, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
            if data.crs != "EPSG:4326":
                data = data.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
            bounds = data.total_bounds
            temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
            data.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
            with open(temp_geojson) as f:
                data = json.load(f)

        if isinstance(data, dict):
            data = data
            if zoom_to_layer and (bounds is not None):
                bounds = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(data).total_bounds
        else:
            raise ValueError("The data must be a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.")

        if style is None:
            style = {"color": "#3388ff"}

        if hover_style is None:
            hover_style = {"color": "yellow", "dashArray": "0", "fillOpacity": 0.3}

        if highlight_style is None:
            highlight_style = {
                "color": "#3388ff",
                "fillColor": "yellow",
                "weight": 3,
                "fillOpacity": 0.5,
            }

        if changed_style is None:
            changed_style = {
                "color": "#3388ff",
                "fillColor": "red",
                "weight": 3,
                "fillOpacity": 0.3,
            }

        # List to store the IDs of highlighted features
        highlighted_features = []

        # Create a dictionary to hold attribute widgets
        attribute_widgets = {}

        # Get the keys from the first feature to dynamically create widgets
        first_feature = data["features"][0]["properties"]

        # If display_props is not provided, show all attributes
        if display_props is None:
            display_props = first_feature.keys()

        text_layout = widgets.Layout(width=text_width)
        # Loop through only the specified properties in display_props
        for key in display_props:
            if key in first_feature:  # Ensure the property exists
                attribute_widgets[key] = widgets.Text(
                    description=f"{key.capitalize()}:", layout=text_layout
                )

        # Update button and clear selection button
        button_width = "80px"
        button_layout = widgets.Layout(width=button_width)
        update_button = widgets.Button(description="Update", layout=button_layout)
        clear_button = widgets.Button(description="Clear", layout=button_layout)
        close_button = widgets.Button(description="Close", layout=button_layout)
        output_widget = widgets.Output()

        # Function to highlight the clicked feature and clear attribute fields
        def highlight_feature(event, feature, **kwargs):
            nonlocal highlighted_features
            original_data = copy.deepcopy(geojson_layer.data)

            for index, f in enumerate(original_data["features"]):
                if f == feature:
                    if index in highlighted_features:
                        highlighted_features.remove(index)
                        original_data["features"][index]["properties"]["style"] = style
                    else:
                        highlighted_features.append(index)
                        original_data["features"][index]["properties"][
                            "style"
                        ] = highlight_style

            geojson_layer.data = original_data

        # Function to clear the selection
        def clear_selection(_):
            original_data = copy.deepcopy(geojson_layer.data)

            # Reset the style for all highlighted features
            for index in highlighted_features:
                if (
                    original_data["features"][index]["properties"]["style"]
                    != changed_style
                ):
                    original_data["features"][index]["properties"]["style"] = style

            highlighted_features.clear()
            geojson_layer.data = original_data

        # Function to apply changes to highlighted features
        def update_highlighted_features(_):
            output_widget.clear_output()
            original_data = copy.deepcopy(geojson_layer.data)

            # Update the properties for all highlighted features
            for index in highlighted_features:
                for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
                    if widget.value.strip() != "":
                        dtype = type(
                            original_data["features"][index]["properties"][key]
                        )
                        if dtype == str:
                            value = str(widget.value)
                        elif dtype == int:
                            try:
                                value = int(widget.value)
                            except ValueError:
                                with output_widget:
                                    print(f"Invalid value for {key}")
                                    continue
                        elif dtype == float:
                            try:
                                value = float(widget.value)
                            except ValueError:
                                with output_widget:
                                    print(f"Invalid value for {key}")
                                    continue
                        else:
                            value = widget.value
                        original_data["features"][index]["properties"][key] = value
                        original_data["features"][index]["properties"][
                            "style"
                        ] = changed_style

            geojson_layer.data = original_data
            self._geojson_data = original_data
            clear_selection(None)
            for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
                widget.value = ""

        # Function to populate attribute fields on hover
        def populate_hover_attributes(event, feature, **kwargs):
            # Populate the widget fields with the hovered feature's attributes
            for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
                if widget.value.strip() == "":
                    widget.value = ""
                    widget.placeholder = str(feature["properties"].get(key, ""))

        # Create the GeoJSON layer
        geojson_layer = GeoJSON(
            data=data,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            name=name,
        )

        # Add click event to highlight features and clear attribute fields
        geojson_layer.on_click(highlight_feature)

        # Add hover event to populate attribute fields
        geojson_layer.on_hover(populate_hover_attributes)

        # Add the GeoJSON layer to the map
        self.add_layer(geojson_layer)

        # Add event listeners to the buttons
        update_button.on_click(update_highlighted_features)
        clear_button.on_click(clear_selection)

        # Create a VBox to hold the widgets for editing attributes and the buttons
        buttons = widgets.HBox([update_button, clear_button, close_button])
        attribute_editor = widgets.VBox(
            [*attribute_widgets.values(), buttons, output_widget]
        )

        # Embed the attribute editor inside the map using WidgetControl
        widget_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
            widget=attribute_editor, position="topright"
        )
        self.add_control(widget_control)

        def close_widget_control(_):
            self.remove(widget_control)

        close_button.on_click(close_widget_control)

        # Add layers to map
        self._geojson_data = geojson_layer.data

        if bounds is not None and zoom_to_layer:
            west, south, east, north = bounds
            self.fit_bounds([[south, east], [north, west]])

    def batch_edit_lines(
        self,
        data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame", Dict[str, Any]],
        style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        hover_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        highlight_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        changed_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        display_props: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        name: str = "GeoJSON",
        text_width: str = "250px",
        zoom_to_layer: bool = True,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        """Batch editing lines on the map.

        Args:
            data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]): The data to be
                edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.
            style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The style dictionary for
                the polygons. Defaults to None.
            hover_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The hover style
                dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.
            name (str, optional): The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".
            widget_width (str, optional): The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".
            info_mode (str, optional): The mode for displaying information,
                either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".
            zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer bounds.
                Defaults to True.
            **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.
        """
        self.batch_edit_polygons(
            data=data,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            highlight_style=highlight_style,
            changed_style=changed_style,
            display_props=display_props,
            name=name,
            text_width=text_width,
            zoom_to_layer=zoom_to_layer,
            **kwargs,
        )

    def add_nwi(
        self,
        data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame"],
        col_name: str = "WETLAND_TY",
        add_legend: bool = True,
        style_callback: Optional[Callable[[dict], dict]] = None,
        layer_name: str = "Wetlands",
        **kwargs,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Adds National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) data to the map.

        Args:
            data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame]): The NWI data to add. It can be a file path or a GeoDataFrame.
            col_name (str): The column name in the GeoDataFrame that contains the wetland types.
            add_legend (bool): Whether to add a legend to the map. Defaults to True.
            style_callback (Optional[Callable[[dict], dict]]): A callback function to style the features. Defaults to None.
            layer_name (str): The name of the layer to add. Defaults to "Wetlands".
            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the add_vector or add_gdf method.

        Returns:
            None
        """

        nwi = {
            "Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland": "#008837",
            "Freshwater Emergent Wetland": "#7fc31c",
            "Freshwater Pond": "#688cc0",
            "Estuarine and Marine Wetland": "#66c2a5",
            "Riverine": "#0190bf",
            "Lake": "#13007c",
            "Estuarine and Marine Deepwater": "#007c88",
            "Other": "#b28656",
        }

        def nwi_color(feature):
            return {
                "color": "black",
                "fillColor": (
                    nwi[feature["properties"][col_name]]
                    if feature["properties"][col_name] in nwi
                    else "gray"
                ),
                "fillOpacity": 0.6,
                "weight": 1,
            }

        if style_callback is None:
            style_callback = nwi_color

        if isinstance(data, str):
            self.add_vector(
                data, style_callback=style_callback, layer_name=layer_name, **kwargs
            )
        else:
            self.add_gdf(
                data, style_callback=style_callback, layer_name=layer_name, **kwargs
            )
        if add_legend:
            self.add_legend(title="Wetland Type", builtin_legend="NWI")

    def add_nlcd(self, years: list = [2023], add_legend: bool = True, **kwargs) -> None:
        """
        Adds National Land Cover Database (NLCD) data to the map.

        Args:
            years (list): A list of years to add. It can be any of 1985-2023. Defaults to [2023].
            add_legend (bool): Whether to add a legend to the map. Defaults to True.
            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the add_cog_layer method.

        Returns:
            None
        """
        allowed_years = list(range(1985, 2024, 1))
        url = (
            "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mrlc/Annual_NLCD_LndCov_{}_CU_C1V0.tif"
        )

        if "colormap" not in kwargs:

            kwargs["colormap"] = {
                "11": "#466b9f",
                "12": "#d1def8",
                "21": "#dec5c5",
                "22": "#d99282",
                "23": "#eb0000",
                "24": "#ab0000",
                "31": "#b3ac9f",
                "41": "#68ab5f",
                "42": "#1c5f2c",
                "43": "#b5c58f",
                "51": "#af963c",
                "52": "#ccb879",
                "71": "#dfdfc2",
                "72": "#d1d182",
                "73": "#a3cc51",
                "74": "#82ba9e",
                "81": "#dcd939",
                "82": "#ab6c28",
                "90": "#b8d9eb",
                "95": "#6c9fb8",
            }

        if "zoom_to_layer" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["zoom_to_layer"] = False

        for year in years:
            if year not in allowed_years:
                raise ValueError(f"Year must be one of {allowed_years}.")
            year_url = url.format(year)
            self.add_cog_layer(year_url, name=f"NLCD {year}", **kwargs)
        if add_legend:
            self.add_legend(title="NLCD Land Cover Type", builtin_legend="NLCD")

    def add_nlcd_ts(
        self,
        left_year: int = 1985,
        right_layer: int = 2023,
        widget_width: str = "70px",
        add_legend: bool = True,
        add_layer_control: bool = True,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Adds a time series comparison of NLCD (National Land Cover Database) layers to the map.

        Args:
            left_year (int, optional): The initial year for the left layer. Defaults to 1985.
            right_layer (int, optional): The initial year for the right layer. Defaults to 2023.
            widget_width (str, optional): The width of the dropdown widgets. Defaults to "70px".
            add_legend (bool, optional): If True, adds a legend to the map. Defaults to True.
            add_layer_control (bool, optional): If True, adds a layer control to the map. Defaults to True.
            **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments to pass to the cog_tile function.

        Returns:
            None
        """

        allowed_years = list(range(1985, 2024, 1))

        left_widget = widgets.Dropdown(
            options=allowed_years,
            value=left_year,
            style={"description_width": "initial"},
            layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
        )
        right_widget = widgets.Dropdown(
            options=allowed_years,
            value=right_layer,
            style={"description_width": "initial"},
            layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
        )

        left_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(widget=left_widget, position="topleft")
        right_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
            widget=right_widget, position="topright"
        )

        self.add(left_control)
        self.add(right_control)

        url = (
            "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mrlc/Annual_NLCD_LndCov_{}_CU_C1V0.tif"
        )

        colormap = {
            "11": "#466b9f",
            "12": "#d1def8",
            "21": "#dec5c5",
            "22": "#d99282",
            "23": "#eb0000",
            "24": "#ab0000",
            "31": "#b3ac9f",
            "41": "#68ab5f",
            "42": "#1c5f2c",
            "43": "#b5c58f",
            "51": "#af963c",
            "52": "#ccb879",
            "71": "#dfdfc2",
            "72": "#d1d182",
            "73": "#a3cc51",
            "74": "#82ba9e",
            "81": "#dcd939",
            "82": "#ab6c28",
            "90": "#b8d9eb",
            "95": "#6c9fb8",
        }
        left_url = url.format(left_year)
        right_url = url.format(right_layer)
        left_tile = cog_tile(left_url, colormap=colormap, **kwargs)
        right_tile = cog_tile(right_url, colormap=colormap, **kwargs)
        left_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(url=left_tile, name=f"NLCD {left_year}")
        right_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(url=right_tile, name=f"NLCD {right_layer}")
        split_control = ipyleaflet.SplitMapControl(
            left_layer=left_layer, right_layer=right_layer
        )
        self.add(split_control)

        if add_layer_control:
            self.add_layer_control()

        if add_legend:
            self.add_legend(title="NLCD Land Cover Type", builtin_legend="NLCD")

        def change_left_year(change):
            left_tile = cog_tile(url.format(change.new), colormap=colormap, **kwargs)
            left_layer.url = left_tile
            left_layer.name = f"NLCD {change.new}"

        def change_right_year(change):
            right_tile = cog_tile(url.format(change.new), colormap=colormap, **kwargs)
            right_layer.url = right_tile
            right_layer.name = f"NLCD {change.new}"

        left_widget.observe(change_left_year, names="value")
        right_widget.observe(change_right_year, names="value")

add(self, obj, index=None, **kwargs)

Adds a layer to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
layer object

The layer to add to the map.

required
index int

The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.

None
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add(self, obj, index=None, **kwargs) -> None:
    """Adds a layer to the map.

    Args:
        layer (object): The layer to add to the map.
        index (int, optional): The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.
    """
    if isinstance(obj, str):
        if obj in basemaps.keys():
            obj = get_basemap(obj)
        else:
            if obj == "nasa_earth_data":
                from .toolbar import nasa_data_gui

                nasa_data_gui(self, **kwargs)
            elif obj == "inspector":
                from .toolbar import inspector_gui

                inspector_gui(self, **kwargs)

            elif obj == "stac":
                self.add_stac_gui(**kwargs)
            elif obj == "basemap":
                self.add_basemap_gui(**kwargs)
            elif obj == "inspector":
                self.add_inspector_gui(**kwargs)
            elif obj == "layer_manager":
                self.add_layer_manager(**kwargs)
            elif obj == "oam":
                self.add_oam_gui(**kwargs)
            return

    super().add(obj, index=index)

    if hasattr(self, "_layer_manager_widget"):
        self.update_layer_manager()

add_basemap(self, basemap='HYBRID', show=True, **kwargs)

Adds a basemap to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
basemap str

Can be one of string from basemaps. Defaults to 'HYBRID'.

'HYBRID'
visible bool

Whether the basemap is visible or not. Defaults to True.

required
**kwargs

Keyword arguments for the TileLayer.

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_basemap(self, basemap="HYBRID", show=True, **kwargs) -> None:
    """Adds a basemap to the map.

    Args:
        basemap (str, optional): Can be one of string from basemaps. Defaults to 'HYBRID'.
        visible (bool, optional): Whether the basemap is visible or not. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Keyword arguments for the TileLayer.
    """
    import xyzservices

    try:
        layer_names = self.get_layer_names()

        map_dict = {
            "ROADMAP": "Google Maps",
            "SATELLITE": "Google Satellite",
            "TERRAIN": "Google Terrain",
            "HYBRID": "Google Hybrid",
        }

        if isinstance(basemap, str):
            if basemap.upper() in map_dict:
                layer = get_google_map(basemap.upper(), **kwargs)
                layer.visible = show
                self.add(layer)
                return

        if isinstance(basemap, xyzservices.TileProvider):
            name = basemap.name
            url = basemap.build_url()
            attribution = basemap.attribution
            if "max_zoom" in basemap.keys():
                max_zoom = basemap["max_zoom"]
            else:
                max_zoom = 22
            layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                url=url,
                name=name,
                max_zoom=max_zoom,
                attribution=attribution,
                visible=show,
                **kwargs,
            )
            self.add(layer)
            arc_add_layer(url, name)
        elif basemap in basemaps and basemaps[basemap].name not in layer_names:
            self.add(basemap)
            self.layers[-1].visible = show
            for param in kwargs:
                setattr(self.layers[-1], param, kwargs[param])
            arc_add_layer(basemaps[basemap].url, basemap)
        elif basemap in basemaps and basemaps[basemap].name in layer_names:
            print(f"{basemap} has been already added before.")
        else:
            print(
                "Basemap can only be one of the following:\n  {}".format(
                    "\n  ".join(basemaps.keys())
                )
            )

    except Exception as e:
        raise ValueError(
            "Basemap can only be one of the following:\n  {}".format(
                "\n  ".join(basemaps.keys())
            )
        )

add_basemap_gui(self, position='topright')

Add the basemap widget to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
position str

The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".

'topright'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_basemap_gui(self, position: Optional[str] = "topright") -> None:
    """Add the basemap widget to the map.

    Args:
        position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".
    """
    from .toolbar import change_basemap

    change_basemap(self, position)

add_census_data(self, wms, layer, census_dict=None, **kwargs)

Adds a census data layer to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
wms str

The wms to use. For example, "Current", "ACS 2021", "Census 2020". See the complete list at https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/tigerwebmain/TIGERweb_wms.html

required
layer str

The layer name to add to the map.

required
census_dict dict

A dictionary containing census data. Defaults to None. It can be obtained from the get_census_dict() function.

None
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_census_data(
    self, wms: str, layer: str, census_dict: Optional[dict] = None, **kwargs
) -> None:
    """Adds a census data layer to the map.

    Args:
        wms (str): The wms to use. For example, "Current", "ACS 2021", "Census 2020".  See the complete list at https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/tigerwebmain/TIGERweb_wms.html
        layer (str): The layer name to add to the map.
        census_dict (dict, optional): A dictionary containing census data. Defaults to None. It can be obtained from the get_census_dict() function.
    """

    try:
        if census_dict is None:
            census_dict = get_census_dict()

        if wms not in census_dict.keys():
            raise ValueError(
                f"The provided WMS is invalid. It must be one of {census_dict.keys()}"
            )

        layers = census_dict[wms]["layers"]
        if layer not in layers:
            raise ValueError(
                f"The layer name is not valid. It must be one of {layers}"
            )

        url = census_dict[wms]["url"]
        if "name" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["name"] = layer
        if "attribution" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["attribution"] = "U.S. Census Bureau"
        if "format" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["format"] = "image/png"
        if "transparent" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["transparent"] = True

        self.add_wms_layer(url, layer, **kwargs)

    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(e)

add_circle_markers_from_xy(self, data, x='lon', y='lat', radius=10, popup=None, font_size=2, stroke=True, color='#0033FF', weight=2, fill=True, fill_color=None, fill_opacity=0.2, opacity=1.0, layer_name='Circle Markers', **kwargs)

Adds a marker cluster to the map. For a list of options, see https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_modules/ipyleaflet/leaflet.html#Path

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data str | pd.DataFrame

A csv or Pandas DataFrame containing x, y, z values.

required
x str

The column name for the x values. Defaults to "lon".

'lon'
y str

The column name for the y values. Defaults to "lat".

'lat'
radius int

The radius of the circle. Defaults to 10.

10
popup list

A list of column names to be used as the popup. Defaults to None.

None
font_size int

The font size of the popup. Defaults to 2.

2
stroke bool

Whether to stroke the path. Defaults to True.

True
color str

The color of the path. Defaults to "#0033FF".

'#0033FF'
weight int

The weight of the path. Defaults to 2.

2
fill bool

Whether to fill the path with color. Defaults to True.

True
fill_color str

The fill color of the path. Defaults to None.

None
fill_opacity float

The fill opacity of the path. Defaults to 0.2.

0.2
opacity float

The opacity of the path. Defaults to 1.0.

1.0
layer_name str

The layer name to use for the marker cluster. Defaults to "Circle Markers".

'Circle Markers'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_circle_markers_from_xy(
    self,
    data,
    x="lon",
    y="lat",
    radius=10,
    popup=None,
    font_size=2,
    stroke=True,
    color="#0033FF",
    weight=2,
    fill=True,
    fill_color=None,
    fill_opacity=0.2,
    opacity=1.0,
    layer_name="Circle Markers",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a marker cluster to the map. For a list of options, see https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_modules/ipyleaflet/leaflet.html#Path

    Args:
        data (str | pd.DataFrame): A csv or Pandas DataFrame containing x, y, z values.
        x (str, optional): The column name for the x values. Defaults to "lon".
        y (str, optional): The column name for the y values. Defaults to "lat".
        radius (int, optional): The radius of the circle. Defaults to 10.
        popup (list, optional): A list of column names to be used as the popup. Defaults to None.
        font_size (int, optional): The font size of the popup. Defaults to 2.
        stroke (bool, optional): Whether to stroke the path. Defaults to True.
        color (str, optional): The color of the path. Defaults to "#0033FF".
        weight (int, optional): The weight of the path. Defaults to 2.
        fill (bool, optional): Whether to fill the path with color. Defaults to True.
        fill_color (str, optional): The fill color of the path. Defaults to None.
        fill_opacity (float, optional): The fill opacity of the path. Defaults to 0.2.
        opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the path. Defaults to 1.0.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use for the marker cluster. Defaults to "Circle Markers".

    """
    import pandas as pd
    import geopandas as gpd

    if isinstance(data, pd.DataFrame) or isinstance(data, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
        df = data
    elif not data.startswith("http") and (not os.path.exists(data)):
        raise FileNotFoundError("The specified input csv does not exist.")
    elif isinstance(data, str) and data.endswith(".csv"):
        df = pd.read_csv(data)
    else:
        df = gpd.read_file(data)

    col_names = df.columns.values.tolist()
    if "geometry" in col_names:
        col_names.remove("geometry")

    if popup is None:
        popup = col_names

    if not isinstance(popup, list):
        popup = [popup]

    if x not in col_names:
        if isinstance(df, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
            df[x] = df.geometry.x
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"x must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}"
            )

    if y not in col_names:
        if isinstance(df, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
            df[y] = df.geometry.y
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"y must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}"
            )

    if fill_color is None:
        fill_color = color

    if isinstance(color, str):
        colors = [color] * len(df)
    elif isinstance(color, list):
        colors = color
    else:
        raise ValueError("color must be either a string or a list.")

    if isinstance(fill_color, str):
        fill_colors = [fill_color] * len(df)
    elif isinstance(fill_color, list):
        fill_colors = fill_color
    else:
        raise ValueError("fill_color must be either a string or a list.")

    if isinstance(radius, int):
        radius = [radius] * len(df)
    elif isinstance(radius, list):
        radius = radius
    else:
        raise ValueError("radius must be either an integer or a list.")

    index = 0

    layers = []
    for idx, row in df.iterrows():
        html = ""
        for p in popup:
            html = (
                html
                + f"<font size='{font_size}'><b>"
                + p
                + "</b>"
                + ": "
                + str(row[p])
                + "<br></font>"
            )
        popup_html = widgets.HTML(html)

        marker = ipyleaflet.CircleMarker(
            location=[row[y], row[x]],
            radius=radius[index],
            popup=popup_html,
            stroke=stroke,
            color=colors[index],
            weight=weight,
            fill=fill,
            fill_color=fill_colors[index],
            fill_opacity=fill_opacity,
            opacity=opacity,
            **kwargs,
        )
        layers.append(marker)
        index += 1

    group = ipyleaflet.LayerGroup(layers=tuple(layers), name=layer_name)
    self.add(group)

add_cog_layer(self, url, name='Untitled', attribution='', opacity=1.0, shown=True, bands=None, titiler_endpoint=None, zoom_to_layer=True, layer_index=None, **kwargs)

Adds a COG TileLayer to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The URL of the COG tile layer.

required
name str

The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'Untitled'.

'Untitled'
attribution str

The attribution to use. Defaults to ''.

''
opacity float

The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.

1.0
shown bool

A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.

True
bands list

A list of bands to use for the layer. Defaults to None.

None
titiler_endpoint str

Titiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://titiler.xyz".

None
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the layer extent. Defaults to True.

True
layer_index int

The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.

None
**kwargs

Arbitrary keyword arguments, including bidx, expression, nodata, unscale, resampling, rescale, color_formula, colormap, colormap_name, return_mask. See https://developmentseed.org/titiler/endpoints/cog/ and https://cogeotiff.github.io/rio-tiler/colormap/. To select a certain bands, use bidx=[1, 2, 3]. apply a rescaling to multiple bands, use something like rescale=["164,223","130,211","99,212"].

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_cog_layer(
    self,
    url,
    name="Untitled",
    attribution="",
    opacity=1.0,
    shown=True,
    bands=None,
    titiler_endpoint=None,
    zoom_to_layer=True,
    layer_index=None,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a COG TileLayer to the map.

    Args:
        url (str): The URL of the COG tile layer.
        name (str, optional): The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'Untitled'.
        attribution (str, optional): The attribution to use. Defaults to ''.
        opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.
        shown (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.
        bands (list, optional): A list of bands to use for the layer. Defaults to None.
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): Titiler endpoint. Defaults to "https://titiler.xyz".
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer extent. Defaults to True.
        layer_index (int, optional): The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.
        **kwargs: Arbitrary keyword arguments, including bidx, expression, nodata, unscale, resampling, rescale,
            color_formula, colormap, colormap_name, return_mask. See https://developmentseed.org/titiler/endpoints/cog/
            and https://cogeotiff.github.io/rio-tiler/colormap/. To select a certain bands, use bidx=[1, 2, 3].
            apply a rescaling to multiple bands, use something like `rescale=["164,223","130,211","99,212"]`.
    """
    band_names = cog_bands(url, titiler_endpoint)

    if bands is not None:
        if not isinstance(bands, list):
            bands = [bands]

        if all(isinstance(x, str) for x in bands):
            kwargs["bidx"] = [band_names.index(x) + 1 for x in bands]

        elif all(isinstance(x, int) for x in bands):
            kwargs["bidx"] = bands
        else:
            raise ValueError("Bands must be a list of integers or strings.")
    elif "bidx" not in kwargs:
        if len(band_names) == 1:
            kwargs["bidx"] = [1]
        else:
            kwargs["bidx"] = [1, 2, 3]

    vis_bands = [band_names[idx - 1] for idx in kwargs["bidx"]]

    if len(kwargs["bidx"]) > 1:
        if "colormap_name" in kwargs:
            kwargs.pop("colormap_name")
        if "colormap" in kwargs:
            kwargs.pop("colormap")

    tile_url = cog_tile(url, bands, titiler_endpoint, **kwargs)
    bounds = cog_bounds(url, titiler_endpoint)
    self.add_tile_layer(tile_url, name, attribution, opacity, shown, layer_index)
    if zoom_to_layer:
        self.fit_bounds([[bounds[1], bounds[0]], [bounds[3], bounds[2]]])
        arc_zoom_to_extent(bounds[0], bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[3])

    if not hasattr(self, "cog_layer_dict"):
        self.cog_layer_dict = {}

    vmin, vmax = cog_tile_vmin_vmax(
        url, bands=bands, titiler_endpoint=titiler_endpoint
    )

    if "colormap_name" in kwargs:
        colormap = kwargs["colormap_name"]
    else:
        colormap = None

    if "nodata" in kwargs:
        nodata = kwargs["nodata"]
    else:
        nodata = None

    params = {
        "url": url,
        "titiler_endpoint": titiler_endpoint,
        "tile_layer": self.find_layer(name),
        "bounds": bounds,
        "indexes": kwargs["bidx"],
        "vis_bands": vis_bands,
        "band_names": band_names,
        "vmin": vmin,
        "vmax": vmax,
        "nodata": nodata,
        "colormap": colormap,
        "opacity": opacity,
        "layer_name": name,
        "type": "COG",
    }
    self.cog_layer_dict[name] = params

add_colorbar(self, colors, vmin=0, vmax=1.0, index=None, caption='', categorical=False, step=None, height='45px', transparent_bg=False, position='bottomright', **kwargs)

Add a branca colorbar to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
colors list

The set of colors to be used for interpolation. Colors can be provided in the form: * tuples of RGBA ints between 0 and 255 (e.g: (255, 255, 0) or (255, 255, 0, 255)) * tuples of RGBA floats between 0. and 1. (e.g: (1.,1.,0.) or (1., 1., 0., 1.)) * HTML-like string (e.g: “#ffff00) * a color name or shortcut (e.g: “y” or “yellow”)

required
vmin int

The minimal value for the colormap. Values lower than vmin will be bound directly to colors[0].. Defaults to 0.

0
vmax float

The maximal value for the colormap. Values higher than vmax will be bound directly to colors[-1]. Defaults to 1.0.

1.0
index list

The values corresponding to each color. It has to be sorted, and have the same length as colors. If None, a regular grid between vmin and vmax is created.. Defaults to None.

None
caption str

The caption for the colormap. Defaults to "".

''
categorical bool

Whether or not to create a categorical colormap. Defaults to False.

False
step int

The step to split the LinearColormap into a StepColormap. Defaults to None.

None
height str

The height of the colormap widget. Defaults to "45px".

'45px'
transparent_bg bool

Whether to use transparent background for the colormap widget. Defaults to True.

False
position str

The position for the colormap widget. Defaults to "bottomright".

'bottomright'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_colorbar(
    self,
    colors: Union[list[int], tuple[int]],
    vmin: Optional[int] = 0,
    vmax: Optional[float] = 1.0,
    index: Optional[list] = None,
    caption: Optional[str] = "",
    categorical: Optional[bool] = False,
    step: Optional[int] = None,
    height: Optional[str] = "45px",
    transparent_bg: Optional[bool] = False,
    position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Add a branca colorbar to the map.

    Args:
        colors (list): The set of colors to be used for interpolation. Colors can be provided in the form: * tuples of RGBA ints between 0 and 255 (e.g: (255, 255, 0) or (255, 255, 0, 255)) * tuples of RGBA floats between 0. and 1. (e.g: (1.,1.,0.) or (1., 1., 0., 1.)) * HTML-like string (e.g: “#ffff00) * a color name or shortcut (e.g: “y” or “yellow”)
        vmin (int, optional): The minimal value for the colormap. Values lower than vmin will be bound directly to colors[0].. Defaults to 0.
        vmax (float, optional): The maximal value for the colormap. Values higher than vmax will be bound directly to colors[-1]. Defaults to 1.0.
        index (list, optional):The values corresponding to each color. It has to be sorted, and have the same length as colors. If None, a regular grid between vmin and vmax is created.. Defaults to None.
        caption (str, optional): The caption for the colormap. Defaults to "".
        categorical (bool, optional): Whether or not to create a categorical colormap. Defaults to False.
        step (int, optional): The step to split the LinearColormap into a StepColormap. Defaults to None.
        height (str, optional): The height of the colormap widget. Defaults to "45px".
        transparent_bg (bool, optional): Whether to use transparent background for the colormap widget. Defaults to True.
        position (str, optional): The position for the colormap widget. Defaults to "bottomright".

    """
    from box import Box
    from branca.colormap import LinearColormap

    output = widgets.Output()
    output.layout.height = height

    if "width" in kwargs.keys():
        output.layout.width = kwargs["width"]

    if isinstance(colors, Box):
        try:
            colors = list(colors["default"])
        except Exception as e:
            print("The provided color list is invalid.")
            raise Exception(e)

    if all(len(color) == 6 for color in colors):
        colors = ["#" + color for color in colors]

    colormap = LinearColormap(
        colors=colors, index=index, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, caption=caption
    )

    if categorical:
        if step is not None:
            colormap = colormap.to_step(step)
        elif index is not None:
            colormap = colormap.to_step(len(index) - 1)
        else:
            colormap = colormap.to_step(3)

    colormap_ctrl = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
        widget=output,
        position=position,
        transparent_bg=transparent_bg,
        **kwargs,
    )
    with output:
        output.outputs = ()
        display(colormap)

    self.colorbar = colormap_ctrl
    self.add(colormap_ctrl)

add_colormap(self, cmap='gray', colors=None, discrete=False, label=None, width=3, height=0.25, orientation='horizontal', vmin=0, vmax=1.0, axis_off=False, show_name=False, font_size=8, transparent_bg=False, position='bottomright', **kwargs)

Adds a matplotlib colormap to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
cmap str

Matplotlib colormap. Defaults to "gray". See https://matplotlib.org/3.3.4/tutorials/colors/colormaps.html#sphx-glr-tutorials-colors-colormaps-py for options.

'gray'
colors list

A list of custom colors to create a colormap. Defaults to None.

None
discrete bool

Whether to create a discrete colorbar. Defaults to False.

False
label str

Label for the colorbar. Defaults to None.

None
width float

The width of the colormap. Defaults to 8.0.

3
height float

The height of the colormap. Defaults to 0.4.

0.25
orientation str

The orientation of the colormap. Defaults to "horizontal".

'horizontal'
vmin float

The minimum value range. Defaults to 0.

0
vmax float

The maximum value range. Defaults to 1.0.

1.0
axis_off bool

Whether to turn axis off. Defaults to False.

False
show_name bool

Whether to show the colormap name. Defaults to False.

False
font_size int

Font size of the text. Defaults to 12.

8
transparent_bg bool

Whether to use transparent background for the colormap widget. Defaults to True.

False
position str

The position for the colormap widget. Defaults to "bottomright".

'bottomright'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_colormap(
    self,
    cmap: Optional[str] = "gray",
    colors: Optional[list] = None,
    discrete: Optional[bool] = False,
    label: Optional[str] = None,
    width: Optional[float] = 3,
    height: Optional[float] = 0.25,
    orientation: Optional[str] = "horizontal",
    vmin: Optional[float] = 0,
    vmax: Optional[float] = 1.0,
    axis_off: Optional[bool] = False,
    show_name: Optional[bool] = False,
    font_size: Optional[int] = 8,
    transparent_bg: Optional[bool] = False,
    position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a matplotlib colormap to the map.

    Args:
        cmap (str, optional): Matplotlib colormap. Defaults to "gray". See https://matplotlib.org/3.3.4/tutorials/colors/colormaps.html#sphx-glr-tutorials-colors-colormaps-py for options.
        colors (list, optional): A list of custom colors to create a colormap. Defaults to None.
        discrete (bool, optional): Whether to create a discrete colorbar. Defaults to False.
        label (str, optional): Label for the colorbar. Defaults to None.
        width (float, optional): The width of the colormap. Defaults to 8.0.
        height (float, optional): The height of the colormap. Defaults to 0.4.
        orientation (str, optional): The orientation of the colormap. Defaults to "horizontal".
        vmin (float, optional): The minimum value range. Defaults to 0.
        vmax (float, optional): The maximum value range. Defaults to 1.0.
        axis_off (bool, optional): Whether to turn axis off. Defaults to False.
        show_name (bool, optional): Whether to show the colormap name. Defaults to False.
        font_size (int, optional): Font size of the text. Defaults to 12.
        transparent_bg (bool, optional): Whether to use transparent background for the colormap widget. Defaults to True.
        position (str, optional): The position for the colormap widget. Defaults to "bottomright".
    """
    from .colormaps import plot_colormap

    output = widgets.Output()

    colormap_ctrl = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
        widget=output,
        position=position,
        transparent_bg=transparent_bg,
    )
    with output:
        output.outputs = ()
        plot_colormap(
            cmap,
            colors,
            discrete,
            label,
            width,
            height,
            orientation,
            vmin,
            vmax,
            axis_off,
            show_name,
            font_size,
            **kwargs,
        )

    self.colorbar = colormap_ctrl
    self.add(colormap_ctrl)

add_data(self, data, column, colors=None, labels=None, cmap=None, scheme='Quantiles', k=5, add_legend=True, legend_title=None, legend_position='bottomright', legend_kwds=None, classification_kwds=None, layer_name='Untitled', style=None, hover_style=None, style_callback=None, marker_radius=10, marker_args=None, info_mode='on_hover', encoding='utf-8', **kwargs)

Add vector data to the map with a variety of classification schemes.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data str | pd.DataFrame | gpd.GeoDataFrame

The data to classify. It can be a filepath to a vector dataset, a pandas dataframe, or a geopandas geodataframe.

required
column str

The column to classify.

required
cmap str

The name of a colormap recognized by matplotlib. Defaults to None.

None
colors list

A list of colors to use for the classification. Defaults to None.

None
labels list

A list of labels to use for the legend. Defaults to None.

None
scheme str

Name of a choropleth classification scheme (requires mapclassify). Name of a choropleth classification scheme (requires mapclassify). A mapclassify.MapClassifier object will be used under the hood. Supported are all schemes provided by mapclassify (e.g. 'BoxPlot', 'EqualInterval', 'FisherJenks', 'FisherJenksSampled', 'HeadTailBreaks', 'JenksCaspall', 'JenksCaspallForced', 'JenksCaspallSampled', 'MaxP', 'MaximumBreaks', 'NaturalBreaks', 'Quantiles', 'Percentiles', 'StdMean', 'UserDefined'). Arguments can be passed in classification_kwds.

'Quantiles'
k int

Number of classes (ignored if scheme is None or if column is categorical). Default to 5.

5
add_legend bool

Whether to add a legend to the map. Defaults to True.

True
legend_title str

The title of the legend. Defaults to None.

None
legend_position str

The position of the legend. Can be 'topleft', 'topright', 'bottomleft', or 'bottomright'. Defaults to 'bottomright'.

'bottomright'
legend_kwds dict

Keyword arguments to pass to :func:matplotlib.pyplot.legend or matplotlib.pyplot.colorbar. Defaults to None. Keyword arguments to pass to :func:matplotlib.pyplot.legend or Additional accepted keywords when scheme is specified: fmt : string A formatting specification for the bin edges of the classes in the legend. For example, to have no decimals: {"fmt": "{:.0f}"}. labels : list-like A list of legend labels to override the auto-generated labblels. Needs to have the same number of elements as the number of classes (k). interval : boolean (default False) An option to control brackets from mapclassify legend. If True, open/closed interval brackets are shown in the legend.

None
classification_kwds dict

Keyword arguments to pass to mapclassify. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to None. style is a dictionary of the following form: style = { "stroke": False, "color": "#ff0000", "weight": 1, "opacity": 1, "fill": True, "fillColor": "#ffffff", "fillOpacity": 1.0, "dashArray": "9" "clickable": True, }

None
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}. hover_style is a dictionary of the following form: hover_style = {"weight": style["weight"] + 1, "fillOpacity": 0.5}

None
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None. style_callback is a function that takes the feature as argument and should return a dictionary of the following form: style_callback = lambda feat: {"fillColor": feat["properties"]["color"]}

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
encoding str

The encoding of the GeoJSON file. Defaults to "utf-8".

'utf-8'
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the GeoJSON class, such as fields, which can be a list of column names to be included in the popup.

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_data(
    self,
    data: Union[str, pd.DataFrame],
    column: str,
    colors: Optional[str] = None,
    labels: Optional[str] = None,
    cmap: Optional[str] = None,
    scheme: Optional[str] = "Quantiles",
    k: int = 5,
    add_legend: Optional[bool] = True,
    legend_title: Optional[bool] = None,
    legend_position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
    legend_kwds: Optional[dict] = None,
    classification_kwds: Optional[dict] = None,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
    style: Optional[dict] = None,
    hover_style: Optional[dict] = None,
    style_callback: Optional[dict] = None,
    marker_radius: int = 10,
    marker_args=None,
    info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Add vector data to the map with a variety of classification schemes.

    Args:
        data (str | pd.DataFrame | gpd.GeoDataFrame): The data to classify. It can be a filepath to a vector dataset, a pandas dataframe, or a geopandas geodataframe.
        column (str): The column to classify.
        cmap (str, optional): The name of a colormap recognized by matplotlib. Defaults to None.
        colors (list, optional): A list of colors to use for the classification. Defaults to None.
        labels (list, optional): A list of labels to use for the legend. Defaults to None.
        scheme (str, optional): Name of a choropleth classification scheme (requires mapclassify).
            Name of a choropleth classification scheme (requires mapclassify).
            A mapclassify.MapClassifier object will be used
            under the hood. Supported are all schemes provided by mapclassify (e.g.
            'BoxPlot', 'EqualInterval', 'FisherJenks', 'FisherJenksSampled',
            'HeadTailBreaks', 'JenksCaspall', 'JenksCaspallForced',
            'JenksCaspallSampled', 'MaxP', 'MaximumBreaks',
            'NaturalBreaks', 'Quantiles', 'Percentiles', 'StdMean',
            'UserDefined'). Arguments can be passed in classification_kwds.
        k (int, optional): Number of classes (ignored if scheme is None or if column is categorical). Default to 5.
        add_legend (bool, optional): Whether to add a legend to the map. Defaults to True.
        legend_title (str, optional): The title of the legend. Defaults to None.
        legend_position (str, optional): The position of the legend. Can be 'topleft', 'topright', 'bottomleft', or 'bottomright'. Defaults to 'bottomright'.
        legend_kwds (dict, optional): Keyword arguments to pass to :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.legend` or `matplotlib.pyplot.colorbar`. Defaults to None.
            Keyword arguments to pass to :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.legend` or
            Additional accepted keywords when `scheme` is specified:
            fmt : string
                A formatting specification for the bin edges of the classes in the
                legend. For example, to have no decimals: ``{"fmt": "{:.0f}"}``.
            labels : list-like
                A list of legend labels to override the auto-generated labblels.
                Needs to have the same number of elements as the number of
                classes (`k`).
            interval : boolean (default False)
                An option to control brackets from mapclassify legend.
                If True, open/closed interval brackets are shown in the legend.
        classification_kwds (dict, optional): Keyword arguments to pass to mapclassify. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to None.
            style is a dictionary of the following form:
                style = {
                "stroke": False,
                "color": "#ff0000",
                "weight": 1,
                "opacity": 1,
                "fill": True,
                "fillColor": "#ffffff",
                "fillOpacity": 1.0,
                "dashArray": "9"
                "clickable": True,
            }
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
            hover_style is a dictionary of the following form:
                hover_style = {"weight": style["weight"] + 1, "fillOpacity": 0.5}
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
            style_callback is a function that takes the feature as argument and should return a dictionary of the following form:
            style_callback = lambda feat: {"fillColor": feat["properties"]["color"]}
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
        encoding (str, optional): The encoding of the GeoJSON file. Defaults to "utf-8".
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the GeoJSON class, such as fields, which can be a list of column names to be included in the popup.

    """

    gdf, legend_dict = classify(
        data=data,
        column=column,
        cmap=cmap,
        colors=colors,
        labels=labels,
        scheme=scheme,
        k=k,
        legend_kwds=legend_kwds,
        classification_kwds=classification_kwds,
    )

    if legend_title is None:
        legend_title = column

    if style is None:
        style = {
            # "stroke": False,
            # "color": "#ff0000",
            "weight": 1,
            "opacity": 1,
            # "fill": True,
            # "fillColor": "#ffffff",
            "fillOpacity": 1.0,
            # "dashArray": "9"
            # "clickable": True,
        }
        if colors is not None:
            style["color"] = "#000000"

    if hover_style is None:
        hover_style = {"weight": style["weight"] + 1, "fillOpacity": 0.5}

    if style_callback is None:
        style_callback = lambda feat: {"fillColor": feat["properties"]["color"]}

    if gdf.geometry.geom_type.unique().tolist()[0] == "Point":
        columns = gdf.columns.tolist()
        if "category" in columns:
            columns.remove("category")
        if "color" in columns:
            columns.remove("color")
        if marker_args is None:
            marker_args = {}
        if "fill_color" not in marker_args:
            marker_args["fill_color"] = gdf["color"].tolist()
        if "stroke" not in marker_args:
            marker_args["stroke"] = False
        if "fill_opacity" not in marker_args:
            marker_args["fill_opacity"] = 0.8

        marker_args["radius"] = marker_radius

        self.add_markers(gdf[columns], layer_name=layer_name, **marker_args)
    else:
        self.add_gdf(
            gdf,
            layer_name=layer_name,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            style_callback=style_callback,
            info_mode=info_mode,
            encoding=encoding,
            **kwargs,
        )
    if add_legend:
        self.add_legend(
            title=legend_title, legend_dict=legend_dict, position=legend_position
        )

add_ee_layer(self, asset_id, name=None, attribution='Google Earth Engine', shown=True, opacity=1.0, **kwargs)

Adds a Google Earth Engine tile layer to the map based on the tile layer URL from https://github.com/opengeos/ee-tile-layers/blob/main/datasets.tsv.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
asset_id str

The ID of the Earth Engine asset.

required
name str

The name of the tile layer. If not provided, the asset ID will be used. Default is None.

None
attribution str

The attribution text to be displayed. Default is "Google Earth Engine".

'Google Earth Engine'
shown bool

Whether the tile layer should be shown on the map. Default is True.

True
opacity float

The opacity of the tile layer. Default is 1.0.

1.0
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the underlying add_tile_layer method.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
None

None

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_ee_layer(
    self,
    asset_id: str,
    name: str = None,
    attribution: str = "Google Earth Engine",
    shown: bool = True,
    opacity: float = 1.0,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """
    Adds a Google Earth Engine tile layer to the map based on the tile layer URL from
        https://github.com/opengeos/ee-tile-layers/blob/main/datasets.tsv.

    Args:
        asset_id (str): The ID of the Earth Engine asset.
        name (str, optional): The name of the tile layer. If not provided, the asset ID will be used. Default is None.
        attribution (str, optional): The attribution text to be displayed. Default is "Google Earth Engine".
        shown (bool, optional): Whether the tile layer should be shown on the map. Default is True.
        opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the tile layer. Default is 1.0.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the underlying `add_tile_layer` method.

    Returns:
        None
    """
    import pandas as pd

    df = pd.read_csv(
        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opengeos/ee-tile-layers/main/datasets.tsv",
        sep="\t",
    )

    asset_id = asset_id.strip()
    if name is None:
        name = asset_id

    if asset_id in df["id"].values:
        url = df.loc[df["id"] == asset_id, "url"].values[0]
        self.add_tile_layer(
            url,
            name,
            attribution=attribution,
            shown=shown,
            opacity=opacity,
            **kwargs,
        )
    else:
        print(f"The provided EE tile layer {asset_id} does not exist.")

add_gdf(self, gdf, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover', zoom_to_layer=False, encoding='utf-8', **kwargs)

Adds a GeoDataFrame to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
gdf GeoDataFrame

A GeoPandas GeoDataFrame.

required
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the layer. Defaults to False.

False
encoding str

The encoding of the GeoDataFrame. Defaults to "utf-8".

'utf-8'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_gdf(
    self,
    gdf,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
    style: Optional[dict] = {},
    hover_style: Optional[dict] = {},
    style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
    fill_colors: Optional[list[str]] = None,
    info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
    zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = False,
    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a GeoDataFrame to the map.

    Args:
        gdf (GeoDataFrame): A GeoPandas GeoDataFrame.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called
            for each feature, and should return the feature style. This
            styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling
            polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover
            or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will
            be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer. Defaults to False.
        encoding (str, optional): The encoding of the GeoDataFrame. Defaults to "utf-8".
    """
    for col in gdf.columns:
        try:
            if gdf[col].dtype in ["datetime64[ns]", "datetime64[ns, UTC]"]:
                gdf[col] = gdf[col].astype(str)
        except:
            pass

    self.add_geojson(
        gdf,
        layer_name,
        style,
        hover_style,
        style_callback,
        fill_colors,
        info_mode,
        zoom_to_layer,
        encoding,
        **kwargs,
    )

add_gdf_from_postgis(self, sql, con, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=['black'], info_mode='on_hover', zoom_to_layer=True, **kwargs)

Reads a PostGIS database and returns data as a GeoDataFrame to be added to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
sql str

SQL query to execute in selecting entries from database, or name of the table to read from the database.

required
con sqlalchemy.engine.Engine

Active connection to the database to query.

required
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

['black']
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the layer.

True
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_gdf_from_postgis(
    self,
    sql: str,
    con,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
    style: Optional[dict] = {},
    hover_style: Optional[dict] = {},
    style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
    fill_colors: Optional[list[str]] = ["black"],
    info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
    zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = True,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Reads a PostGIS database and returns data as a GeoDataFrame to be added to the map.

    Args:
        sql (str): SQL query to execute in selecting entries from database, or name of the table to read from the database.
        con (sqlalchemy.engine.Engine): Active connection to the database to query.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer.
    """
    gdf = read_postgis(sql, con, **kwargs)
    gdf = gdf.to_crs("epsg:4326")
    self.add_gdf(
        gdf,
        layer_name,
        style,
        hover_style,
        style_callback,
        fill_colors,
        info_mode,
        zoom_to_layer,
    )

add_geojson(self, in_geojson, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover', zoom_to_layer=False, encoding='utf-8', **kwargs)

Adds a GeoJSON file to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
in_geojson str | dict

The file path or http URL to the input GeoJSON or a dictionary containing the geojson.

required
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the layer after adding it to the map. Defaults to False.

False
encoding str

The encoding of the GeoJSON file. Defaults to "utf-8".

'utf-8'

Exceptions:

Type Description
FileNotFoundError

The provided GeoJSON file could not be found.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_geojson(
    self,
    in_geojson: Union[str, Dict],
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
    style: Optional[dict] = {},
    hover_style: Optional[dict] = {},
    style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
    fill_colors: Optional[list[str]] = None,
    info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
    zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = False,
    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a GeoJSON file to the map.

    Args:
        in_geojson (str | dict): The file path or http URL to the input
            GeoJSON or a dictionary containing the geojson.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to
            "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used.
            Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called
            for each feature, and should return the feature style. This
            styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling
            polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover
            or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will
            be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer after
            adding it to the map. Defaults to False.
        encoding (str, optional): The encoding of the GeoJSON file. Defaults
            to "utf-8".

    Raises:
        FileNotFoundError: The provided GeoJSON file could not be found.
    """
    import json
    import random
    import geopandas as gpd

    gdf = None

    try:
        if isinstance(in_geojson, str):
            if in_geojson.startswith("http"):
                if is_jupyterlite():
                    import pyodide  # pylint: disable=E0401

                    output = os.path.basename(in_geojson)

                    output = os.path.abspath(output)
                    obj = pyodide.http.open_url(in_geojson)
                    with open(output, "w") as fd:
                        shutil.copyfileobj(obj, fd)
                    with open(output, "r") as fd:
                        data = json.load(fd)
                else:
                    gdf = gpd.read_file(in_geojson, encoding=encoding)

            else:
                gdf = gpd.read_file(in_geojson, encoding=encoding)

        elif isinstance(in_geojson, dict):
            gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(in_geojson)
        elif isinstance(in_geojson, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
            gdf = in_geojson
        else:
            raise TypeError("The input geojson must be a type of str or dict.")
    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(e)

    if gdf.crs is None:
        print(
            f"Warning: The dataset does not have a CRS defined. Assuming EPSG:4326."
        )
        gdf.crs = "EPSG:4326"
    elif gdf.crs != "EPSG:4326":
        gdf = gdf.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
    data = gdf.__geo_interface__

    try:
        first_feature = data["features"][0]
        if isinstance(first_feature["properties"].get("style"), str):
            # Loop through the features and update the style
            for feature in data["features"]:
                fstyle = feature["properties"].get("style")
                if isinstance(fstyle, str):
                    feature["properties"]["style"] = json.loads(fstyle)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        pass

    geom_type = gdf.reset_index().geom_type[0]

    if style is None and (style_callback is None):
        style = {
            # "stroke": True,
            "color": "#3388ff",
            "weight": 2,
            "opacity": 1,
            "fill": True,
            "fillColor": "#3388ff",
            "fillOpacity": 0.2,
            # "dashArray": "9"
            # "clickable": True,
        }

        if geom_type in ["LineString", "MultiLineString"]:
            style["fill"] = False

    elif "weight" not in style:
        style["weight"] = 1

    if not hover_style:
        hover_style = {
            "weight": style["weight"] + 2,
            "fillOpacity": 0,
            "color": "yellow",
        }

    def random_color(feature):
        return {
            "color": "black",
            "fillColor": random.choice(fill_colors),
        }

    toolbar_button = widgets.ToggleButton(
        value=True,
        tooltip="Toolbar",
        icon="info",
        layout=widgets.Layout(
            width="28px", height="28px", padding="0px 0px 0px 4px"
        ),
    )

    close_button = widgets.ToggleButton(
        value=False,
        tooltip="Close the tool",
        icon="times",
        # button_style="primary",
        layout=widgets.Layout(
            height="28px", width="28px", padding="0px 0px 0px 4px"
        ),
    )

    html = widgets.HTML()
    html.layout.margin = "0px 10px 0px 10px"
    html.layout.max_height = "250px"
    html.layout.max_width = "250px"

    output_widget = widgets.VBox(
        [widgets.HBox([toolbar_button, close_button]), html]
    )
    info_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
        widget=output_widget, position="bottomright"
    )

    if info_mode in ["on_hover", "on_click"]:
        self.add(info_control)

    def toolbar_btn_click(change):
        if change["new"]:
            close_button.value = False
            output_widget.children = [
                widgets.VBox([widgets.HBox([toolbar_button, close_button]), html])
            ]
        else:
            output_widget.children = [widgets.HBox([toolbar_button, close_button])]

    toolbar_button.observe(toolbar_btn_click, "value")

    def close_btn_click(change):
        if change["new"]:
            toolbar_button.value = False
            if info_control in self.controls:
                self.remove_control(info_control)
            output_widget.close()

    close_button.observe(close_btn_click, "value")

    if "fields" in kwargs:
        fields = kwargs["fields"]
        kwargs.pop("fields")
    else:
        fields = None

    def update_html(feature, fields=fields, **kwargs):
        if fields is None:
            fields = list(feature["properties"].keys())
            if "style" in fields:
                fields.remove("style")

        value = [
            "<b>{}: </b>{}<br>".format(prop, feature["properties"][prop])
            for prop in fields
        ]

        value = """{}""".format("".join(value))
        html.value = value

    if fill_colors is not None:
        style_callback = random_color

    if style_callback is None:
        geojson = ipyleaflet.GeoJSON(
            data=data,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            name=layer_name,
        )
    else:
        geojson = ipyleaflet.GeoJSON(
            data=data,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            name=layer_name,
            style_callback=style_callback,
        )

    if info_mode == "on_hover":
        geojson.on_hover(update_html)
    elif info_mode == "on_click":
        geojson.on_click(update_html)

    self.add(geojson)
    self.geojson_layers.append(geojson)

    if not hasattr(self, "json_layer_dict"):
        self.json_layer_dict = {}

    params = {
        "data": geojson,
        "style": style,
        "hover_style": hover_style,
        "style_callback": style_callback,
    }
    self.json_layer_dict[layer_name] = params

    if zoom_to_layer:
        try:
            bounds = gdf.total_bounds
            west, south, east, north = bounds
            self.fit_bounds([[south, east], [north, west]])
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

add_heatmap(self, data, latitude='latitude', longitude='longitude', value='value', name='Heat map', radius=25, **kwargs)

Adds a heat map to the map. Reference: https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/heatmap.html

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data str | list | pd.DataFrame

File path or HTTP URL to the input file or a list of data points in the format of [[x1, y1, z1], [x2, y2, z2]]. For example, https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opengeos/leafmap/master/examples/data/world_cities.csv

required
latitude str

The column name of latitude. Defaults to "latitude".

'latitude'
longitude str

The column name of longitude. Defaults to "longitude".

'longitude'
value str

The column name of values. Defaults to "value".

'value'
name str

Layer name to use. Defaults to "Heat map".

'Heat map'
radius int

Radius of each “point” of the heatmap. Defaults to 25.

25

Exceptions:

Type Description
ValueError

If data is not a list.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_heatmap(
    self,
    data: Union[str, list, pd.DataFrame],
    latitude: Optional[str] = "latitude",
    longitude: Optional[str] = "longitude",
    value: Optional[str] = "value",
    name: Optional[str] = "Heat map",
    radius: Optional[int] = 25,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a heat map to the map. Reference: https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/heatmap.html

    Args:
        data (str | list | pd.DataFrame): File path or HTTP URL to the input file or a list of data points in the format of [[x1, y1, z1], [x2, y2, z2]]. For example, https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opengeos/leafmap/master/examples/data/world_cities.csv
        latitude (str, optional): The column name of latitude. Defaults to "latitude".
        longitude (str, optional): The column name of longitude. Defaults to "longitude".
        value (str, optional): The column name of values. Defaults to "value".
        name (str, optional): Layer name to use. Defaults to "Heat map".
        radius (int, optional): Radius of each “point” of the heatmap. Defaults to 25.

    Raises:
        ValueError: If data is not a list.
    """
    import pandas as pd
    from ipyleaflet import Heatmap

    try:
        if isinstance(data, str):
            df = pd.read_csv(data)
            data = df[[latitude, longitude, value]].values.tolist()
        elif isinstance(data, pd.DataFrame):
            data = data[[latitude, longitude, value]].values.tolist()
        elif isinstance(data, list):
            pass
        else:
            raise ValueError("data must be a list, a DataFrame, or a file path.")

        heatmap = Heatmap(locations=data, radius=radius, name=name, **kwargs)
        self.add(heatmap)

    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(e)

add_html(self, html, position='bottomright', **kwargs)

Add HTML to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
html str

The HTML to add.

required
position str

The position of the HTML, can be one of "topleft", "topright", "bottomleft", "bottomright". Defaults to "bottomright".

'bottomright'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_html(
    self, html: str, position: Optional[str] = "bottomright", **kwargs
) -> None:
    """Add HTML to the map.

    Args:
        html (str): The HTML to add.
        position (str, optional): The position of the HTML, can be one of "topleft",
            "topright", "bottomleft", "bottomright". Defaults to "bottomright".
    """
    # Check if an HTML string contains local images and convert them to base64.
    html = check_html_string(html)
    self.add_widget(html, position=position, **kwargs)

add_image(self, image, position='bottomright', **kwargs)

Add an image to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
image str | ipywidgets.Image

The image to add.

required
position str

The position of the image, can be one of "topleft", "topright", "bottomleft", "bottomright". Defaults to "bottomright".

'bottomright'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_image(self, image, position="bottomright", **kwargs):
    """Add an image to the map.

    Args:
        image (str | ipywidgets.Image): The image to add.
        position (str, optional): The position of the image, can be one of "topleft",
            "topright", "bottomleft", "bottomright". Defaults to "bottomright".

    """

    if isinstance(image, str):
        if image.startswith("http"):
            image = widgets.Image(value=requests.get(image).content, **kwargs)
        elif os.path.exists(image):
            with open(image, "rb") as f:
                image = widgets.Image(value=f.read(), **kwargs)
    elif isinstance(image, widgets.Image):
        pass
    else:
        raise Exception("Invalid image")

    self.add_widget(image, position=position)

add_inspector_gui(self, position='topright', opened=True)

Add the Inspector widget to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
position str

The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".

'topright'
opened bool

Whether the widget is open. Defaults to True.

True
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_inspector_gui(
    self, position: Optional[str] = "topright", opened: bool = True
) -> None:
    """Add the Inspector widget to the map.

    Args:
        position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".
        opened (bool, optional): Whether the widget is open. Defaults to True.
    """

    from .toolbar import inspector_gui

    inspector_gui(self, position, opened)

add_kml(self, in_kml, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover', **kwargs)

Adds a KML file to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
in_kml str

The input file path or HTTP URL to the KML.

required
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'

Exceptions:

Type Description
FileNotFoundError

The provided KML file could not be found.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_kml(
    self,
    in_kml: str,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
    style: Optional[dict] = {},
    hover_style: Optional[dict] = {},
    style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
    fill_colors: Optional[list[str]] = None,
    info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a KML file to the map.

    Args:
        in_kml (str): The input file path or HTTP URL to the KML.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used.
            Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called
            for each feature, and should return the feature style. This
            styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling
            polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover
            or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will
            be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

    Raises:
        FileNotFoundError: The provided KML file could not be found.
    """

    if in_kml.startswith("http") and in_kml.endswith(".kml"):
        out_dir = os.path.abspath("./cache")
        if not os.path.exists(out_dir):
            os.makedirs(out_dir)
        in_kml = download_file(in_kml)
        if not os.path.exists(in_kml):
            raise FileNotFoundError("The downloaded kml file could not be found.")
    else:
        in_kml = os.path.abspath(in_kml)
        if not os.path.exists(in_kml):
            raise FileNotFoundError("The provided KML could not be found.")

    self.add_vector(
        in_kml,
        layer_name,
        style=style,
        hover_style=hover_style,
        style_callback=style_callback,
        fill_colors=fill_colors,
        info_mode=info_mode,
        **kwargs,
    )

add_labels(self, data, column, font_size='12pt', font_color='black', font_family='arial', font_weight='normal', x='longitude', y='latitude', draggable=True, layer_name='Labels', **kwargs)

Adds a label layer to the map. Reference: https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/divicon.html

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data pd.DataFrame | gpd.GeoDataFrame | str

The input data to label.

required
column str

The column name of the data to label.

required
font_size str

The font size of the labels. Defaults to "12pt".

'12pt'
font_color str

The font color of the labels. Defaults to "black".

'black'
font_family str

The font family of the labels. Defaults to "arial".

'arial'
font_weight str

The font weight of the labels, can be normal, bold. Defaults to "normal".

'normal'
x str

The column name of the longitude. Defaults to "longitude".

'longitude'
y str

The column name of the latitude. Defaults to "latitude".

'latitude'
draggable bool

Whether the labels are draggable. Defaults to True.

True
layer_name str

Layer name to use. Defaults to "Labels".

'Labels'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_labels(
    self,
    data: Union[str, pd.DataFrame],
    column: str,
    font_size: Optional[str] = "12pt",
    font_color: Optional[str] = "black",
    font_family: Optional[str] = "arial",
    font_weight: Optional[str] = "normal",
    x: Optional[str] = "longitude",
    y: Optional[str] = "latitude",
    draggable: Optional[bool] = True,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Labels",
    **kwargs,
):
    """Adds a label layer to the map. Reference: https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/divicon.html

    Args:
        data (pd.DataFrame | gpd.GeoDataFrame | str): The input data to label.
        column (str): The column name of the data to label.
        font_size (str, optional): The font size of the labels. Defaults to "12pt".
        font_color (str, optional): The font color of the labels. Defaults to "black".
        font_family (str, optional): The font family of the labels. Defaults to "arial".
        font_weight (str, optional): The font weight of the labels, can be normal, bold. Defaults to "normal".
        x (str, optional): The column name of the longitude. Defaults to "longitude".
        y (str, optional): The column name of the latitude. Defaults to "latitude".
        draggable (bool, optional): Whether the labels are draggable. Defaults to True.
        layer_name (str, optional): Layer name to use. Defaults to "Labels".

    """
    import warnings
    import pandas as pd

    warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

    if isinstance(data, pd.DataFrame):
        df = data
        if "geometry" in data.columns or ("geom" in data.columns):
            df[x] = df.centroid.x
            df[y] = df.centroid.y

    elif isinstance(data, str):
        ext = os.path.splitext(data)[1]
        if ext == ".csv":
            df = pd.read_csv(data)
        elif ext in [".geojson", ".json", ".shp", ".gpkg"]:
            try:
                import geopandas as gpd

                df = gpd.read_file(data)
                df[x] = df.centroid.x
                df[y] = df.centroid.y
            except Exception as _:
                print("geopandas is required to read geojson.")
                return

    else:
        raise ValueError(
            "data must be a pd.DataFrame, gpd.GeoDataFrame, or an ee.FeatureCollection."
        )

    if column not in df.columns:
        raise ValueError(f"column must be one of {', '.join(df.columns)}.")
    if x not in df.columns:
        raise ValueError(f"column must be one of {', '.join(df.columns)}.")
    if y not in df.columns:
        raise ValueError(f"column must be one of {', '.join(df.columns)}.")

    try:
        size = int(font_size.replace("pt", ""))
    except:
        raise ValueError("font_size must be something like '10pt'")

    labels = []
    for index in df.index:
        html = f'<div style="font-size: {font_size};color:{font_color};font-family:{font_family};font-weight: {font_weight}">{df[column][index]}</div>'
        marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
            location=[df[y][index], df[x][index]],
            icon=ipyleaflet.DivIcon(
                icon_size=(1, 1),
                icon_anchor=(size, size),
                html=html,
                **kwargs,
            ),
            draggable=draggable,
        )
        labels.append(marker)
    layer_group = ipyleaflet.LayerGroup(layers=labels, name=layer_name)
    self.add(layer_group)
    self.labels = layer_group

add_layer(self, layer)

Adds a layer to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
layer ipyleaflet layer

The layer to be added.

required
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_layer(self, layer) -> None:
    """Adds a layer to the map.

    Args:
        layer (ipyleaflet layer): The layer to be added.
    """
    existing_layer = self.find_layer(layer.name)
    if existing_layer is not None:
        self.remove_layer(existing_layer)
    super().add(layer)

add_layer_control(self, position='topright')

Adds a layer control to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
position str

The position of the layer control. Defaults to 'topright'.

'topright'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_layer_control(self, position="topright") -> None:
    """Adds a layer control to the map.

    Args:
        position (str, optional): The position of the layer control. Defaults to 'topright'.
    """

    self.add(ipyleaflet.LayersControl(position=position))

add_layer_manager(self, position='topright', opened=True)

Add the Layer Manager to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
position str

The position of the Layer Manager. Defaults to "topright".

'topright'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_layer_manager(
    self, position: Optional[str] = "topright", opened: bool = True
) -> None:
    """Add the Layer Manager to the map.

    Args:
        position (str, optional): The position of the Layer Manager. Defaults to "topright".
    """
    from .toolbar import layer_manager_gui

    layer_manager_gui(self, position, opened)

add_legend(self, title='Legend', legend_dict=None, labels=None, colors=None, position='bottomright', builtin_legend=None, layer_name=None, **kwargs)

Adds a customized basemap to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
title str

Title of the legend. Defaults to 'Legend'.

'Legend'
legend_dict dict

A dictionary containing legend items as keys and color as values. If provided, legend_keys and legend_colors will be ignored. Defaults to None.

None
labels list

A list of legend keys. Defaults to None.

None
colors list

A list of legend colors. Defaults to None.

None
position str

Position of the legend. Defaults to 'bottomright'.

'bottomright'
builtin_legend str

Name of the builtin legend to add to the map. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

Layer name of the legend to be associated with. Defaults to None.

None
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_legend(
    self,
    title: Optional[str] = "Legend",
    legend_dict: Optional[dict] = None,
    labels: Optional[list] = None,
    colors: Optional[list] = None,
    position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
    builtin_legend: Optional[str] = None,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a customized basemap to the map.

    Args:
        title (str, optional): Title of the legend. Defaults to 'Legend'.
        legend_dict (dict, optional): A dictionary containing legend items as keys and color as values. If provided, legend_keys and legend_colors will be ignored. Defaults to None.
        labels (list, optional): A list of legend keys. Defaults to None.
        colors (list, optional): A list of legend colors. Defaults to None.
        position (str, optional): Position of the legend. Defaults to 'bottomright'.
        builtin_legend (str, optional): Name of the builtin legend to add to the map. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): Layer name of the legend to be associated with. Defaults to None.

    """
    import importlib.resources
    from IPython.display import display

    pkg_dir = os.path.dirname(importlib.resources.files("leafmap") / "leafmap.py")
    legend_template = os.path.join(pkg_dir, "data/template/legend.html")

    if "min_width" not in kwargs.keys():
        min_width = None
    if "max_width" not in kwargs.keys():
        max_width = None
    else:
        max_width = kwargs["max_width"]
    if "min_height" not in kwargs.keys():
        min_height = None
    else:
        min_height = kwargs["min_height"]
    if "max_height" not in kwargs.keys():
        max_height = None
    else:
        max_height = kwargs["max_height"]
    if "height" not in kwargs.keys():
        height = None
    else:
        height = kwargs["height"]
    if "width" not in kwargs.keys():
        width = None
    else:
        width = kwargs["width"]

    if width is None:
        max_width = "300px"
    if height is None:
        max_height = "400px"

    if not os.path.exists(legend_template):
        print("The legend template does not exist.")
        return

    if labels is not None:
        if not isinstance(labels, list):
            print("The legend keys must be a list.")
            return
    else:
        labels = ["One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "etc"]

    if colors is not None:
        if not isinstance(colors, list):
            print("The legend colors must be a list.")
            return
        elif all(isinstance(item, tuple) for item in colors):
            try:
                colors = [rgb_to_hex(x) for x in colors]
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
        elif all((item.startswith("#") and len(item) == 7) for item in colors):
            pass
        elif all((len(item) == 6) for item in colors):
            pass
        else:
            print("The legend colors must be a list of tuples.")
            return
    else:
        colors = [
            "#8DD3C7",
            "#FFFFB3",
            "#BEBADA",
            "#FB8072",
            "#80B1D3",
        ]

    if len(labels) != len(colors):
        print("The legend keys and values must be the same length.")
        return

    allowed_builtin_legends = builtin_legends.keys()
    if builtin_legend is not None:
        if builtin_legend not in allowed_builtin_legends:
            print(
                "The builtin legend must be one of the following: {}".format(
                    ", ".join(allowed_builtin_legends)
                )
            )
            return
        else:
            legend_dict = builtin_legends[builtin_legend]
            labels = list(legend_dict.keys())
            colors = list(legend_dict.values())

    if legend_dict is not None:
        if not isinstance(legend_dict, dict):
            print("The legend dict must be a dictionary.")
            return
        else:
            labels = list(legend_dict.keys())
            colors = list(legend_dict.values())
            if all(isinstance(item, tuple) for item in colors):
                try:
                    colors = [rgb_to_hex(x) for x in colors]
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)

    allowed_positions = [
        "topleft",
        "topright",
        "bottomleft",
        "bottomright",
    ]
    if position not in allowed_positions:
        print(
            "The position must be one of the following: {}".format(
                ", ".join(allowed_positions)
            )
        )
        return

    header = []
    content = []
    footer = []

    with open(legend_template) as f:
        lines = f.readlines()
        lines[3] = lines[3].replace("Legend", title)
        header = lines[:6]
        footer = lines[11:]

    for index, key in enumerate(labels):
        color = colors[index]
        if not color.startswith("#"):
            color = "#" + color
        item = "      <li><span style='background:{};'></span>{}</li>\n".format(
            color, key
        )
        content.append(item)

    legend_html = header + content + footer
    legend_text = "".join(legend_html)

    try:
        legend_output_widget = widgets.Output(
            layout={
                # "border": "1px solid black",
                "max_width": max_width,
                "min_width": min_width,
                "max_height": max_height,
                "min_height": min_height,
                "height": height,
                "width": width,
                "overflow": "scroll",
            }
        )
        legend_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
            widget=legend_output_widget, position=position
        )
        legend_widget = widgets.HTML(value=legend_text)
        with legend_output_widget:
            display(legend_widget)

        self.legend_widget = legend_output_widget
        self.legend_control = legend_control
        self.add(legend_control)

    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(e)

add_local_tile(self, source, indexes=None, colormap=None, vmin=None, vmax=None, nodata=None, attribution=None, layer_name='Raster', layer_index=None, zoom_to_layer=True, visible=True, opacity=1.0, array_args={}, client_args={'cors_all': False}, **kwargs)

Add a local raster dataset to the map. If you are using this function in JupyterHub on a remote server (e.g., Binder, Microsoft Planetary Computer) and if the raster does not render properly, try installing jupyter-server-proxy using pip install jupyter-server-proxy, then running the following code before calling this function. For more info, see https://bit.ly/3JbmF93.

1
2
import os
os.environ['LOCALTILESERVER_CLIENT_PREFIX'] = 'proxy/{port}'

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
source str

The path to the GeoTIFF file or the URL of the Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF.

required
indexes int

The band(s) to use. Band indexing starts at 1. Defaults to None.

None
colormap str

The name of the colormap from matplotlib to use when plotting a single band. See https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html. Default is greyscale.

None
vmin float

The minimum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.

None
vmax float

The maximum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.

None
nodata float

The value from the band to use to interpret as not valid data. Defaults to None.

None
attribution str

Attribution for the source raster. This defaults to a message about it being a local file.. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

The layer name to use. Defaults to 'Raster'.

'Raster'
layer_index int

The index of the layer. Defaults to None.

None
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the extent of the layer. Defaults to True.

True
visible bool

Whether the layer is visible. Defaults to True.

True
opacity float

The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.0.

1.0
array_args dict

Additional arguments to pass to array_to_memory_file when reading the raster. Defaults to {}.

{}
client_args dict

Additional arguments to pass to localtileserver.TileClient. Defaults to { "cors_all": False }.

{'cors_all': False}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_raster(
    self,
    source: str,
    indexes: Optional[int] = None,
    colormap: Optional[str] = None,
    vmin: Optional[float] = None,
    vmax: Optional[float] = None,
    nodata: Optional[float] = None,
    attribution: Optional[str] = None,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Raster",
    layer_index: Optional[int] = None,
    zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = True,
    visible: Optional[bool] = True,
    opacity: Optional[float] = 1.0,
    array_args: Optional[Dict] = {},
    client_args: Optional[Dict] = {"cors_all": False},
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Add a local raster dataset to the map.
        If you are using this function in JupyterHub on a remote server (e.g., Binder, Microsoft Planetary Computer) and
        if the raster does not render properly, try installing jupyter-server-proxy using `pip install jupyter-server-proxy`,
        then running the following code before calling this function. For more info, see https://bit.ly/3JbmF93.

        import os
        os.environ['LOCALTILESERVER_CLIENT_PREFIX'] = 'proxy/{port}'

    Args:
        source (str): The path to the GeoTIFF file or the URL of the Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF.
        indexes (int, optional): The band(s) to use. Band indexing starts at 1. Defaults to None.
        colormap (str, optional): The name of the colormap from `matplotlib` to use when plotting a single band. See https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html. Default is greyscale.
        vmin (float, optional): The minimum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
        vmax (float, optional): The maximum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
        nodata (float, optional): The value from the band to use to interpret as not valid data. Defaults to None.
        attribution (str, optional): Attribution for the source raster. This defaults to a message about it being a local file.. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to 'Raster'.
        layer_index (int, optional): The index of the layer. Defaults to None.
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the extent of the layer. Defaults to True.
        visible (bool, optional): Whether the layer is visible. Defaults to True.
        opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.0.
        array_args (dict, optional): Additional arguments to pass to `array_to_memory_file` when reading the raster. Defaults to {}.
        client_args (dict, optional): Additional arguments to pass to localtileserver.TileClient. Defaults to { "cors_all": False }.
    """
    import numpy as np
    import xarray as xr

    if isinstance(source, np.ndarray) or isinstance(source, xr.DataArray):
        source = array_to_image(source, **array_args)

    tile_layer, tile_client = get_local_tile_layer(
        source,
        indexes=indexes,
        colormap=colormap,
        vmin=vmin,
        vmax=vmax,
        nodata=nodata,
        opacity=opacity,
        attribution=attribution,
        layer_name=layer_name,
        client_args=client_args,
        return_client=True,
        **kwargs,
    )
    tile_layer.visible = visible

    self.add(tile_layer, index=layer_index)
    if zoom_to_layer:
        self.center = tile_client.center()
        try:
            self.zoom = tile_client.default_zoom
        except AttributeError:
            self.zoom = 15

    arc_add_layer(tile_layer.url, layer_name, True, 1.0)

    if not hasattr(self, "cog_layer_dict"):
        self.cog_layer_dict = {}

    if indexes is None:
        if len(tile_client.band_names) == 1:
            indexes = [1]
        else:
            indexes = [1, 2, 3]

    vis_bands = [tile_client.band_names[i - 1] for i in indexes]

    params = {
        "tile_layer": tile_layer,
        "tile_client": tile_client,
        "indexes": indexes,
        "vis_bands": vis_bands,
        "band_names": tile_client.band_names,
        "vmin": vmin,
        "vmax": vmax,
        "nodata": nodata,
        "colormap": colormap,
        "opacity": opacity,
        "layer_name": layer_name,
        "filename": tile_client.filename,
        "type": "LOCAL",
    }
    self.cog_layer_dict[layer_name] = params

add_marker(self, location, **kwargs)

Adds a marker to the map. More info about marker at https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/marker.html.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
location list | tuple

The location of the marker in the format of [lat, lng].

required
**kwargs

Keyword arguments for the marker.

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_marker(self, location, **kwargs) -> None:
    """Adds a marker to the map. More info about marker at https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/marker.html.

    Args:
        location (list | tuple): The location of the marker in the format of [lat, lng].

        **kwargs: Keyword arguments for the marker.
    """
    if isinstance(location, list):
        location = tuple(location)
    if isinstance(location, tuple):
        marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(location=location, **kwargs)
        self.add(marker)
    else:
        raise TypeError("The location must be a list or a tuple.")

add_marker_cluster(self, data, x='longitude', y='latitude', popup=None, layer_name='Marker Cluster', color_column=None, marker_colors=None, icon_colors=['white'], icon_names=['info'], spin=False, add_legend=True, max_cluster_radius=80, **kwargs)

Adds a marker cluster to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data str | pd.DataFrame

A csv or Pandas DataFrame containing x, y, z values.

required
x str

The column name for the x values. Defaults to "longitude".

'longitude'
y str

The column name for the y values. Defaults to "latitude".

'latitude'
popup list

A list of column names to be used as the popup. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

The name of the layer. Defaults to "Marker Cluster".

'Marker Cluster'
color_column str

The column name for the color values. Defaults to None.

None
marker_colors list

A list of colors to be used for the markers. Defaults to None.

None
icon_colors list

A list of colors to be used for the icons. Defaults to ['white'].

['white']
icon_names list

A list of names to be used for the icons. More icons can be found at https://fontawesome.com/v4/icons. Defaults to ['info'].

['info']
spin bool

If True, the icon will spin. Defaults to False.

False
add_legend bool

If True, a legend will be added to the map. Defaults to True.

True
max_cluster_radius int

The maximum cluster radius. Defaults to 80.

80
**kwargs

Other keyword arguments to pass to ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(). For a list of available options, see https://github.com/Leaflet/Leaflet.markercluster.

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_points_from_xy(
    self,
    data: Optional[Union[pd.DataFrame, str]],
    x: Optional[str] = "longitude",
    y: Optional[str] = "latitude",
    popup: Optional[list] = None,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Marker Cluster",
    color_column: Optional[str] = None,
    marker_colors: Optional[str] = None,
    icon_colors: Optional[list[str]] = ["white"],
    icon_names: Optional[list[str]] = ["info"],
    spin: Optional[bool] = False,
    add_legend: Optional[bool] = True,
    max_cluster_radius: Optional[int] = 80,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a marker cluster to the map.

    Args:
        data (str | pd.DataFrame): A csv or Pandas DataFrame containing x, y, z values.
        x (str, optional): The column name for the x values. Defaults to "longitude".
        y (str, optional): The column name for the y values. Defaults to "latitude".
        popup (list, optional): A list of column names to be used as the popup. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): The name of the layer. Defaults to "Marker Cluster".
        color_column (str, optional): The column name for the color values. Defaults to None.
        marker_colors (list, optional): A list of colors to be used for the markers. Defaults to None.
        icon_colors (list, optional): A list of colors to be used for the icons. Defaults to ['white'].
        icon_names (list, optional): A list of names to be used for the icons. More icons can be found at https://fontawesome.com/v4/icons. Defaults to ['info'].
        spin (bool, optional): If True, the icon will spin. Defaults to False.
        add_legend (bool, optional): If True, a legend will be added to the map. Defaults to True.
        max_cluster_radius (int, optional): The maximum cluster radius. Defaults to 80.
        **kwargs: Other keyword arguments to pass to ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(). For a list of available options,
            see https://github.com/Leaflet/Leaflet.markercluster.

    """
    import pandas as pd

    color_options = [
        "red",
        "blue",
        "green",
        "purple",
        "orange",
        "darkred",
        "lightred",
        "beige",
        "darkblue",
        "darkgreen",
        "cadetblue",
        "darkpurple",
        "white",
        "pink",
        "lightblue",
        "lightgreen",
        "gray",
        "black",
        "lightgray",
    ]

    if isinstance(data, pd.DataFrame):
        df = data
    elif not data.startswith("http") and (not os.path.exists(data)):
        raise FileNotFoundError("The specified input csv does not exist.")
    elif data.endswith(".csv"):
        df = pd.read_csv(data)
    else:
        import geopandas as gpd

        gdf = gpd.read_file(data)
        df = gdf_to_df(gdf)

    df = points_from_xy(df, x, y)

    col_names = df.columns.values.tolist()

    if color_column is not None and color_column not in col_names:
        raise ValueError(
            f"The color column {color_column} does not exist in the dataframe."
        )

    if color_column is not None:
        items = list(set(df[color_column]))

    else:
        items = None

    if color_column is not None and marker_colors is None:
        if len(items) > len(color_options):
            raise ValueError(
                f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is greater than the number of available colors."
            )
        else:
            marker_colors = color_options[: len(items)]
    elif color_column is not None and marker_colors is not None:
        if len(items) != len(marker_colors):
            raise ValueError(
                f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is not equal to the number of available colors."
            )

    if items is not None:
        if len(icon_colors) == 1:
            icon_colors = icon_colors * len(items)
        elif len(items) != len(icon_colors):
            raise ValueError(
                f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is not equal to the number of available colors."
            )

        if len(icon_names) == 1:
            icon_names = icon_names * len(items)
        elif len(items) != len(icon_names):
            raise ValueError(
                f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is not equal to the number of available colors."
            )

    if "geometry" in col_names:
        col_names.remove("geometry")

    if popup is not None:
        if isinstance(popup, str) and (popup not in col_names):
            raise ValueError(
                f"popup must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}"
            )
        elif isinstance(popup, list) and (
            not all(item in col_names for item in popup)
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                f"All popup items must be select from: {', '.join(col_names)}"
            )
    else:
        popup = col_names

    df["x"] = df.geometry.x
    df["y"] = df.geometry.y

    points = list(zip(df["y"], df["x"]))

    if popup is not None:
        if isinstance(popup, str):
            labels = df[popup]

            markers = []
            for index, point in enumerate(points):
                if items is not None:
                    marker_color = marker_colors[
                        items.index(df[color_column][index])
                    ]
                    icon_name = icon_names[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                    icon_color = icon_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                    marker_icon = ipyleaflet.AwesomeIcon(
                        name=icon_name,
                        marker_color=marker_color,
                        icon_color=icon_color,
                        spin=spin,
                    )
                else:
                    marker_icon = None

                marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
                    location=point,
                    draggable=False,
                    popup=widgets.HTML(str(labels[index])),
                    icon=marker_icon,
                )
                markers.append(marker)

        elif isinstance(popup, list):
            labels = []
            for i in range(len(points)):
                label = ""
                for item in popup:
                    label = (
                        label
                        + "<b>"
                        + str(item)
                        + "</b>"
                        + ": "
                        + str(df[item][i])
                        + "<br>"
                    )
                labels.append(label)
            df["popup"] = labels

            markers = []
            for index, point in enumerate(points):
                if items is not None:
                    marker_color = marker_colors[
                        items.index(df[color_column][index])
                    ]
                    icon_name = icon_names[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                    icon_color = icon_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                    marker_icon = ipyleaflet.AwesomeIcon(
                        name=icon_name,
                        marker_color=marker_color,
                        icon_color=icon_color,
                        spin=spin,
                    )
                else:
                    marker_icon = None

                marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
                    location=point,
                    draggable=False,
                    popup=widgets.HTML(labels[index]),
                    icon=marker_icon,
                )
                markers.append(marker)

    else:
        markers = []
        for point in points:
            if items is not None:
                marker_color = marker_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                icon_name = icon_names[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                icon_color = icon_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                marker_icon = ipyleaflet.AwesomeIcon(
                    name=icon_name,
                    marker_color=marker_color,
                    icon_color=icon_color,
                    spin=spin,
                )
            else:
                marker_icon = None

            marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
                location=point, draggable=False, icon=marker_icon
            )
            markers.append(marker)

    marker_cluster = ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(
        markers=markers,
        name=layer_name,
        max_cluster_radius=max_cluster_radius,
        **kwargs,
    )
    self.add(marker_cluster)

    if items is not None and add_legend:
        marker_colors = [check_color(c) for c in marker_colors]
        self.add_legend(
            title=color_column.title(), colors=marker_colors, labels=items
        )

    self.default_style = {"cursor": "default"}

add_markers(self, markers, x='lon', y='lat', radius=10, popup=None, font_size=2, stroke=True, color='#0033FF', weight=2, fill=True, fill_color=None, fill_opacity=0.2, opacity=1.0, shape='circle', layer_name='Markers', **kwargs)

Adds markers to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
markers Union[List[List[Union[int, float]]], List[Union[int, float]]]

List of markers. Each marker can be defined as a list of [x, y] coordinates or as a single [x, y] coordinate.

required
x str

Name of the x-coordinate column in the marker data. Defaults to "lon".

'lon'
y str

Name of the y-coordinate column in the marker data. Defaults to "lat".

'lat'
radius int

Radius of the markers. Defaults to 10.

10
popup str

Popup text for the markers. Defaults to None.

None
font_size int

Font size of the popup text. Defaults to 2.

2
stroke bool

Whether to display marker stroke. Defaults to True.

True
color str

Color of the marker stroke. Defaults to "#0033FF".

'#0033FF'
weight int

Weight of the marker stroke. Defaults to 2.

2
fill bool

Whether to fill markers. Defaults to True.

True
fill_color str

Fill color of the markers. Defaults to None.

None
fill_opacity float

Opacity of the marker fill. Defaults to 0.2.

0.2
opacity float

Opacity of the markers. Defaults to 1.0.

1.0
shape str

Shape of the markers. Options are "circle" or "marker". Defaults to "circle".

'circle'
layer_name str

Name of the marker layer. Defaults to "Markers".

'Markers'
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the marker plotting function.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
None

This function does not return any value.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_markers(
    self,
    markers: Union[List[List[Union[int, float]]], List[Union[int, float]]],
    x: str = "lon",
    y: str = "lat",
    radius: int = 10,
    popup: Optional[str] = None,
    font_size: int = 2,
    stroke: bool = True,
    color: str = "#0033FF",
    weight: int = 2,
    fill: bool = True,
    fill_color: Optional[str] = None,
    fill_opacity: float = 0.2,
    opacity: float = 1.0,
    shape: str = "circle",
    layer_name: str = "Markers",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """
    Adds markers to the map.

    Args:
        markers (Union[List[List[Union[int, float]]], List[Union[int, float]]]): List of markers.
            Each marker can be defined as a list of [x, y] coordinates or as a single [x, y] coordinate.
        x (str, optional): Name of the x-coordinate column in the marker data. Defaults to "lon".
        y (str, optional): Name of the y-coordinate column in the marker data. Defaults to "lat".
        radius (int, optional): Radius of the markers. Defaults to 10.
        popup (str, optional): Popup text for the markers. Defaults to None.
        font_size (int, optional): Font size of the popup text. Defaults to 2.
        stroke (bool, optional): Whether to display marker stroke. Defaults to True.
        color (str, optional): Color of the marker stroke. Defaults to "#0033FF".
        weight (int, optional): Weight of the marker stroke. Defaults to 2.
        fill (bool, optional): Whether to fill markers. Defaults to True.
        fill_color (str, optional): Fill color of the markers. Defaults to None.
        fill_opacity (float, optional): Opacity of the marker fill. Defaults to 0.2.
        opacity (float, optional): Opacity of the markers. Defaults to 1.0.
        shape (str, optional): Shape of the markers. Options are "circle" or "marker". Defaults to "circle".
        layer_name (str, optional): Name of the marker layer. Defaults to "Markers".
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the marker plotting function.

    Returns:
        None: This function does not return any value.
    """
    import geopandas as gpd

    if (
        isinstance(markers, list)
        and len(markers) == 2
        and isinstance(markers[0], (int, float))
        and isinstance(markers[1], (int, float))
    ):
        markers = [markers]

    if isinstance(markers, list) and all(
        isinstance(item, list) and len(item) == 2 for item in markers
    ):
        df = pd.DataFrame(markers, columns=[y, x])
        markers = gpd.GeoDataFrame(df, geometry=gpd.points_from_xy(df[x], df[y]))

    if shape == "circle":
        self.add_circle_markers_from_xy(
            markers,
            x,
            y,
            radius,
            popup,
            font_size,
            stroke,
            color,
            weight,
            fill,
            fill_color,
            fill_opacity,
            opacity,
            layer_name,
            **kwargs,
        )

    elif shape == "marker":
        self.add_gdf(markers, **kwargs)

add_minimap(self, zoom=5, position='bottomright')

Adds a minimap (overview) to the ipyleaflet map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
zoom int

Initial map zoom level. Defaults to 5.

5
position str

Position of the minimap. Defaults to "bottomright".

'bottomright'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_minimap(self, zoom=5, position="bottomright"):
    """Adds a minimap (overview) to the ipyleaflet map.

    Args:
        zoom (int, optional): Initial map zoom level. Defaults to 5.
        position (str, optional): Position of the minimap. Defaults to "bottomright".
    """
    layers = [get_basemap("Esri.WorldImagery")]
    minimap = ipyleaflet.Map(
        zoom_control=False,
        attribution_control=False,
        zoom=zoom,
        center=self.center,
        layers=layers,
    )
    minimap.layout.width = "150px"
    minimap.layout.height = "150px"
    ipyleaflet.link((minimap, "center"), (self, "center"))
    minimap_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(widget=minimap, position=position)
    self.add(minimap_control)

add_mosaic_layer(self, url=None, titiler_endpoint=None, name='Mosaic Layer', attribution='', opacity=1.0, shown=True, **kwargs)

Adds a STAC TileLayer to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a MosaicJSON.

None
titiler_endpoint str

Titiler endpoint, e.g., "https://titiler.xyz". Defaults to None.

None
name str

The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'Mosaic Layer'.

'Mosaic Layer'
attribution str

The attribution to use. Defaults to ''.

''
opacity float

The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.

1.0
shown bool

A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.

True
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_mosaic_layer(
    self,
    url=None,
    titiler_endpoint=None,
    name="Mosaic Layer",
    attribution="",
    opacity=1.0,
    shown=True,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a STAC TileLayer to the map.

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a MosaicJSON.
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): Titiler endpoint, e.g., "https://titiler.xyz". Defaults to None.
        name (str, optional): The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'Mosaic Layer'.
        attribution (str, optional): The attribution to use. Defaults to ''.
        opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.
        shown (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.
    """
    tile_url = mosaic_tile(url, titiler_endpoint, **kwargs)

    bounds = mosaic_bounds(url, titiler_endpoint)
    self.add_tile_layer(tile_url, name, attribution, opacity, shown)
    self.fit_bounds([[bounds[1], bounds[0]], [bounds[3], bounds[2]]])

add_netcdf(self, filename, variables=None, palette=None, vmin=None, vmax=None, nodata=None, attribution=None, layer_name='NetCDF layer', shift_lon=True, lat='lat', lon='lon', lev='lev', level_index=0, time=0, **kwargs)

Generate an ipyleaflet/folium TileLayer from a netCDF file. If you are using this function in JupyterHub on a remote server (e.g., Binder, Microsoft Planetary Computer), try adding to following two lines to the beginning of the notebook if the raster does not render properly.

1
2
import os
os.environ['LOCALTILESERVER_CLIENT_PREFIX'] = f'{os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_PREFIX'].lstrip('/')}/proxy/{{port}}'

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
filename str

File path or HTTP URL to the netCDF file.

required
variables int

The variable/band names to extract data from the netCDF file. Defaults to None. If None, all variables will be extracted.

None
port str

The port to use for the server. Defaults to "default".

required
palette str

The name of the color palette from palettable to use when plotting a single band. See https://jiffyclub.github.io/palettable. Default is greyscale

None
vmin float

The minimum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.

None
vmax float

The maximum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.

None
nodata float

The value from the band to use to interpret as not valid data. Defaults to None.

None
attribution str

Attribution for the source raster. This defaults to a message about it being a local file.. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

The layer name to use. Defaults to "netCDF layer".

'NetCDF layer'
shift_lon bool

Flag to shift longitude values from [0, 360] to the range [-180, 180]. Defaults to True.

True
lat str

Name of the latitude variable. Defaults to 'lat'.

'lat'
lon str

Name of the longitude variable. Defaults to 'lon'.

'lon'
lev str

Name of the level variable. Defaults to 'lev'.

'lev'
level_index int

Index of level to use. Defaults to 0'.

0
time int

Index of time to use. Defaults to 0'.

0
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_netcdf(
    self,
    filename: str,
    variables: Optional[int] = None,
    palette: Optional[str] = None,
    vmin: Optional[float] = None,
    vmax: Optional[float] = None,
    nodata: Optional[float] = None,
    attribution: Optional[str] = None,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "NetCDF layer",
    shift_lon: Optional[bool] = True,
    lat: Optional[str] = "lat",
    lon: Optional[str] = "lon",
    lev: Optional[str] = "lev",
    level_index: Optional[int] = 0,
    time: Optional[int] = 0,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Generate an ipyleaflet/folium TileLayer from a netCDF file.
        If you are using this function in JupyterHub on a remote server (e.g., Binder, Microsoft Planetary Computer),
        try adding to following two lines to the beginning of the notebook if the raster does not render properly.

        import os
        os.environ['LOCALTILESERVER_CLIENT_PREFIX'] = f'{os.environ['JUPYTERHUB_SERVICE_PREFIX'].lstrip('/')}/proxy/{{port}}'

    Args:
        filename (str): File path or HTTP URL to the netCDF file.
        variables (int, optional): The variable/band names to extract data from the netCDF file. Defaults to None. If None, all variables will be extracted.
        port (str, optional): The port to use for the server. Defaults to "default".
        palette (str, optional): The name of the color palette from `palettable` to use when plotting a single band. See https://jiffyclub.github.io/palettable. Default is greyscale
        vmin (float, optional): The minimum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
        vmax (float, optional): The maximum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
        nodata (float, optional): The value from the band to use to interpret as not valid data. Defaults to None.
        attribution (str, optional): Attribution for the source raster. This defaults to a message about it being a local file.. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to "netCDF layer".
        shift_lon (bool, optional): Flag to shift longitude values from [0, 360] to the range [-180, 180]. Defaults to True.
        lat (str, optional): Name of the latitude variable. Defaults to 'lat'.
        lon (str, optional): Name of the longitude variable. Defaults to 'lon'.
        lev (str, optional): Name of the level variable. Defaults to 'lev'.
        level_index (int, optional): Index of level to use. Defaults to 0'.
        time (int, optional): Index of time to use. Defaults to 0'.
    """

    tif, vars = netcdf_to_tif(
        filename,
        shift_lon=shift_lon,
        lat=lat,
        lon=lon,
        lev=lev,
        level_index=level_index,
        time=time,
        return_vars=True,
    )

    if variables is None:
        if len(vars) >= 3:
            band_idx = [1, 2, 3]
        else:
            band_idx = [1]
    else:
        if not set(variables).issubset(set(vars)):
            raise ValueError(f"The variables must be a subset of {vars}.")
        else:
            band_idx = [vars.index(v) + 1 for v in variables]

    self.add_raster(
        tif,
        band=band_idx,
        palette=palette,
        vmin=vmin,
        vmax=vmax,
        nodata=nodata,
        attribution=attribution,
        layer_name=layer_name,
        **kwargs,
    )

add_nlcd(self, years=[2023], add_legend=True, **kwargs)

Adds National Land Cover Database (NLCD) data to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
years list

A list of years to add. It can be any of 1985-2023. Defaults to [2023].

[2023]
add_legend bool

Whether to add a legend to the map. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the add_cog_layer method.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
None

None

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_nlcd(self, years: list = [2023], add_legend: bool = True, **kwargs) -> None:
    """
    Adds National Land Cover Database (NLCD) data to the map.

    Args:
        years (list): A list of years to add. It can be any of 1985-2023. Defaults to [2023].
        add_legend (bool): Whether to add a legend to the map. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the add_cog_layer method.

    Returns:
        None
    """
    allowed_years = list(range(1985, 2024, 1))
    url = (
        "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mrlc/Annual_NLCD_LndCov_{}_CU_C1V0.tif"
    )

    if "colormap" not in kwargs:

        kwargs["colormap"] = {
            "11": "#466b9f",
            "12": "#d1def8",
            "21": "#dec5c5",
            "22": "#d99282",
            "23": "#eb0000",
            "24": "#ab0000",
            "31": "#b3ac9f",
            "41": "#68ab5f",
            "42": "#1c5f2c",
            "43": "#b5c58f",
            "51": "#af963c",
            "52": "#ccb879",
            "71": "#dfdfc2",
            "72": "#d1d182",
            "73": "#a3cc51",
            "74": "#82ba9e",
            "81": "#dcd939",
            "82": "#ab6c28",
            "90": "#b8d9eb",
            "95": "#6c9fb8",
        }

    if "zoom_to_layer" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["zoom_to_layer"] = False

    for year in years:
        if year not in allowed_years:
            raise ValueError(f"Year must be one of {allowed_years}.")
        year_url = url.format(year)
        self.add_cog_layer(year_url, name=f"NLCD {year}", **kwargs)
    if add_legend:
        self.add_legend(title="NLCD Land Cover Type", builtin_legend="NLCD")

add_nlcd_ts(self, left_year=1985, right_layer=2023, widget_width='70px', add_legend=True, add_layer_control=True, **kwargs)

Adds a time series comparison of NLCD (National Land Cover Database) layers to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
left_year int

The initial year for the left layer. Defaults to 1985.

1985
right_layer int

The initial year for the right layer. Defaults to 2023.

2023
widget_width str

The width of the dropdown widgets. Defaults to "70px".

'70px'
add_legend bool

If True, adds a legend to the map. Defaults to True.

True
add_layer_control bool

If True, adds a layer control to the map. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs Any

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the cog_tile function.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
None

None

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_nlcd_ts(
    self,
    left_year: int = 1985,
    right_layer: int = 2023,
    widget_width: str = "70px",
    add_legend: bool = True,
    add_layer_control: bool = True,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> None:
    """
    Adds a time series comparison of NLCD (National Land Cover Database) layers to the map.

    Args:
        left_year (int, optional): The initial year for the left layer. Defaults to 1985.
        right_layer (int, optional): The initial year for the right layer. Defaults to 2023.
        widget_width (str, optional): The width of the dropdown widgets. Defaults to "70px".
        add_legend (bool, optional): If True, adds a legend to the map. Defaults to True.
        add_layer_control (bool, optional): If True, adds a layer control to the map. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments to pass to the cog_tile function.

    Returns:
        None
    """

    allowed_years = list(range(1985, 2024, 1))

    left_widget = widgets.Dropdown(
        options=allowed_years,
        value=left_year,
        style={"description_width": "initial"},
        layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
    )
    right_widget = widgets.Dropdown(
        options=allowed_years,
        value=right_layer,
        style={"description_width": "initial"},
        layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
    )

    left_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(widget=left_widget, position="topleft")
    right_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
        widget=right_widget, position="topright"
    )

    self.add(left_control)
    self.add(right_control)

    url = (
        "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mrlc/Annual_NLCD_LndCov_{}_CU_C1V0.tif"
    )

    colormap = {
        "11": "#466b9f",
        "12": "#d1def8",
        "21": "#dec5c5",
        "22": "#d99282",
        "23": "#eb0000",
        "24": "#ab0000",
        "31": "#b3ac9f",
        "41": "#68ab5f",
        "42": "#1c5f2c",
        "43": "#b5c58f",
        "51": "#af963c",
        "52": "#ccb879",
        "71": "#dfdfc2",
        "72": "#d1d182",
        "73": "#a3cc51",
        "74": "#82ba9e",
        "81": "#dcd939",
        "82": "#ab6c28",
        "90": "#b8d9eb",
        "95": "#6c9fb8",
    }
    left_url = url.format(left_year)
    right_url = url.format(right_layer)
    left_tile = cog_tile(left_url, colormap=colormap, **kwargs)
    right_tile = cog_tile(right_url, colormap=colormap, **kwargs)
    left_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(url=left_tile, name=f"NLCD {left_year}")
    right_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(url=right_tile, name=f"NLCD {right_layer}")
    split_control = ipyleaflet.SplitMapControl(
        left_layer=left_layer, right_layer=right_layer
    )
    self.add(split_control)

    if add_layer_control:
        self.add_layer_control()

    if add_legend:
        self.add_legend(title="NLCD Land Cover Type", builtin_legend="NLCD")

    def change_left_year(change):
        left_tile = cog_tile(url.format(change.new), colormap=colormap, **kwargs)
        left_layer.url = left_tile
        left_layer.name = f"NLCD {change.new}"

    def change_right_year(change):
        right_tile = cog_tile(url.format(change.new), colormap=colormap, **kwargs)
        right_layer.url = right_tile
        right_layer.name = f"NLCD {change.new}"

    left_widget.observe(change_left_year, names="value")
    right_widget.observe(change_right_year, names="value")

add_nwi(self, data, col_name='WETLAND_TY', add_legend=True, style_callback=None, layer_name='Wetlands', **kwargs)

Adds National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) data to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame]

The NWI data to add. It can be a file path or a GeoDataFrame.

required
col_name str

The column name in the GeoDataFrame that contains the wetland types.

'WETLAND_TY'
add_legend bool

Whether to add a legend to the map. Defaults to True.

True
style_callback Optional[Callable[[dict], dict]]

A callback function to style the features. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

The name of the layer to add. Defaults to "Wetlands".

'Wetlands'
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the add_vector or add_gdf method.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
None

None

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_nwi(
    self,
    data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame"],
    col_name: str = "WETLAND_TY",
    add_legend: bool = True,
    style_callback: Optional[Callable[[dict], dict]] = None,
    layer_name: str = "Wetlands",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """
    Adds National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) data to the map.

    Args:
        data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame]): The NWI data to add. It can be a file path or a GeoDataFrame.
        col_name (str): The column name in the GeoDataFrame that contains the wetland types.
        add_legend (bool): Whether to add a legend to the map. Defaults to True.
        style_callback (Optional[Callable[[dict], dict]]): A callback function to style the features. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str): The name of the layer to add. Defaults to "Wetlands".
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the add_vector or add_gdf method.

    Returns:
        None
    """

    nwi = {
        "Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland": "#008837",
        "Freshwater Emergent Wetland": "#7fc31c",
        "Freshwater Pond": "#688cc0",
        "Estuarine and Marine Wetland": "#66c2a5",
        "Riverine": "#0190bf",
        "Lake": "#13007c",
        "Estuarine and Marine Deepwater": "#007c88",
        "Other": "#b28656",
    }

    def nwi_color(feature):
        return {
            "color": "black",
            "fillColor": (
                nwi[feature["properties"][col_name]]
                if feature["properties"][col_name] in nwi
                else "gray"
            ),
            "fillOpacity": 0.6,
            "weight": 1,
        }

    if style_callback is None:
        style_callback = nwi_color

    if isinstance(data, str):
        self.add_vector(
            data, style_callback=style_callback, layer_name=layer_name, **kwargs
        )
    else:
        self.add_gdf(
            data, style_callback=style_callback, layer_name=layer_name, **kwargs
        )
    if add_legend:
        self.add_legend(title="Wetland Type", builtin_legend="NWI")

add_oam_gui(self, position='topright', opened=True)

Add the OpenAerialMap search widget to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
position str

The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".

'topright'
opened bool

Whether the widget is open. Defaults to True.

True
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_oam_gui(
    self, position: Optional[str] = "topright", opened: bool = True
) -> None:
    """Add the OpenAerialMap search widget to the map.

    Args:
        position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".
        opened (bool, optional): Whether the widget is open. Defaults to True.
    """
    from .toolbar import oam_search_gui

    oam_search_gui(self, position, opened)

add_osm_from_address(self, address, tags, dist=1000, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover')

Adds OSM entities within some distance N, S, E, W of address to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
address str

The address to geocode and use as the central point around which to get the geometries.

required
tags dict

Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.

required
dist int

Distance in meters. Defaults to 1000.

1000
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_osm_from_address(
    self,
    address,
    tags,
    dist=1000,
    layer_name="Untitled",
    style={},
    hover_style={},
    style_callback=None,
    fill_colors=None,
    info_mode="on_hover",
) -> None:
    """Adds OSM entities within some distance N, S, E, W of address to the map.

    Args:
        address (str): The address to geocode and use as the central point around which to get the geometries.
        tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
        dist (int, optional): Distance in meters. Defaults to 1000.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

    """
    gdf = osm_gdf_from_address(address, tags, dist)
    geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

    self.add_geojson(
        geojson,
        layer_name=layer_name,
        style=style,
        hover_style=hover_style,
        style_callback=style_callback,
        fill_colors=fill_colors,
        info_mode=info_mode,
    )
    self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

add_osm_from_bbox(self, north, south, east, west, tags, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover')

Adds OSM entities within a N, S, E, W bounding box to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
north float

Northern latitude of bounding box.

required
south float

Southern latitude of bounding box.

required
east float

Eastern longitude of bounding box.

required
west float

Western longitude of bounding box.

required
tags dict

Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.

required
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_osm_from_bbox(
    self,
    north,
    south,
    east,
    west,
    tags,
    layer_name="Untitled",
    style={},
    hover_style={},
    style_callback=None,
    fill_colors=None,
    info_mode="on_hover",
) -> None:
    """Adds OSM entities within a N, S, E, W bounding box to the map.


    Args:
        north (float): Northern latitude of bounding box.
        south (float): Southern latitude of bounding box.
        east (float): Eastern longitude of bounding box.
        west (float): Western longitude of bounding box.
        tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

    """
    gdf = osm_gdf_from_bbox(north, south, east, west, tags)
    geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

    self.add_geojson(
        geojson,
        layer_name=layer_name,
        style=style,
        hover_style=hover_style,
        style_callback=style_callback,
        fill_colors=fill_colors,
        info_mode=info_mode,
    )
    self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

add_osm_from_geocode(self, query, which_result=None, by_osmid=False, buffer_dist=None, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover')

Adds OSM data of place(s) by name or ID to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
query str | dict | list

Query string(s) or structured dict(s) to geocode.

required
which_result int

Which geocoding result to use. if None, auto-select the first (Multi)Polygon or raise an error if OSM doesn't return one. to get the top match regardless of geometry type, set which_result=1. Defaults to None.

None
by_osmid bool

If True, handle query as an OSM ID for lookup rather than text search. Defaults to False.

False
buffer_dist float

Distance to buffer around the place geometry, in meters. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_osm_from_geocode(
    self,
    query,
    which_result=None,
    by_osmid=False,
    buffer_dist=None,
    layer_name="Untitled",
    style={},
    hover_style={},
    style_callback=None,
    fill_colors=None,
    info_mode="on_hover",
) -> None:
    """Adds OSM data of place(s) by name or ID to the map.

    Args:
        query (str | dict | list): Query string(s) or structured dict(s) to geocode.
        which_result (int, optional): Which geocoding result to use. if None, auto-select the first (Multi)Polygon or raise an error if OSM doesn't return one. to get the top match regardless of geometry type, set which_result=1. Defaults to None.
        by_osmid (bool, optional): If True, handle query as an OSM ID for lookup rather than text search. Defaults to False.
        buffer_dist (float, optional): Distance to buffer around the place geometry, in meters. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

    """

    gdf = osm_gdf_from_geocode(
        query, which_result=which_result, by_osmid=by_osmid, buffer_dist=buffer_dist
    )
    geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

    self.add_geojson(
        geojson,
        layer_name=layer_name,
        style=style,
        hover_style=hover_style,
        style_callback=style_callback,
        fill_colors=fill_colors,
        info_mode=info_mode,
    )
    self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

add_osm_from_place(self, query, tags, which_result=None, buffer_dist=None, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover')

Adds OSM entities within boundaries of geocodable place(s) to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
query str | dict | list

Query string(s) or structured dict(s) to geocode.

required
tags dict

Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.

required
which_result int

Which geocoding result to use. if None, auto-select the first (Multi)Polygon or raise an error if OSM doesn't return one. to get the top match regardless of geometry type, set which_result=1. Defaults to None.

None
buffer_dist float

Distance to buffer around the place geometry, in meters. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_osm_from_place(
    self,
    query,
    tags,
    which_result=None,
    buffer_dist=None,
    layer_name="Untitled",
    style={},
    hover_style={},
    style_callback=None,
    fill_colors=None,
    info_mode="on_hover",
) -> None:
    """Adds OSM entities within boundaries of geocodable place(s) to the map.

    Args:
        query (str | dict | list): Query string(s) or structured dict(s) to geocode.
        tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
        which_result (int, optional): Which geocoding result to use. if None, auto-select the first (Multi)Polygon or raise an error if OSM doesn't return one. to get the top match regardless of geometry type, set which_result=1. Defaults to None.
        buffer_dist (float, optional): Distance to buffer around the place geometry, in meters. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

    """
    gdf = osm_gdf_from_place(query, tags, which_result, buffer_dist)
    geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

    self.add_geojson(
        geojson,
        layer_name=layer_name,
        style=style,
        hover_style=hover_style,
        style_callback=style_callback,
        fill_colors=fill_colors,
        info_mode=info_mode,
    )
    self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

add_osm_from_point(self, center_point, tags, dist=1000, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover')

Adds OSM entities within some distance N, S, E, W of a point to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
center_point tuple

The (lat, lng) center point around which to get the geometries.

required
tags dict

Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.

required
dist int

Distance in meters. Defaults to 1000.

1000
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_osm_from_point(
    self,
    center_point,
    tags,
    dist=1000,
    layer_name="Untitled",
    style={},
    hover_style={},
    style_callback=None,
    fill_colors=None,
    info_mode="on_hover",
) -> None:
    """Adds OSM entities within some distance N, S, E, W of a point to the map.

    Args:
        center_point (tuple): The (lat, lng) center point around which to get the geometries.
        tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
        dist (int, optional): Distance in meters. Defaults to 1000.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

    """
    gdf = osm_gdf_from_point(center_point, tags, dist)
    geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

    self.add_geojson(
        geojson,
        layer_name=layer_name,
        style=style,
        hover_style=hover_style,
        style_callback=style_callback,
        fill_colors=fill_colors,
        info_mode=info_mode,
    )
    self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

add_osm_from_polygon(self, polygon, tags, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover')

Adds OSM entities within boundaries of a (multi)polygon to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
polygon shapely.geometry.Polygon | shapely.geometry.MultiPolygon

Geographic boundaries to fetch geometries within

required
tags dict

Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.

required
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_osm_from_polygon(
    self,
    polygon,
    tags,
    layer_name="Untitled",
    style={},
    hover_style={},
    style_callback=None,
    fill_colors=None,
    info_mode="on_hover",
) -> None:
    """Adds OSM entities within boundaries of a (multi)polygon to the map.

    Args:
        polygon (shapely.geometry.Polygon | shapely.geometry.MultiPolygon): Geographic boundaries to fetch geometries within
        tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

    """
    gdf = osm_gdf_from_polygon(polygon, tags)
    geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

    self.add_geojson(
        geojson,
        layer_name=layer_name,
        style=style,
        hover_style=hover_style,
        style_callback=style_callback,
        fill_colors=fill_colors,
        info_mode=info_mode,
    )
    self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

add_osm_from_view(self, tags, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover')

Adds OSM entities within the current map view to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
tags dict

Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.

required
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_osm_from_view(
    self,
    tags,
    layer_name="Untitled",
    style={},
    hover_style={},
    style_callback=None,
    fill_colors=None,
    info_mode="on_hover",
) -> None:
    """Adds OSM entities within the current map view to the map.

    Args:
        tags (dict): Dict of tags used for finding objects in the selected area. Results returned are the union, not intersection of each individual tag. Each result matches at least one given tag. The dict keys should be OSM tags, (e.g., building, landuse, highway, etc) and the dict values should be either True to retrieve all items with the given tag, or a string to get a single tag-value combination, or a list of strings to get multiple values for the given tag. For example, tags = {‘building’: True} would return all building footprints in the area. tags = {‘amenity’:True, ‘landuse’:[‘retail’,’commercial’], ‘highway’:’bus_stop’} would return all amenities, landuse=retail, landuse=commercial, and highway=bus_stop.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

    """
    bounds = self.bounds
    if len(bounds) == 0:
        bounds = (
            (40.74824858675827, -73.98933637940563),
            (40.75068694343106, -73.98364473187601),
        )
    north, south, east, west = (
        bounds[1][0],
        bounds[0][0],
        bounds[1][1],
        bounds[0][1],
    )

    gdf = osm_gdf_from_bbox(north, south, east, west, tags)
    geojson = gdf.__geo_interface__

    self.add_geojson(
        geojson,
        layer_name=layer_name,
        style=style,
        hover_style=hover_style,
        style_callback=style_callback,
        fill_colors=fill_colors,
        info_mode=info_mode,
    )
    self.zoom_to_gdf(gdf)

add_planet_by_month(self, year=2016, month=1, layer_name=None, api_key=None, token_name='PLANET_API_KEY', **kwargs)

Adds a Planet global mosaic by month to the map. To get a Planet API key, see https://developers.planet.com/quickstart/apis

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
year int

The year of Planet global mosaic, must be >=2016. Defaults to 2016.

2016
month int

The month of Planet global mosaic, must be 1-12. Defaults to 1.

1
layer_name str

The layer name to use. Defaults to None.

None
api_key str

The Planet API key. Defaults to None.

None
token_name str

The environment variable name of the API key. Defaults to "PLANET_API_KEY".

'PLANET_API_KEY'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_planet_by_month(
    self,
    year: Optional[int] = 2016,
    month: Optional[int] = 1,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = None,
    api_key: Optional[str] = None,
    token_name: Optional[str] = "PLANET_API_KEY",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a Planet global mosaic by month to the map. To get a Planet API key, see https://developers.planet.com/quickstart/apis

    Args:
        year (int, optional): The year of Planet global mosaic, must be >=2016. Defaults to 2016.
        month (int, optional): The month of Planet global mosaic, must be 1-12. Defaults to 1.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to None.
        api_key (str, optional): The Planet API key. Defaults to None.
        token_name (str, optional): The environment variable name of the API key. Defaults to "PLANET_API_KEY".
    """
    if layer_name is None and "name" in kwargs:
        layer_name = kwargs.pop("name")
    layer = planet_tile_by_month(year, month, layer_name, api_key, token_name)
    self.add(layer)

add_planet_by_quarter(self, year=2016, quarter=1, layer_name=None, api_key=None, token_name='PLANET_API_KEY', **kwargs)

Adds a Planet global mosaic by quarter to the map. To get a Planet API key, see https://developers.planet.com/quickstart/apis

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
year int

The year of Planet global mosaic, must be >=2016. Defaults to 2016.

2016
quarter int

The quarter of Planet global mosaic, must be 1-12. Defaults to 1.

1
layer_name str

The layer name to use. Defaults to None.

None
api_key str

The Planet API key. Defaults to None.

None
token_name str

The environment variable name of the API key. Defaults to "PLANET_API_KEY".

'PLANET_API_KEY'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_planet_by_quarter(
    self,
    year: Optional[int] = 2016,
    quarter: Optional[int] = 1,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = None,
    api_key: Optional[str] = None,
    token_name: Optional[str] = "PLANET_API_KEY",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a Planet global mosaic by quarter to the map. To get a Planet API key, see https://developers.planet.com/quickstart/apis

    Args:
        year (int, optional): The year of Planet global mosaic, must be >=2016. Defaults to 2016.
        quarter (int, optional): The quarter of Planet global mosaic, must be 1-12. Defaults to 1.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to None.
        api_key (str, optional): The Planet API key. Defaults to None.
        token_name (str, optional): The environment variable name of the API key. Defaults to "PLANET_API_KEY".
    """
    if layer_name is None and "name" in kwargs:
        layer_name = kwargs.pop("name")
    layer = planet_tile_by_quarter(year, quarter, layer_name, api_key, token_name)
    self.add(layer)

add_pmtiles(self, url, style=None, name='PMTiles', show=True, zoom_to_layer=True, **kwargs)

Adds a PMTiles layer to the map. This function is not officially supported yet by ipyleaflet yet. Install it with the following command: pip install git+https://github.com/giswqs/ipyleaflet.git@pmtiles

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The URL of the PMTiles file.

required
style str

The CSS style to apply to the layer. Defaults to None. See https://docs.mapbox.com/style-spec/reference/layers/ for more info.

None
name str

The name of the layer. Defaults to None.

'PMTiles'
show bool

Whether the layer should be shown initially. Defaults to True.

True
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the layer extent. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the PMTilesLayer constructor.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
None

None

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_pmtiles(
    self,
    url,
    style=None,
    name="PMTiles",
    show=True,
    zoom_to_layer=True,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """
    Adds a PMTiles layer to the map. This function is not officially supported yet by ipyleaflet yet.
    Install it with the following command:
    pip install git+https://github.com/giswqs/ipyleaflet.git@pmtiles

    Args:
        url (str): The URL of the PMTiles file.
        style (str, optional): The CSS style to apply to the layer. Defaults to None.
            See https://docs.mapbox.com/style-spec/reference/layers/ for more info.
        name (str, optional): The name of the layer. Defaults to None.
        show (bool, optional): Whether the layer should be shown initially. Defaults to True.
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer extent. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the PMTilesLayer constructor.

    Returns:
        None
    """

    try:
        if "sources" in kwargs:
            del kwargs["sources"]

        if "version" in kwargs:
            del kwargs["version"]

        if style is None:
            style = pmtiles_style(url)

        layer = ipyleaflet.PMTilesLayer(
            url=url,
            style=style,
            name=name,
            visible=show,
            **kwargs,
        )
        self.add(layer)

        if zoom_to_layer:
            metadata = pmtiles_metadata(url)
            bounds = metadata["bounds"]
            self.zoom_to_bounds(bounds)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

add_point_layer(self, filename, popup=None, layer_name='Marker Cluster', **kwargs)

Adds a point layer to the map with a popup attribute.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
filename str

str, http url, path object or file-like object. Either the absolute or relative path to the file or URL to be opened, or any object with a read() method (such as an open file or StringIO)

required
popup str | list

Column name(s) to be used for popup. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

A layer name to use. Defaults to "Marker Cluster".

'Marker Cluster'

Exceptions:

Type Description
ValueError

If the specified column name does not exist.

ValueError

If the specified column names do not exist.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_point_layer(
    self,
    filename: str,
    popup: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Marker Cluster",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a point layer to the map with a popup attribute.

    Args:
        filename (str): str, http url, path object or file-like object. Either the absolute or relative path to the file or URL to be opened, or any object with a read() method (such as an open file or StringIO)
        popup (str | list, optional): Column name(s) to be used for popup. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): A layer name to use. Defaults to "Marker Cluster".

    Raises:
        ValueError: If the specified column name does not exist.
        ValueError: If the specified column names do not exist.
    """
    import warnings

    warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
    check_package(name="geopandas", URL="https://geopandas.org")
    import geopandas as gpd
    import fiona

    self.default_style = {"cursor": "wait"}

    if isinstance(filename, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
        gdf = filename
    else:
        if not filename.startswith("http"):
            filename = os.path.abspath(filename)
        ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1].lower()
        if ext == ".kml":
            fiona.drvsupport.supported_drivers["KML"] = "rw"
            gdf = gpd.read_file(filename, driver="KML", **kwargs)
        else:
            gdf = gpd.read_file(filename, **kwargs)
    df = gdf.to_crs(epsg="4326")
    col_names = df.columns.values.tolist()
    if popup is not None:
        if isinstance(popup, str) and (popup not in col_names):
            raise ValueError(
                f"popup must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}"
            )
        elif isinstance(popup, list) and (
            not all(item in col_names for item in popup)
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                f"All popup items must be select from: {', '.join(col_names)}"
            )

    df["x"] = df.geometry.x
    df["y"] = df.geometry.y

    points = list(zip(df["y"], df["x"]))

    if popup is not None:
        if isinstance(popup, str):
            labels = df[popup]
            markers = [
                ipyleaflet.Marker(
                    location=point,
                    draggable=False,
                    popup=widgets.HTML(str(labels[index])),
                )
                for index, point in enumerate(points)
            ]
        elif isinstance(popup, list):
            labels = []
            for i in range(len(points)):
                label = ""
                for item in popup:
                    label = label + str(item) + ": " + str(df[item][i]) + "<br>"
                labels.append(label)
            df["popup"] = labels

            markers = [
                ipyleaflet.Marker(
                    location=point,
                    draggable=False,
                    popup=widgets.HTML(labels[index]),
                )
                for index, point in enumerate(points)
            ]

    else:
        markers = [
            ipyleaflet.Marker(location=point, draggable=False) for point in points
        ]

    marker_cluster = ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(markers=markers, name=layer_name)
    self.add(marker_cluster)

    self.default_style = {"cursor": "default"}

add_points_from_xy(self, data, x='longitude', y='latitude', popup=None, layer_name='Marker Cluster', color_column=None, marker_colors=None, icon_colors=['white'], icon_names=['info'], spin=False, add_legend=True, max_cluster_radius=80, **kwargs)

Adds a marker cluster to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data str | pd.DataFrame

A csv or Pandas DataFrame containing x, y, z values.

required
x str

The column name for the x values. Defaults to "longitude".

'longitude'
y str

The column name for the y values. Defaults to "latitude".

'latitude'
popup list

A list of column names to be used as the popup. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

The name of the layer. Defaults to "Marker Cluster".

'Marker Cluster'
color_column str

The column name for the color values. Defaults to None.

None
marker_colors list

A list of colors to be used for the markers. Defaults to None.

None
icon_colors list

A list of colors to be used for the icons. Defaults to ['white'].

['white']
icon_names list

A list of names to be used for the icons. More icons can be found at https://fontawesome.com/v4/icons. Defaults to ['info'].

['info']
spin bool

If True, the icon will spin. Defaults to False.

False
add_legend bool

If True, a legend will be added to the map. Defaults to True.

True
max_cluster_radius int

The maximum cluster radius. Defaults to 80.

80
**kwargs

Other keyword arguments to pass to ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(). For a list of available options, see https://github.com/Leaflet/Leaflet.markercluster.

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_points_from_xy(
    self,
    data: Optional[Union[pd.DataFrame, str]],
    x: Optional[str] = "longitude",
    y: Optional[str] = "latitude",
    popup: Optional[list] = None,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Marker Cluster",
    color_column: Optional[str] = None,
    marker_colors: Optional[str] = None,
    icon_colors: Optional[list[str]] = ["white"],
    icon_names: Optional[list[str]] = ["info"],
    spin: Optional[bool] = False,
    add_legend: Optional[bool] = True,
    max_cluster_radius: Optional[int] = 80,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a marker cluster to the map.

    Args:
        data (str | pd.DataFrame): A csv or Pandas DataFrame containing x, y, z values.
        x (str, optional): The column name for the x values. Defaults to "longitude".
        y (str, optional): The column name for the y values. Defaults to "latitude".
        popup (list, optional): A list of column names to be used as the popup. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): The name of the layer. Defaults to "Marker Cluster".
        color_column (str, optional): The column name for the color values. Defaults to None.
        marker_colors (list, optional): A list of colors to be used for the markers. Defaults to None.
        icon_colors (list, optional): A list of colors to be used for the icons. Defaults to ['white'].
        icon_names (list, optional): A list of names to be used for the icons. More icons can be found at https://fontawesome.com/v4/icons. Defaults to ['info'].
        spin (bool, optional): If True, the icon will spin. Defaults to False.
        add_legend (bool, optional): If True, a legend will be added to the map. Defaults to True.
        max_cluster_radius (int, optional): The maximum cluster radius. Defaults to 80.
        **kwargs: Other keyword arguments to pass to ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(). For a list of available options,
            see https://github.com/Leaflet/Leaflet.markercluster.

    """
    import pandas as pd

    color_options = [
        "red",
        "blue",
        "green",
        "purple",
        "orange",
        "darkred",
        "lightred",
        "beige",
        "darkblue",
        "darkgreen",
        "cadetblue",
        "darkpurple",
        "white",
        "pink",
        "lightblue",
        "lightgreen",
        "gray",
        "black",
        "lightgray",
    ]

    if isinstance(data, pd.DataFrame):
        df = data
    elif not data.startswith("http") and (not os.path.exists(data)):
        raise FileNotFoundError("The specified input csv does not exist.")
    elif data.endswith(".csv"):
        df = pd.read_csv(data)
    else:
        import geopandas as gpd

        gdf = gpd.read_file(data)
        df = gdf_to_df(gdf)

    df = points_from_xy(df, x, y)

    col_names = df.columns.values.tolist()

    if color_column is not None and color_column not in col_names:
        raise ValueError(
            f"The color column {color_column} does not exist in the dataframe."
        )

    if color_column is not None:
        items = list(set(df[color_column]))

    else:
        items = None

    if color_column is not None and marker_colors is None:
        if len(items) > len(color_options):
            raise ValueError(
                f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is greater than the number of available colors."
            )
        else:
            marker_colors = color_options[: len(items)]
    elif color_column is not None and marker_colors is not None:
        if len(items) != len(marker_colors):
            raise ValueError(
                f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is not equal to the number of available colors."
            )

    if items is not None:
        if len(icon_colors) == 1:
            icon_colors = icon_colors * len(items)
        elif len(items) != len(icon_colors):
            raise ValueError(
                f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is not equal to the number of available colors."
            )

        if len(icon_names) == 1:
            icon_names = icon_names * len(items)
        elif len(items) != len(icon_names):
            raise ValueError(
                f"The number of unique values in the color column {color_column} is not equal to the number of available colors."
            )

    if "geometry" in col_names:
        col_names.remove("geometry")

    if popup is not None:
        if isinstance(popup, str) and (popup not in col_names):
            raise ValueError(
                f"popup must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}"
            )
        elif isinstance(popup, list) and (
            not all(item in col_names for item in popup)
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                f"All popup items must be select from: {', '.join(col_names)}"
            )
    else:
        popup = col_names

    df["x"] = df.geometry.x
    df["y"] = df.geometry.y

    points = list(zip(df["y"], df["x"]))

    if popup is not None:
        if isinstance(popup, str):
            labels = df[popup]

            markers = []
            for index, point in enumerate(points):
                if items is not None:
                    marker_color = marker_colors[
                        items.index(df[color_column][index])
                    ]
                    icon_name = icon_names[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                    icon_color = icon_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                    marker_icon = ipyleaflet.AwesomeIcon(
                        name=icon_name,
                        marker_color=marker_color,
                        icon_color=icon_color,
                        spin=spin,
                    )
                else:
                    marker_icon = None

                marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
                    location=point,
                    draggable=False,
                    popup=widgets.HTML(str(labels[index])),
                    icon=marker_icon,
                )
                markers.append(marker)

        elif isinstance(popup, list):
            labels = []
            for i in range(len(points)):
                label = ""
                for item in popup:
                    label = (
                        label
                        + "<b>"
                        + str(item)
                        + "</b>"
                        + ": "
                        + str(df[item][i])
                        + "<br>"
                    )
                labels.append(label)
            df["popup"] = labels

            markers = []
            for index, point in enumerate(points):
                if items is not None:
                    marker_color = marker_colors[
                        items.index(df[color_column][index])
                    ]
                    icon_name = icon_names[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                    icon_color = icon_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                    marker_icon = ipyleaflet.AwesomeIcon(
                        name=icon_name,
                        marker_color=marker_color,
                        icon_color=icon_color,
                        spin=spin,
                    )
                else:
                    marker_icon = None

                marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
                    location=point,
                    draggable=False,
                    popup=widgets.HTML(labels[index]),
                    icon=marker_icon,
                )
                markers.append(marker)

    else:
        markers = []
        for point in points:
            if items is not None:
                marker_color = marker_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                icon_name = icon_names[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                icon_color = icon_colors[items.index(df[color_column][index])]
                marker_icon = ipyleaflet.AwesomeIcon(
                    name=icon_name,
                    marker_color=marker_color,
                    icon_color=icon_color,
                    spin=spin,
                )
            else:
                marker_icon = None

            marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
                location=point, draggable=False, icon=marker_icon
            )
            markers.append(marker)

    marker_cluster = ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(
        markers=markers,
        name=layer_name,
        max_cluster_radius=max_cluster_radius,
        **kwargs,
    )
    self.add(marker_cluster)

    if items is not None and add_legend:
        marker_colors = [check_color(c) for c in marker_colors]
        self.add_legend(
            title=color_column.title(), colors=marker_colors, labels=items
        )

    self.default_style = {"cursor": "default"}

add_raster(self, source, indexes=None, colormap=None, vmin=None, vmax=None, nodata=None, attribution=None, layer_name='Raster', layer_index=None, zoom_to_layer=True, visible=True, opacity=1.0, array_args={}, client_args={'cors_all': False}, **kwargs)

Add a local raster dataset to the map. If you are using this function in JupyterHub on a remote server (e.g., Binder, Microsoft Planetary Computer) and if the raster does not render properly, try installing jupyter-server-proxy using pip install jupyter-server-proxy, then running the following code before calling this function. For more info, see https://bit.ly/3JbmF93.

1
2
import os
os.environ['LOCALTILESERVER_CLIENT_PREFIX'] = 'proxy/{port}'

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
source str

The path to the GeoTIFF file or the URL of the Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF.

required
indexes int

The band(s) to use. Band indexing starts at 1. Defaults to None.

None
colormap str

The name of the colormap from matplotlib to use when plotting a single band. See https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html. Default is greyscale.

None
vmin float

The minimum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.

None
vmax float

The maximum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.

None
nodata float

The value from the band to use to interpret as not valid data. Defaults to None.

None
attribution str

Attribution for the source raster. This defaults to a message about it being a local file.. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

The layer name to use. Defaults to 'Raster'.

'Raster'
layer_index int

The index of the layer. Defaults to None.

None
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the extent of the layer. Defaults to True.

True
visible bool

Whether the layer is visible. Defaults to True.

True
opacity float

The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.0.

1.0
array_args dict

Additional arguments to pass to array_to_memory_file when reading the raster. Defaults to {}.

{}
client_args dict

Additional arguments to pass to localtileserver.TileClient. Defaults to { "cors_all": False }.

{'cors_all': False}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_raster(
    self,
    source: str,
    indexes: Optional[int] = None,
    colormap: Optional[str] = None,
    vmin: Optional[float] = None,
    vmax: Optional[float] = None,
    nodata: Optional[float] = None,
    attribution: Optional[str] = None,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Raster",
    layer_index: Optional[int] = None,
    zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = True,
    visible: Optional[bool] = True,
    opacity: Optional[float] = 1.0,
    array_args: Optional[Dict] = {},
    client_args: Optional[Dict] = {"cors_all": False},
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Add a local raster dataset to the map.
        If you are using this function in JupyterHub on a remote server (e.g., Binder, Microsoft Planetary Computer) and
        if the raster does not render properly, try installing jupyter-server-proxy using `pip install jupyter-server-proxy`,
        then running the following code before calling this function. For more info, see https://bit.ly/3JbmF93.

        import os
        os.environ['LOCALTILESERVER_CLIENT_PREFIX'] = 'proxy/{port}'

    Args:
        source (str): The path to the GeoTIFF file or the URL of the Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF.
        indexes (int, optional): The band(s) to use. Band indexing starts at 1. Defaults to None.
        colormap (str, optional): The name of the colormap from `matplotlib` to use when plotting a single band. See https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html. Default is greyscale.
        vmin (float, optional): The minimum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
        vmax (float, optional): The maximum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
        nodata (float, optional): The value from the band to use to interpret as not valid data. Defaults to None.
        attribution (str, optional): Attribution for the source raster. This defaults to a message about it being a local file.. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to 'Raster'.
        layer_index (int, optional): The index of the layer. Defaults to None.
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the extent of the layer. Defaults to True.
        visible (bool, optional): Whether the layer is visible. Defaults to True.
        opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.0.
        array_args (dict, optional): Additional arguments to pass to `array_to_memory_file` when reading the raster. Defaults to {}.
        client_args (dict, optional): Additional arguments to pass to localtileserver.TileClient. Defaults to { "cors_all": False }.
    """
    import numpy as np
    import xarray as xr

    if isinstance(source, np.ndarray) or isinstance(source, xr.DataArray):
        source = array_to_image(source, **array_args)

    tile_layer, tile_client = get_local_tile_layer(
        source,
        indexes=indexes,
        colormap=colormap,
        vmin=vmin,
        vmax=vmax,
        nodata=nodata,
        opacity=opacity,
        attribution=attribution,
        layer_name=layer_name,
        client_args=client_args,
        return_client=True,
        **kwargs,
    )
    tile_layer.visible = visible

    self.add(tile_layer, index=layer_index)
    if zoom_to_layer:
        self.center = tile_client.center()
        try:
            self.zoom = tile_client.default_zoom
        except AttributeError:
            self.zoom = 15

    arc_add_layer(tile_layer.url, layer_name, True, 1.0)

    if not hasattr(self, "cog_layer_dict"):
        self.cog_layer_dict = {}

    if indexes is None:
        if len(tile_client.band_names) == 1:
            indexes = [1]
        else:
            indexes = [1, 2, 3]

    vis_bands = [tile_client.band_names[i - 1] for i in indexes]

    params = {
        "tile_layer": tile_layer,
        "tile_client": tile_client,
        "indexes": indexes,
        "vis_bands": vis_bands,
        "band_names": tile_client.band_names,
        "vmin": vmin,
        "vmax": vmax,
        "nodata": nodata,
        "colormap": colormap,
        "opacity": opacity,
        "layer_name": layer_name,
        "filename": tile_client.filename,
        "type": "LOCAL",
    }
    self.cog_layer_dict[layer_name] = params

add_remote_tile(self, source, band=None, palette=None, vmin=None, vmax=None, nodata=None, attribution=None, layer_name=None, **kwargs)

Add a remote Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
source str

The path to the remote Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF.

required
band int

The band to use. Band indexing starts at 1. Defaults to None.

None
palette str

The name of the color palette from palettable to use when plotting a single band. See https://jiffyclub.github.io/palettable. Default is greyscale

None
vmin float

The minimum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.

None
vmax float

The maximum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.

None
nodata float

The value from the band to use to interpret as not valid data. Defaults to None.

None
attribution str

Attribution for the source raster. This defaults to a message about it being a local file.. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

The layer name to use. Defaults to None.

None
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_remote_tile(
    self,
    source: str,
    band: Optional[int] = None,
    palette: Optional[str] = None,
    vmin: Optional[float] = None,
    vmax: Optional[float] = None,
    nodata: Optional[float] = None,
    attribution: Optional[str] = None,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Add a remote Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) to the map.

    Args:
        source (str): The path to the remote Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF.
        band (int, optional): The band to use. Band indexing starts at 1. Defaults to None.
        palette (str, optional): The name of the color palette from `palettable` to use when plotting a single band. See https://jiffyclub.github.io/palettable. Default is greyscale
        vmin (float, optional): The minimum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
        vmax (float, optional): The maximum value to use when colormapping the palette when plotting a single band. Defaults to None.
        nodata (float, optional): The value from the band to use to interpret as not valid data. Defaults to None.
        attribution (str, optional): Attribution for the source raster. This defaults to a message about it being a local file.. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to None.
    """
    if isinstance(source, str) and source.startswith("http"):
        self.add_raster(
            source,
            band=band,
            palette=palette,
            vmin=vmin,
            vmax=vmax,
            nodata=nodata,
            attribution=attribution,
            layer_name=layer_name,
            **kwargs,
        )
    else:
        raise Exception("The source must be a URL.")

add_search_control(self, url, marker=None, zoom=None, position='topleft', **kwargs)

Adds a search control to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The url to the search API. For example, "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=json&q={s}".

required
marker ipyleaflet.Marker

The marker to be used for the search result. Defaults to None.

None
zoom int

The zoom level to be used for the search result. Defaults to None.

None
position str

The position of the search control. Defaults to "topleft".

'topleft'
kwargs dict

Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the search control. See https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/search_control.html

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_search_control(
    self,
    url: str,
    marker: Optional[ipyleaflet.Marker] = None,
    zoom: Optional[int] = None,
    position: Optional[str] = "topleft",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a search control to the map.

    Args:
        url (str): The url to the search API. For example, "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?format=json&q={s}".
        marker (ipyleaflet.Marker, optional): The marker to be used for the search result. Defaults to None.
        zoom (int, optional): The zoom level to be used for the search result. Defaults to None.
        position (str, optional): The position of the search control. Defaults to "topleft".
        kwargs (dict, optional): Additional keyword arguments to be passed to the search control. See https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_reference/search_control.html
    """
    if marker is None:
        marker = ipyleaflet.Marker(
            icon=ipyleaflet.AwesomeIcon(
                name="check", marker_color="green", icon_color="darkred"
            )
        )
    search_control = ipyleaflet.SearchControl(
        position=position,
        url=url,
        zoom=zoom,
        marker=marker,
    )
    self.add(search_control)
    self.search_control = search_control

add_shp(self, in_shp, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover', zoom_to_layer=False, encoding='utf-8', **kwargs)

Adds a shapefile to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
in_shp str

The input file path or HTTP URL (*.zip) to the shapefile.

required
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the layer after adding it to the map. Defaults to False.

False
encoding str

The encoding of the shapefile. Defaults to "utf-8".

'utf-8'

Exceptions:

Type Description
FileNotFoundError

The provided shapefile could not be found.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_shp(
    self,
    in_shp: str,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
    style: Optional[Dict] = {},
    hover_style: Optional[Dict] = {},
    style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
    fill_colors: Optional[list[str]] = None,
    info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
    zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = False,
    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a shapefile to the map.

    Args:
        in_shp (str): The input file path or HTTP URL (*.zip) to the shapefile.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer after adding it to the map. Defaults to False.
        encoding (str, optional): The encoding of the shapefile. Defaults to "utf-8".

    Raises:
        FileNotFoundError: The provided shapefile could not be found.
    """

    import geopandas as gpd

    gdf = gpd.read_file(in_shp, encoding=encoding)
    self.add_gdf(
        gdf,
        layer_name,
        style,
        hover_style,
        style_callback,
        fill_colors,
        info_mode,
        zoom_to_layer,
        encoding,
        **kwargs,
    )

add_stac_gui(self, position='topright', opened=True)

Add the STAC search widget to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
position str

The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".

'topright'
opened bool

Whether the widget is open. Defaults to True.

True
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_stac_gui(self, position: str = "topright", opened: bool = True) -> None:
    """Add the STAC search widget to the map.

    Args:
        position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "topright".
        opened (bool, optional): Whether the widget is open. Defaults to True.
    """
    from .toolbar import stac_gui

    stac_gui(self, position, opened)

add_stac_layer(self, url=None, collection=None, item=None, assets=None, bands=None, titiler_endpoint=None, name='STAC Layer', attribution='', opacity=1.0, shown=True, fit_bounds=True, layer_index=None, **kwargs)

Adds a STAC TileLayer to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json

None
collection str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.

None
item str

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.

None
assets str | list

The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].

None
bands list

A list of band names, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"]

None
titiler_endpoint str

Titiler endpoint, e.g., "https://titiler.xyz", "https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/data/v1", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.

None
name str

The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'STAC Layer'.

'STAC Layer'
attribution str

The attribution to use. Defaults to ''.

''
opacity float

The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.

1.0
shown bool

A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.

True
fit_bounds bool

A flag indicating whether the map should be zoomed to the layer extent. Defaults to True.

True
layer_index int

The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.

None
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_stac_layer(
    self,
    url=None,
    collection=None,
    item=None,
    assets=None,
    bands=None,
    titiler_endpoint=None,
    name="STAC Layer",
    attribution="",
    opacity=1.0,
    shown=True,
    fit_bounds=True,
    layer_index=None,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a STAC TileLayer to the map.

    Args:
        url (str): HTTP URL to a STAC item, e.g., https://canada-spot-ortho.s3.amazonaws.com/canada_spot_orthoimages/canada_spot5_orthoimages/S5_2007/S5_11055_6057_20070622/S5_11055_6057_20070622.json
        collection (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC collection ID, e.g., landsat-8-c2-l2.
        item (str): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC item ID, e.g., LC08_L2SP_047027_20201204_02_T1.
        assets (str | list): The Microsoft Planetary Computer STAC asset ID, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"].
        bands (list): A list of band names, e.g., ["SR_B7", "SR_B5", "SR_B4"]
        titiler_endpoint (str, optional): Titiler endpoint, e.g., "https://titiler.xyz", "https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/data/v1", "planetary-computer", "pc". Defaults to None.
        name (str, optional): The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'STAC Layer'.
        attribution (str, optional): The attribution to use. Defaults to ''.
        opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.
        shown (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.
        fit_bounds (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the map should be zoomed to the layer extent. Defaults to True.
        layer_index (int, optional): The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.
    """
    if "colormap_name" in kwargs and kwargs["colormap_name"] is None:
        kwargs.pop("colormap_name")

    tile_url = stac_tile(
        url, collection, item, assets, bands, titiler_endpoint, **kwargs
    )
    bounds = stac_bounds(url, collection, item, titiler_endpoint)
    self.add_tile_layer(tile_url, name, attribution, opacity, shown, layer_index)
    if fit_bounds:
        self.fit_bounds([[bounds[1], bounds[0]], [bounds[3], bounds[2]]])
        arc_zoom_to_extent(bounds[0], bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[3])

    if not hasattr(self, "cog_layer_dict"):
        self.cog_layer_dict = {}

    if assets is None and bands is not None:
        assets = bands

    if isinstance(assets, str) and "," in assets:
        assets = assets.split(",")

    if "rescale" in kwargs:
        rescale = kwargs["rescale"]
        vmin, vmax = [float(v) for v in rescale.split(",")]
    else:
        vmin, vmax = stac_min_max(url, collection, item, assets, titiler_endpoint)

    if "nodata" in kwargs:
        nodata = kwargs["nodata"]
    else:
        nodata = None

    band_names = stac_bands(url, collection, item, titiler_endpoint)
    if assets is not None:
        indexes = [band_names.index(band) + 1 for band in assets]
    else:
        indexes = None

    params = {
        "url": url,
        "titiler_endpoint": titiler_endpoint,
        "collection": collection,
        "item": item,
        "assets": assets,
        "tile_layer": self.find_layer(name),
        "indexes": indexes,
        "vis_bands": assets,
        "band_names": band_names,
        "bounds": bounds,
        "vmin": vmin,
        "vmax": vmax,
        "nodata": nodata,
        "opacity": opacity,
        "layer_name": name,
        "type": "STAC",
    }

    self.cog_layer_dict[name] = params

add_text(self, text, fontsize=20, fontcolor='black', bold=False, padding='5px', background=True, bg_color='white', border_radius='5px', position='bottomright', **kwargs)

Add text to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
text str

The text to add.

required
fontsize int

The font size. Defaults to 20.

20
fontcolor str

The font color. Defaults to "black".

'black'
bold bool

Whether to use bold font. Defaults to False.

False
padding str

The padding. Defaults to "5px".

'5px'
background bool

Whether to use background. Defaults to True.

True
bg_color str

The background color. Defaults to "white".

'white'
border_radius str

The border radius. Defaults to "5px".

'5px'
position str

The position of the widget. Defaults to "bottomright".

'bottomright'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_text(
    self,
    text: str,
    fontsize: int = 20,
    fontcolor: int = "black",
    bold: Optional[bool] = False,
    padding: Optional[str] = "5px",
    background: Optional[bool] = True,
    bg_color: Optional[str] = "white",
    border_radius: Optional[str] = "5px",
    position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Add text to the map.

    Args:
        text (str): The text to add.
        fontsize (int, optional): The font size. Defaults to 20.
        fontcolor (str, optional): The font color. Defaults to "black".
        bold (bool, optional): Whether to use bold font. Defaults to False.
        padding (str, optional): The padding. Defaults to "5px".
        background (bool, optional): Whether to use background. Defaults to True.
        bg_color (str, optional): The background color. Defaults to "white".
        border_radius (str, optional): The border radius. Defaults to "5px".
        position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "bottomright".
    """

    if background:
        text = f"""<div style="font-size: {fontsize}px; color: {fontcolor}; font-weight: {'bold' if bold else 'normal'};
        padding: {padding}; background-color: {bg_color};
        border-radius: {border_radius};">{text}</div>"""
    else:
        text = f"""<div style="font-size: {fontsize}px; color: {fontcolor}; font-weight: {'bold' if bold else 'normal'};
        padding: {padding};">{text}</div>"""

    self.add_html(text, position=position, **kwargs)

add_tile_layer(self, url, name, attribution, opacity=1.0, shown=True, layer_index=None, **kwargs)

Adds a TileLayer to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The URL of the tile layer.

required
name str

The layer name to use for the layer.

required
attribution str

The attribution to use.

required
opacity float

The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.

1.0
shown bool

A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.

True
layer_index int

The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.

None
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_tile_layer(
    self,
    url,
    name,
    attribution,
    opacity=1.0,
    shown=True,
    layer_index=None,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a TileLayer to the map.

    Args:
        url (str): The URL of the tile layer.
        name (str): The layer name to use for the layer.
        attribution (str): The attribution to use.
        opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.
        shown (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.
        layer_index (int, optional): The index at which to add the layer. Defaults to None.
    """
    if "max_zoom" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["max_zoom"] = 30
    if "max_native_zoom" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["max_native_zoom"] = 30
    try:
        tile_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
            url=url,
            name=name,
            attribution=attribution,
            opacity=opacity,
            visible=shown,
            **kwargs,
        )
        self.add(tile_layer, index=layer_index)

        arc_add_layer(url, name, shown, opacity)

    except Exception as e:
        print("Failed to add the specified TileLayer.")
        raise Exception(e)

add_time_slider(self, layers={}, labels=None, time_interval=1, position='bottomright', slider_length='150px', zoom_to_layer=False, **kwargs)

Adds a time slider to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
layers dict

The dictionary containing a set of XYZ tile layers.

{}
labels list

The list of labels to be used for the time series. Defaults to None.

None
time_interval int

Time interval in seconds. Defaults to 1.

1
position str

Position to place the time slider, can be any of ['topleft', 'topright', 'bottomleft', 'bottomright']. Defaults to "bottomright".

'bottomright'
slider_length str

Length of the time slider. Defaults to "150px".

'150px'
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the extent of the selected layer. Defaults to False.

False
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_time_slider(
    self,
    layers: dict = {},
    labels: list = None,
    time_interval: int = 1,
    position: str = "bottomright",
    slider_length: str = "150px",
    zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = False,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a time slider to the map.

    Args:
        layers (dict, optional): The dictionary containing a set of XYZ tile layers.
        labels (list, optional): The list of labels to be used for the time series. Defaults to None.
        time_interval (int, optional): Time interval in seconds. Defaults to 1.
        position (str, optional): Position to place the time slider, can be any of ['topleft', 'topright', 'bottomleft', 'bottomright']. Defaults to "bottomright".
        slider_length (str, optional): Length of the time slider. Defaults to "150px".
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the extent of the selected layer. Defaults to False.

    """
    from .toolbar import time_slider

    time_slider(
        self,
        layers,
        labels,
        time_interval,
        position,
        slider_length,
        zoom_to_layer,
        **kwargs,
    )

add_vector(self, filename, layer_name='Untitled', bbox=None, mask=None, rows=None, style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, info_mode='on_hover', zoom_to_layer=False, encoding='utf-8', **kwargs)

Adds any geopandas-supported vector dataset to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
filename str

Either the absolute or relative path to the file or URL to be opened, or any object with a read() method (such as an open file or StringIO).

required
layer_name str

The layer name to use. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
bbox tuple | GeoDataFrame or GeoSeries | shapely Geometry

Filter features by given bounding box, GeoSeries, GeoDataFrame or a shapely geometry. CRS mis-matches are resolved if given a GeoSeries or GeoDataFrame. Cannot be used with mask. Defaults to None.

None
mask dict | GeoDataFrame or GeoSeries | shapely Geometry

Filter for features that intersect with the given dict-like geojson geometry, GeoSeries, GeoDataFrame or shapely geometry. CRS mis-matches are resolved if given a GeoSeries or GeoDataFrame. Cannot be used with bbox. Defaults to None.

None
rows int or slice

Load in specific rows by passing an integer (first n rows) or a slice() object.. Defaults to None.

None
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

'on_hover'
encoding str

The encoding to use to read the file. Defaults to "utf-8".

'utf-8'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_vector(
    self,
    filename: str,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Untitled",
    bbox: Optional[tuple] = None,
    mask: Optional[dict] = None,
    rows: Optional[tuple[int]] = None,
    style: Optional[dict] = {},
    hover_style: Optional[dict] = {},
    style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
    fill_colors: list[str] = None,
    info_mode: Optional[str] = "on_hover",
    zoom_to_layer: Optional[bool] = False,
    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds any geopandas-supported vector dataset to the map.

    Args:
        filename (str): Either the absolute or relative path to the file or
            URL to be opened, or any object with a read() method (such as
            an open file or StringIO).
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to "Untitled".
        bbox (tuple | GeoDataFrame or GeoSeries | shapely Geometry, optional):
            Filter features by given bounding box, GeoSeries, GeoDataFrame or
            a shapely geometry. CRS mis-matches are resolved if given a
            GeoSeries or GeoDataFrame. Cannot be used with mask. Defaults to None.
        mask (dict | GeoDataFrame or GeoSeries | shapely Geometry, optional):
            Filter for features that intersect with the given dict-like geojson
            geometry, GeoSeries, GeoDataFrame or shapely geometry. CRS mis-matches
            are resolved if given a GeoSeries or GeoDataFrame. Cannot be used with bbox.
            Defaults to None.
        rows (int or slice, optional): Load in specific rows by passing an
            integer (first n rows) or a slice() object.. Defaults to None.
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used.
            Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called
            for each feature, and should return the feature style. This
            styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons.
            Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover
            or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will
            be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
        encoding (str, optional): The encoding to use to read the file. Defaults to "utf-8".

    """
    import fiona
    import geopandas as gpd

    if isinstance(filename, str) and filename.endswith(".kml"):
        fiona.drvsupport.supported_drivers["KML"] = "rw"
        kwargs["driver"] = "KML"

    gdf = gpd.read_file(
        filename, bbox=bbox, mask=mask, rows=rows, encoding=encoding, **kwargs
    )

    self.add_gdf(
        gdf,
        layer_name,
        style,
        hover_style,
        style_callback,
        fill_colors,
        info_mode,
        zoom_to_layer,
        encoding,
        **kwargs,
    )

add_vector_tile(self, url, styles={}, layer_name='Vector Tile', **kwargs)

Adds a VectorTileLayer to the map. It wraps the ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer class. See https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/layers/vector_tile.html

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The URL of the tile layer

required
styles dict,optional

Style dict, specific to the vector tile source.

{}
layer_name str

The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'Vector Tile'.

'Vector Tile'
kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer class.

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_vector_tile(
    self,
    url,
    styles: Optional[dict] = {},
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Vector Tile",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a VectorTileLayer to the map. It wraps the ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer class. See
        https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/layers/vector_tile.html

    Args:
        url (str, optional): The URL of the tile layer
        styles (dict,optional): Style dict, specific to the vector tile source.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'Vector Tile'.
        kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer class.
    """
    if "vector_tile_layer_styles" in kwargs:
        styles = kwargs["vector_tile_layer_styles"]
        del kwargs["vector_tile_layer_styles"]
    try:
        vector_tile_layer = ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer(
            url=url,
            vector_tile_layer_styles=styles,
            **kwargs,
        )
        vector_tile_layer.name = layer_name
        self.add(vector_tile_layer)

    except Exception as e:
        print("Failed to add the specified VectorTileLayer.")
        raise Exception(e)

add_vector_tile_layer(self, url, styles={}, layer_name='Vector Tile', **kwargs)

Adds a VectorTileLayer to the map. It wraps the ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer class. See https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/layers/vector_tile.html

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The URL of the tile layer

required
styles dict,optional

Style dict, specific to the vector tile source.

{}
layer_name str

The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'Vector Tile'.

'Vector Tile'
kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer class.

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_vector_tile(
    self,
    url,
    styles: Optional[dict] = {},
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Vector Tile",
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds a VectorTileLayer to the map. It wraps the ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer class. See
        https://ipyleaflet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/layers/vector_tile.html

    Args:
        url (str, optional): The URL of the tile layer
        styles (dict,optional): Style dict, specific to the vector tile source.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use for the layer. Defaults to 'Vector Tile'.
        kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer class.
    """
    if "vector_tile_layer_styles" in kwargs:
        styles = kwargs["vector_tile_layer_styles"]
        del kwargs["vector_tile_layer_styles"]
    try:
        vector_tile_layer = ipyleaflet.VectorTileLayer(
            url=url,
            vector_tile_layer_styles=styles,
            **kwargs,
        )
        vector_tile_layer.name = layer_name
        self.add(vector_tile_layer)

    except Exception as e:
        print("Failed to add the specified VectorTileLayer.")
        raise Exception(e)

add_velocity(self, data, zonal_speed, meridional_speed, latitude_dimension='lat', longitude_dimension='lon', level_dimension='lev', level_index=0, time_index=0, velocity_scale=0.01, max_velocity=20, display_options={}, name='Velocity', color_scale=None)

Add a velocity layer to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data str | xr.Dataset

The data to use for the velocity layer. It can be a file path to a NetCDF file or an xarray Dataset.

required
zonal_speed str

Name of the zonal speed in the dataset. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonal_and_meridional_flow.

required
meridional_speed str

Name of the meridional speed in the dataset. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonal_and_meridional_flow.

required
latitude_dimension str

Name of the latitude dimension in the dataset. Defaults to 'lat'.

'lat'
longitude_dimension str

Name of the longitude dimension in the dataset. Defaults to 'lon'.

'lon'
level_dimension str

Name of the level dimension in the dataset. Defaults to 'lev'.

'lev'
level_index int

The index of the level dimension to display. Defaults to 0.

0
time_index int

The index of the time dimension to display. Defaults to 0.

0
velocity_scale float

The scale of the velocity. Defaults to 0.01.

0.01
max_velocity int

The maximum velocity to display. Defaults to 20.

20
display_options dict

The display options for the velocity layer. Defaults to {}. See https://bit.ly/3uf8t6w.

{}
name str

Layer name to use . Defaults to 'Velocity'.

'Velocity'
color_scale list

List of RGB color values for the velocity vector color scale. Defaults to []. See https://bit.ly/3uf8t6w.

None

Exceptions:

Type Description
ImportError

If the xarray package is not installed.

ValueError

If the data is not a NetCDF file or an xarray Dataset.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_velocity(
    self,
    data: str,
    zonal_speed: str,
    meridional_speed: str,
    latitude_dimension: str = "lat",
    longitude_dimension: str = "lon",
    level_dimension: Optional[str] = "lev",
    level_index: int = 0,
    time_index: int = 0,
    velocity_scale: float = 0.01,
    max_velocity: int = 20,
    display_options: Optional[dict] = {},
    name: Optional[str] = "Velocity",
    color_scale: Optional[list] = None,
) -> None:
    """Add a velocity layer to the map.

    Args:
        data (str | xr.Dataset): The data to use for the velocity layer. It can be a file path to a NetCDF file or an xarray Dataset.
        zonal_speed (str): Name of the zonal speed in the dataset. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonal_and_meridional_flow.
        meridional_speed (str): Name of the meridional speed in the dataset. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonal_and_meridional_flow.
        latitude_dimension (str, optional): Name of the latitude dimension in the dataset. Defaults to 'lat'.
        longitude_dimension (str, optional): Name of the longitude dimension in the dataset. Defaults to 'lon'.
        level_dimension (str, optional): Name of the level dimension in the dataset. Defaults to 'lev'.
        level_index (int, optional): The index of the level dimension to display. Defaults to 0.
        time_index (int, optional): The index of the time dimension to display. Defaults to 0.
        velocity_scale (float, optional): The scale of the velocity. Defaults to 0.01.
        max_velocity (int, optional): The maximum velocity to display. Defaults to 20.
        display_options (dict, optional): The display options for the velocity layer. Defaults to {}. See https://bit.ly/3uf8t6w.
        name (str, optional): Layer name to use . Defaults to 'Velocity'.
        color_scale (list, optional): List of RGB color values for the velocity vector color scale. Defaults to []. See https://bit.ly/3uf8t6w.

    Raises:
        ImportError: If the xarray package is not installed.
        ValueError: If the data is not a NetCDF file or an xarray Dataset.
    """
    try:
        import xarray as xr
        from ipyleaflet.velocity import Velocity
    except ImportError:
        raise ImportError(
            "The xarray package is required to add a velocity layer. "
            "Please install it with `pip install xarray`."
        )

    if isinstance(data, str):
        if data.startswith("http"):
            data = download_file(data)
        ds = xr.open_dataset(data)

    elif isinstance(data, xr.Dataset):
        ds = data
    else:
        raise ValueError("The data must be a file path or xarray dataset.")

    coords = list(ds.coords.keys())

    # Rasterio does not handle time or levels. So we must drop them
    if "time" in coords:
        ds = ds.isel(time=time_index, drop=True)

    params = {level_dimension: level_index}
    if level_dimension in coords:
        ds = ds.isel(drop=True, **params)

    if color_scale is None:
        color_scale = [
            "rgb(36,104, 180)",
            "rgb(60,157, 194)",
            "rgb(128,205,193)",
            "rgb(151,218,168)",
            "rgb(198,231,181)",
            "rgb(238,247,217)",
            "rgb(255,238,159)",
            "rgb(252,217,125)",
            "rgb(255,182,100)",
            "rgb(252,150,75)",
            "rgb(250,112,52)",
            "rgb(245,64,32)",
            "rgb(237,45,28)",
            "rgb(220,24,32)",
            "rgb(180,0,35)",
        ]

    wind = Velocity(
        data=ds,
        zonal_speed=zonal_speed,
        meridional_speed=meridional_speed,
        latitude_dimension=latitude_dimension,
        longitude_dimension=longitude_dimension,
        velocity_scale=velocity_scale,
        max_velocity=max_velocity,
        display_options=display_options,
        name=name,
        color_scale=color_scale,
    )
    self.add(wind)

add_widget(self, content, position='bottomright', add_header=False, opened=True, show_close_button=True, widget_icon='gear', close_button_icon='times', widget_args={}, close_button_args={}, display_widget=None, **kwargs)

Add a widget (e.g., text, HTML, figure) to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
content str | ipywidgets.Widget | object

The widget to add.

required
position str

The position of the widget. Defaults to "bottomright".

'bottomright'
add_header bool

Whether to add a header with close buttons to the widget. Defaults to False.

False
opened bool

Whether to open the toolbar. Defaults to True.

True
show_close_button bool

Whether to show the close button. Defaults to True.

True
widget_icon str

The icon name for the toolbar button. Defaults to 'gear'.

'gear'
close_button_icon str

The icon name for the close button. Defaults to "times".

'times'
widget_args dict

Additional arguments to pass to the toolbar button. Defaults to {}.

{}
close_button_args dict

Additional arguments to pass to the close button. Defaults to {}.

{}
display_widget ipywidgets.Widget

The widget to be displayed when the toolbar is clicked.

None
**kwargs

Additional arguments to pass to the HTML or Output widgets

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_widget(
    self,
    content: str,
    position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
    add_header: Optional[bool] = False,
    opened: Optional[bool] = True,
    show_close_button: Optional[bool] = True,
    widget_icon: Optional[str] = "gear",
    close_button_icon: Optional[str] = "times",
    widget_args: Optional[dict] = {},
    close_button_args: Optional[dict] = {},
    display_widget=None,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Add a widget (e.g., text, HTML, figure) to the map.

    Args:
        content (str | ipywidgets.Widget | object): The widget to add.
        position (str, optional): The position of the widget. Defaults to "bottomright".
        add_header (bool, optional): Whether to add a header with close buttons to the widget. Defaults to False.
        opened (bool, optional): Whether to open the toolbar. Defaults to True.
        show_close_button (bool, optional): Whether to show the close button. Defaults to True.
        widget_icon (str, optional): The icon name for the toolbar button. Defaults to 'gear'.
        close_button_icon (str, optional): The icon name for the close button. Defaults to "times".
        widget_args (dict, optional): Additional arguments to pass to the toolbar button. Defaults to {}.
        close_button_args (dict, optional): Additional arguments to pass to the close button. Defaults to {}.
        display_widget (ipywidgets.Widget, optional): The widget to be displayed when the toolbar is clicked.
        **kwargs: Additional arguments to pass to the HTML or Output widgets
    """

    allowed_positions = ["topleft", "topright", "bottomleft", "bottomright"]

    if position not in allowed_positions:
        raise Exception(f"position must be one of {allowed_positions}")

    if "layout" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["layout"] = widgets.Layout(padding="0px 4px 0px 4px")
    try:
        if add_header:
            if isinstance(content, str):
                widget = widgets.HTML(value=content, **kwargs)
            else:
                widget = content

            widget_template(
                widget,
                opened,
                show_close_button,
                widget_icon,
                close_button_icon,
                widget_args,
                close_button_args,
                display_widget,
                self,
                position,
            )
        else:
            if isinstance(content, str):
                widget = widgets.HTML(value=content, **kwargs)
            else:
                widget = widgets.Output(**kwargs)
                with widget:
                    display(content)
            control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(widget=widget, position=position)
            self.add(control)

    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(f"Error adding widget: {e}")

add_wms_layer(self, url, layers, name=None, attribution='', format='image/png', transparent=True, opacity=1.0, shown=True, **kwargs)

Add a WMS layer to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

The URL of the WMS web service.

required
layers str

Comma-separated list of WMS layers to show.

required
name str

The layer name to use on the layer control. Defaults to None.

None
attribution str

The attribution of the data layer. Defaults to ''.

''
format str

WMS image format (use ‘image/png’ for layers with transparency). Defaults to 'image/png'.

'image/png'
transparent bool

If True, the WMS service will return images with transparency. Defaults to True.

True
opacity float

The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.0.

1.0
shown bool

A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.

True
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_wms_layer(
    self,
    url,
    layers,
    name=None,
    attribution="",
    format="image/png",
    transparent=True,
    opacity=1.0,
    shown=True,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Add a WMS layer to the map.

    Args:
        url (str): The URL of the WMS web service.
        layers (str): Comma-separated list of WMS layers to show.
        name (str, optional): The layer name to use on the layer control. Defaults to None.
        attribution (str, optional): The attribution of the data layer. Defaults to ''.
        format (str, optional): WMS image format (use ‘image/png’ for layers with transparency). Defaults to 'image/png'.
        transparent (bool, optional): If True, the WMS service will return images with transparency. Defaults to True.
        opacity (float, optional): The opacity of the layer. Defaults to 1.0.
        shown (bool, optional): A flag indicating whether the layer should be on by default. Defaults to True.
    """

    if name is None:
        name = str(layers)

    try:
        wms_layer = ipyleaflet.WMSLayer(
            url=url,
            layers=layers,
            name=name,
            attribution=attribution,
            format=format,
            transparent=transparent,
            opacity=opacity,
            visible=shown,
            **kwargs,
        )
        self.add(wms_layer)

    except Exception as e:
        print("Failed to add the specified WMS TileLayer.")
        raise Exception(e)

add_xy_data(self, in_csv, x='longitude', y='latitude', label=None, layer_name='Marker cluster')

Adds points from a CSV file containing lat/lon information and display data on the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
in_csv str

The file path to the input CSV file.

required
x str

The name of the column containing longitude coordinates. Defaults to "longitude".

'longitude'
y str

The name of the column containing latitude coordinates. Defaults to "latitude".

'latitude'
label str

The name of the column containing label information to used for marker popup. Defaults to None.

None
layer_name str

The layer name to use. Defaults to "Marker cluster".

'Marker cluster'

Exceptions:

Type Description
FileNotFoundError

The specified input csv does not exist.

ValueError

The specified x column does not exist.

ValueError

The specified y column does not exist.

ValueError

The specified label column does not exist.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_xy_data(
    self,
    in_csv: str,
    x: Optional[str] = "longitude",
    y: Optional[str] = "latitude",
    label: Optional[str] = None,
    layer_name: Optional[str] = "Marker cluster",
) -> None:
    """Adds points from a CSV file containing lat/lon information and display data on the map.

    Args:
        in_csv (str): The file path to the input CSV file.
        x (str, optional): The name of the column containing longitude coordinates. Defaults to "longitude".
        y (str, optional): The name of the column containing latitude coordinates. Defaults to "latitude".
        label (str, optional): The name of the column containing label information to used for marker popup. Defaults to None.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to use. Defaults to "Marker cluster".

    Raises:
        FileNotFoundError: The specified input csv does not exist.
        ValueError: The specified x column does not exist.
        ValueError: The specified y column does not exist.
        ValueError: The specified label column does not exist.
    """
    import pandas as pd

    if isinstance(in_csv, pd.DataFrame):
        df = in_csv
    elif not in_csv.startswith("http") and (not os.path.exists(in_csv)):
        raise FileNotFoundError("The specified input csv does not exist.")
    else:
        df = pd.read_csv(in_csv)

    col_names = df.columns.values.tolist()

    if x not in col_names:
        raise ValueError(f"x must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}")

    if y not in col_names:
        raise ValueError(f"y must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}")

    if label is not None and (label not in col_names):
        raise ValueError(
            f"label must be one of the following: {', '.join(col_names)}"
        )

    self.default_style = {"cursor": "wait"}

    points = list(zip(df[y], df[x]))

    if label is not None:
        labels = df[label]
        markers = [
            ipyleaflet.Marker(
                location=point,
                draggable=False,
                popup=widgets.HTML(str(labels[index])),
            )
            for index, point in enumerate(points)
        ]
    else:
        markers = [
            ipyleaflet.Marker(location=point, draggable=False) for point in points
        ]

    marker_cluster = ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(markers=markers, name=layer_name)
    self.add(marker_cluster)

    self.default_style = {"cursor": "default"}

add_xyz_service(self, provider, **kwargs)

Add a XYZ tile layer to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
provider str

A tile layer name starts with xyz or qms. For example, xyz.OpenTopoMap,

required

Exceptions:

Type Description
ValueError

The provider is not valid. It must start with xyz or qms.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def add_xyz_service(self, provider: str, **kwargs) -> None:
    """Add a XYZ tile layer to the map.

    Args:
        provider (str): A tile layer name starts with xyz or qms. For example, xyz.OpenTopoMap,

    Raises:
        ValueError: The provider is not valid. It must start with xyz or qms.
    """
    import xyzservices
    import xyzservices.providers as xyz

    if provider.startswith("xyz"):
        name = provider[4:]
        xyz_provider = xyz.flatten()[name]
        url = xyz_provider.build_url()
        attribution = xyz_provider.attribution
        if attribution.strip() == "":
            attribution = " "
        self.add_tile_layer(url, name, attribution)
    elif provider.startswith("qms"):
        name = provider[4:]
        qms_provider = xyzservices.TileProvider.from_qms(name)
        url = qms_provider.build_url()
        attribution = qms_provider.attribution
        if attribution.strip() == "":
            attribution = " "
        self.add_tile_layer(url, name, attribution)
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            f"The provider {provider} is not valid. It must start with xyz or qms."
        )

basemap_demo(self)

A demo for using leafmap basemaps.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def basemap_demo(self) -> None:
    """A demo for using leafmap basemaps."""
    dropdown = widgets.Dropdown(
        options=list(basemaps.keys()),
        value="Esri.WorldImagery",
        description="Basemaps",
    )

    def on_click(change):
        basemap_name = change["new"]
        old_basemap = self.layers[-1]
        self.substitute_layer(old_basemap, get_basemap(basemap_name))

    dropdown.observe(on_click, "value")
    basemap_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(widget=dropdown, position="topright")
    self.add(basemap_control)

batch_edit_lines(self, data, style=None, hover_style=None, highlight_style=None, changed_style=None, display_props=None, name='GeoJSON', text_width='250px', zoom_to_layer=True, **kwargs)

Batch editing lines on the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]

The data to be edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.

required
style Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

The style dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.

None
hover_style Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

The hover style dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.

None
name str

The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".

'GeoJSON'
widget_width str

The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".

required
info_mode str

The mode for displaying information, either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".

required
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the layer bounds. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs Any

Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

{}

Exceptions:

Type Description
ValueError

If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def batch_edit_lines(
    self,
    data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame", Dict[str, Any]],
    style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    hover_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    highlight_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    changed_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    display_props: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    name: str = "GeoJSON",
    text_width: str = "250px",
    zoom_to_layer: bool = True,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> None:
    """Batch editing lines on the map.

    Args:
        data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]): The data to be
            edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.
        style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The style dictionary for
            the polygons. Defaults to None.
        hover_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The hover style
            dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.
        name (str, optional): The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".
        widget_width (str, optional): The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".
        info_mode (str, optional): The mode for displaying information,
            either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer bounds.
            Defaults to True.
        **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

    Raises:
        ValueError: If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.
    """
    self.batch_edit_polygons(
        data=data,
        style=style,
        hover_style=hover_style,
        highlight_style=highlight_style,
        changed_style=changed_style,
        display_props=display_props,
        name=name,
        text_width=text_width,
        zoom_to_layer=zoom_to_layer,
        **kwargs,
    )

batch_edit_points(self, data, style=None, hover_style=None, changed_style=None, display_props=None, name='Points', text_width='250px', zoom_to_layer=True, **kwargs)

Batch editing points (CircleMarkers) on the map from GeoJSON data.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data Union[str, dict]

The GeoJSON data or path to the GeoJSON file.

required
style Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

Style for the CircleMarkers.

None
hover_style Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

Style for the CircleMarkers on hover.

None
changed_style Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

Style for the CircleMarkers when changed.

None
display_props Optional[List[str]]

List of properties to display in the attribute editor.

None
name str

Name of the layer group.

'Points'
text_width str

Width of the text widgets in the attribute editor.

'250px'
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the layer bounds.

True
**kwargs Any

Additional keyword arguments for the LayerGroup.

{}

Exceptions:

Type Description
ValueError

If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.

ValueError

If the GeoJSON data does not contain only Point geometries.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def batch_edit_points(
    self,
    data: Union[str, dict],
    style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    hover_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    changed_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    display_props: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    name: str = "Points",
    text_width: str = "250px",
    zoom_to_layer: bool = True,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> None:
    """Batch editing points (CircleMarkers) on the map from GeoJSON data.

    Args:
        data (Union[str, dict]): The GeoJSON data or path to the GeoJSON file.
        style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): Style for the CircleMarkers.
        hover_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): Style for the CircleMarkers on hover.
        changed_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): Style for the CircleMarkers when changed.
        display_props (Optional[List[str]]): List of properties to display in the attribute editor.
        name (str): Name of the layer group.
        text_width (str): Width of the text widgets in the attribute editor.
        zoom_to_layer (bool): Whether to zoom to the layer bounds.
        **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments for the LayerGroup.

    Raises:
        ValueError: If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.
        ValueError: If the GeoJSON data does not contain only Point geometries.
    """
    import geopandas as gpd
    import json

    bounds = None

    if isinstance(data, str):
        gdf = gpd.read_file(data)
        if gdf.crs != "EPSG:4326":
            gdf = gdf.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
        bounds = gdf.total_bounds
        temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
        gdf.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
        with open(temp_geojson) as f:
            data = json.load(f)
    elif isinstance(data, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
        if data.crs != "EPSG:4326":
            data = data.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
        bounds = data.total_bounds
        temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
        data.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
        with open(temp_geojson) as f:
            data = json.load(f)

    if isinstance(data, dict):
        geojson_data = data
        if zoom_to_layer and (bounds is not None):
            bounds = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(data).total_bounds
    else:
        raise ValueError("The data must be a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.")

    # Ensure the data contains Point geometries
    if not all(
        feature["geometry"]["type"] == "Point"
        for feature in geojson_data["features"]
    ):
        raise ValueError("The GeoJSON data must contain only Point geometries.")

    highlighted_markers = []
    attribute_widgets = {}

    # Create CircleMarker objects for each point in the GeoJSON data
    markers = []

    if style is None:
        style = {
            "radius": 5,
            "weight": 1,
            "color": "white",
            "fill_color": "#3388ff",
            "fill_opacity": 0.6,
        }

    if hover_style is None:
        hover_style = {"color": "purple", "fill_color": "yellow"}

    if changed_style is None:
        changed_style = {"color": "cyan", "fill_color": "red"}

    for feature in data["features"]:
        coords = feature["geometry"]["coordinates"]
        properties = feature["properties"]

        marker = ipyleaflet.CircleMarker(
            location=(
                coords[1],
                coords[0],
            ),  # GeoJSON coordinates are (longitude, latitude)
            radius=style.get("radius", 5),
            weight=style.get("weight", 1),
            color=style.get("color", "white"),
            fill_color=style.get("fill_color", "#3388ff"),
            fill_opacity=style.get("fill_opacity", 0.6),
        )
        setattr(marker, "properties", properties)
        markers.append(marker)

    # Create a LayerGroup to hold the markers
    layer_group = ipyleaflet.LayerGroup(layers=markers, name=name, **kwargs)

    # Get the keys from the first feature's properties
    first_feature = data["features"][0]["properties"]

    # If display_props is not provided, show all attributes
    if display_props is None:
        display_props = first_feature.keys()

    text_layout = widgets.Layout(width=text_width)

    # Loop through the specified properties in display_props
    for key in display_props:
        if key in first_feature:  # Ensure the property exists
            attribute_widgets[key] = widgets.Text(
                description=f"{key}:", layout=text_layout
            )

    # Update button and clear selection button
    button_width = "80px"
    button_layout = widgets.Layout(width=button_width)
    update_button = widgets.Button(description="Update", layout=button_layout)
    clear_button = widgets.Button(description="Clear", layout=button_layout)
    close_button = widgets.Button(description="Close", layout=button_layout)
    output_widget = widgets.Output()

    # Function to highlight the clicked marker and clear attribute fields
    def highlight_marker(marker, **kwargs):
        nonlocal highlighted_markers

        if marker in highlighted_markers:
            highlighted_markers.remove(marker)
            marker.color = style.get("color", "white")
            marker.fill_color = style.get("fill_color", "#3388ff")

        else:
            highlighted_markers.append(marker)
            marker.color = hover_style.get("color", "purple")
            marker.fill_color = hover_style.get("fill_color", "yellow")

    # Function to clear the selection
    def clear_selection(_):
        for marker in highlighted_markers:
            if marker.color != changed_style.get(
                "color", "cyan"
            ) and marker.fill_color != changed_style.get("fill_color", "red"):
                marker.color = style.get("color", "white")
                marker.fill_color = style.get("fill_color", "#3388ff")
        for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
            widget.value = ""
            widget.placeholder = ""
        highlighted_markers.clear()

    def get_geojson_data():
        geojson_data = {"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": []}
        for layer in layer_group.layers:
            feature = {
                "type": "Feature",
                "properties": layer.properties,
                "geometry": {
                    "type": "Point",
                    "coordinates": [layer.location[1], layer.location[0]],
                },
            }

            geojson_data["features"].append(feature)
            self._geojson_data = geojson_data

    # Function to apply changes to highlighted markers
    def update_highlighted_markers(_):
        output_widget.clear_output()

        changed = False
        for index, marker in enumerate(highlighted_markers):
            for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
                if widget.value.strip() != "":
                    changed = True
                    if isinstance(marker.properties[key], int):
                        try:
                            marker.properties[key] = int(widget.value)
                        except ValueError as e:
                            if index == 0:
                                with output_widget:
                                    print(f"{key} must be an integer.")
                    elif isinstance(marker.properties[key], float):
                        try:
                            marker.properties[key] = float(widget.value)
                        except ValueError as e:
                            if index == 0:
                                with output_widget:
                                    print(f"{key} must be a float.")
                    else:
                        marker.properties[key] = widget.value

            # Apply changed_style if defined
            if changed:
                marker.color = changed_style.get("color", "cyan")
                marker.fill_color = changed_style.get("fill_color", "red")
            else:
                if index == 0:
                    with output_widget:
                        print("No changes to apply.")

        if changed:
            clear_selection(None)
            for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
                widget.value = ""
            get_geojson_data()

    # Function to populate attribute fields on hover
    def populate_hover_attributes(marker, **kwargs):
        for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
            widget.value = ""
            widget.placeholder = str(marker.properties.get(key, ""))

    # Register click event to highlight markers
    for marker in markers:
        marker.on_click(lambda m=marker, **kwargs: highlight_marker(m))
        marker.on_mouseover(lambda m=marker, **kwargs: populate_hover_attributes(m))

    # Add the LayerGroup of markers to the map
    self.add_layer(layer_group)

    # Add event listeners to the buttons
    update_button.on_click(update_highlighted_markers)
    clear_button.on_click(clear_selection)

    # Create a VBox to hold the widgets for editing attributes and the buttons
    buttons = widgets.HBox([update_button, clear_button, close_button])
    attribute_editor = widgets.VBox(
        [*attribute_widgets.values(), buttons, output_widget]
    )

    # Embed the attribute editor inside the map using WidgetControl
    widget_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
        widget=attribute_editor, position="topright"
    )
    self.add_control(widget_control)

    def close_widget_control(_):
        self.remove(widget_control)

    close_button.on_click(close_widget_control)

    # Optionally zoom to the bounds of the points
    if zoom_to_layer:
        bounds = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(data).total_bounds
        west, south, east, north = bounds
        self.fit_bounds([[south, west], [north, east]])

batch_edit_polygons(self, data, style=None, hover_style=None, highlight_style=None, changed_style=None, display_props=None, name='GeoJSON', text_width='250px', zoom_to_layer=True, **kwargs)

Batch editing polygons on the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]

The data to be edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.

required
style Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

The style dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.

None
hover_style Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

The hover style dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.

None
name str

The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".

'GeoJSON'
widget_width str

The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".

required
info_mode str

The mode for displaying information, either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".

required
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the layer bounds. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs Any

Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

{}

Exceptions:

Type Description
ValueError

If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def batch_edit_polygons(
    self,
    data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame", Dict[str, Any]],
    style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    hover_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    highlight_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    changed_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    display_props: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    name: str = "GeoJSON",
    text_width: str = "250px",
    zoom_to_layer: bool = True,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> None:
    """Batch editing polygons on the map.

    Args:
        data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]): The data to be
            edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.
        style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The style dictionary for
            the polygons. Defaults to None.
        hover_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The hover style
            dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.
        name (str, optional): The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".
        widget_width (str, optional): The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".
        info_mode (str, optional): The mode for displaying information,
            either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer bounds.
            Defaults to True.
        **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

    Raises:
        ValueError: If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.
    """
    from ipyleaflet import GeoJSON
    import copy
    import geopandas as gpd
    import json

    bounds = None
    if isinstance(data, str):
        gdf = gpd.read_file(data)
        if gdf.crs != "EPSG:4326":
            gdf = gdf.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
        bounds = gdf.total_bounds
        temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
        gdf.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
        with open(temp_geojson) as f:
            data = json.load(f)
    elif isinstance(data, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
        if data.crs != "EPSG:4326":
            data = data.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
        bounds = data.total_bounds
        temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
        data.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
        with open(temp_geojson) as f:
            data = json.load(f)

    if isinstance(data, dict):
        data = data
        if zoom_to_layer and (bounds is not None):
            bounds = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(data).total_bounds
    else:
        raise ValueError("The data must be a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.")

    if style is None:
        style = {"color": "#3388ff"}

    if hover_style is None:
        hover_style = {"color": "yellow", "dashArray": "0", "fillOpacity": 0.3}

    if highlight_style is None:
        highlight_style = {
            "color": "#3388ff",
            "fillColor": "yellow",
            "weight": 3,
            "fillOpacity": 0.5,
        }

    if changed_style is None:
        changed_style = {
            "color": "#3388ff",
            "fillColor": "red",
            "weight": 3,
            "fillOpacity": 0.3,
        }

    # List to store the IDs of highlighted features
    highlighted_features = []

    # Create a dictionary to hold attribute widgets
    attribute_widgets = {}

    # Get the keys from the first feature to dynamically create widgets
    first_feature = data["features"][0]["properties"]

    # If display_props is not provided, show all attributes
    if display_props is None:
        display_props = first_feature.keys()

    text_layout = widgets.Layout(width=text_width)
    # Loop through only the specified properties in display_props
    for key in display_props:
        if key in first_feature:  # Ensure the property exists
            attribute_widgets[key] = widgets.Text(
                description=f"{key.capitalize()}:", layout=text_layout
            )

    # Update button and clear selection button
    button_width = "80px"
    button_layout = widgets.Layout(width=button_width)
    update_button = widgets.Button(description="Update", layout=button_layout)
    clear_button = widgets.Button(description="Clear", layout=button_layout)
    close_button = widgets.Button(description="Close", layout=button_layout)
    output_widget = widgets.Output()

    # Function to highlight the clicked feature and clear attribute fields
    def highlight_feature(event, feature, **kwargs):
        nonlocal highlighted_features
        original_data = copy.deepcopy(geojson_layer.data)

        for index, f in enumerate(original_data["features"]):
            if f == feature:
                if index in highlighted_features:
                    highlighted_features.remove(index)
                    original_data["features"][index]["properties"]["style"] = style
                else:
                    highlighted_features.append(index)
                    original_data["features"][index]["properties"][
                        "style"
                    ] = highlight_style

        geojson_layer.data = original_data

    # Function to clear the selection
    def clear_selection(_):
        original_data = copy.deepcopy(geojson_layer.data)

        # Reset the style for all highlighted features
        for index in highlighted_features:
            if (
                original_data["features"][index]["properties"]["style"]
                != changed_style
            ):
                original_data["features"][index]["properties"]["style"] = style

        highlighted_features.clear()
        geojson_layer.data = original_data

    # Function to apply changes to highlighted features
    def update_highlighted_features(_):
        output_widget.clear_output()
        original_data = copy.deepcopy(geojson_layer.data)

        # Update the properties for all highlighted features
        for index in highlighted_features:
            for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
                if widget.value.strip() != "":
                    dtype = type(
                        original_data["features"][index]["properties"][key]
                    )
                    if dtype == str:
                        value = str(widget.value)
                    elif dtype == int:
                        try:
                            value = int(widget.value)
                        except ValueError:
                            with output_widget:
                                print(f"Invalid value for {key}")
                                continue
                    elif dtype == float:
                        try:
                            value = float(widget.value)
                        except ValueError:
                            with output_widget:
                                print(f"Invalid value for {key}")
                                continue
                    else:
                        value = widget.value
                    original_data["features"][index]["properties"][key] = value
                    original_data["features"][index]["properties"][
                        "style"
                    ] = changed_style

        geojson_layer.data = original_data
        self._geojson_data = original_data
        clear_selection(None)
        for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
            widget.value = ""

    # Function to populate attribute fields on hover
    def populate_hover_attributes(event, feature, **kwargs):
        # Populate the widget fields with the hovered feature's attributes
        for key, widget in attribute_widgets.items():
            if widget.value.strip() == "":
                widget.value = ""
                widget.placeholder = str(feature["properties"].get(key, ""))

    # Create the GeoJSON layer
    geojson_layer = GeoJSON(
        data=data,
        style=style,
        hover_style=hover_style,
        name=name,
    )

    # Add click event to highlight features and clear attribute fields
    geojson_layer.on_click(highlight_feature)

    # Add hover event to populate attribute fields
    geojson_layer.on_hover(populate_hover_attributes)

    # Add the GeoJSON layer to the map
    self.add_layer(geojson_layer)

    # Add event listeners to the buttons
    update_button.on_click(update_highlighted_features)
    clear_button.on_click(clear_selection)

    # Create a VBox to hold the widgets for editing attributes and the buttons
    buttons = widgets.HBox([update_button, clear_button, close_button])
    attribute_editor = widgets.VBox(
        [*attribute_widgets.values(), buttons, output_widget]
    )

    # Embed the attribute editor inside the map using WidgetControl
    widget_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
        widget=attribute_editor, position="topright"
    )
    self.add_control(widget_control)

    def close_widget_control(_):
        self.remove(widget_control)

    close_button.on_click(close_widget_control)

    # Add layers to map
    self._geojson_data = geojson_layer.data

    if bounds is not None and zoom_to_layer:
        west, south, east, north = bounds
        self.fit_bounds([[south, east], [north, west]])

clear_drawings(self)

Clear drawings on the map.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def clear_drawings(self) -> None:
    """Clear drawings on the map."""
    self.draw_control.clear()
    self.draw_features = []
    self.user_rois = None
    self.user_roi = None

edit_lines(self, data, style=None, hover_style=None, name='GeoJSON', widget_width='250px', info_mode='on_click', zoom_to_layer=True, **kwargs)

Edit lines on the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]

The data to be edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.

required
style Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

The style dictionary for the lines. Defaults to None.

None
hover_style Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

The hover style dictionary for the lines. Defaults to None.

None
name str

The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".

'GeoJSON'
widget_width str

The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".

'250px'
info_mode str

The mode for displaying information, either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".

'on_click'
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the layer bounds. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs Any

Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

{}

Exceptions:

Type Description
ValueError

If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def edit_lines(
    self,
    data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame", Dict[str, Any]],
    style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    hover_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    name: str = "GeoJSON",
    widget_width: str = "250px",
    info_mode: str = "on_click",
    zoom_to_layer: bool = True,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> None:
    """Edit lines on the map.

    Args:
        data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]): The data to be
            edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.
        style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The style dictionary for
            the lines. Defaults to None.
        hover_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The hover style
            dictionary for the lines. Defaults to None.
        name (str, optional): The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".
        widget_width (str, optional): The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".
        info_mode (str, optional): The mode for displaying information,
            either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer bounds.
            Defaults to True.
        **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

    Raises:
        ValueError: If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.
    """
    self.edit_polygons(
        data=data,
        style=style,
        hover_style=hover_style,
        name=name,
        widget_width=widget_width,
        info_mode=info_mode,
        zoom_to_layer=zoom_to_layer,
        **kwargs,
    )

edit_points(self, data, display_props=None, widget_width='250px', name='Points', radius=5, color='white', weight=1, fill_color='#3388ff', fill_opacity=0.6, **kwargs)

Edit points on a map by creating interactive circle markers with popups.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]

The data source, which can be a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.

required
display_props Optional[List[str]]

List of properties to display in the popup. Defaults to None.

None
widget_width str

Width of the widget in the popup. Defaults to "250px".

'250px'
name str

Name of the layer group. Defaults to "Points".

'Points'
radius int

Initial radius of the circle markers. Defaults to 5.

5
color str

Outline color of the circle markers. Defaults to "white".

'white'
weight int

Outline weight of the circle markers. Defaults to 1.

1
fill_color str

Fill color of the circle markers. Defaults to "#3388ff".

'#3388ff'
fill_opacity float

Fill opacity of the circle markers. Defaults to 0.6.

0.6
**kwargs Any

Additional arguments for the CircleMarker.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
None

None

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def edit_points(
    self,
    data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame", Dict[str, Any]],
    display_props: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    widget_width: str = "250px",
    name: str = "Points",
    radius: int = 5,
    color: str = "white",
    weight: int = 1,
    fill_color: str = "#3388ff",
    fill_opacity: float = 0.6,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> None:
    """
    Edit points on a map by creating interactive circle markers with popups.

    Args:
        data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]): The data source,
            which can be a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.
        display_props (Optional[List[str]], optional): List of properties to
            display in the popup. Defaults to None.
        widget_width (str, optional): Width of the widget in the popup.
            Defaults to "250px".
        name (str, optional): Name of the layer group. Defaults to "Points".
        radius (int, optional): Initial radius of the circle markers. Defaults to 5.
        color (str, optional): Outline color of the circle markers. Defaults to "white".
        weight (int, optional): Outline weight of the circle markers. Defaults to 1.
        fill_color (str, optional): Fill color of the circle markers. Defaults to "#3388ff".
        fill_opacity (float, optional): Fill opacity of the circle markers. Defaults to 0.6.
        **kwargs (Any): Additional arguments for the CircleMarker.

    Returns:
        None
    """

    import geopandas as gpd
    from ipyleaflet import CircleMarker, Popup

    if isinstance(data, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
        if data.crs != "EPSG:4326":
            data = data.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
        geojson_data = data.__geo_interface__
    elif isinstance(data, str):
        data = gpd.read_file(data)
        if data.crs != "EPSG:4326":
            data = data.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
        geojson_data = data.__geo_interface__
    elif isinstance(data, dict):
        geojson_data = data
    else:
        raise ValueError("The data must be a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.")

    self._geojson_data = geojson_data

    def create_popup_widget(
        circle_marker, properties, original_properties, display_properties=None
    ):
        """Create a popup widget to change circle properties and edit feature attributes."""
        # Widgets for circle properties
        radius_slider = widgets.IntSlider(
            value=circle_marker.radius,
            min=1,
            max=50,
            description="Radius:",
            continuous_update=False,
            layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
        )

        color_picker = widgets.ColorPicker(
            value=circle_marker.color,
            description="Color:",
            continuous_update=False,
            layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
        )

        fill_color_picker = widgets.ColorPicker(
            value=circle_marker.fill_color,
            description="Fill color:",
            continuous_update=False,
            layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
        )

        # Widgets for feature properties
        property_widgets = {}
        display_properties = display_properties or properties.keys()
        for key in display_properties:
            value = properties.get(key, "")
            if isinstance(value, str):
                widget = widgets.Text(
                    value=value,
                    description=f"{key}:",
                    continuous_update=False,
                    layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
                )
            elif isinstance(value, (int, float)):
                widget = widgets.FloatText(
                    value=value,
                    description=f"{key}:",
                    continuous_update=False,
                    layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
                )
            else:
                widget = widgets.Label(
                    value=f"{key}: {value}",
                    layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width),
                )

            property_widgets[key] = widget

        def update_circle(change):
            """Update circle properties based on widget values."""
            circle_marker.radius = radius_slider.value
            circle_marker.color = color_picker.value
            circle_marker.fill_color = fill_color_picker.value
            for key, widget in property_widgets.items():
                properties[key] = widget.value

        def reset_circle(change):
            """Reset circle properties to their original values."""
            circle_marker.radius = original_properties["radius"]
            circle_marker.color = original_properties["color"]
            circle_marker.fill_color = original_properties["fill_color"]
            radius_slider.value = original_properties["radius"]
            color_picker.value = original_properties["color"]
            fill_color_picker.value = original_properties["fill_color"]
            for key, widget in property_widgets.items():
                widget.value = original_properties["properties"].get(key, "")

        # Link widgets to update the circle marker properties and point attributes
        radius_slider.observe(update_circle, "value")
        color_picker.observe(update_circle, "value")
        fill_color_picker.observe(update_circle, "value")
        for widget in property_widgets.values():
            widget.observe(update_circle, "value")

        # Reset button
        reset_button = widgets.Button(
            description="Reset", layout=widgets.Layout(width=widget_width)
        )
        reset_button.on_click(reset_circle)

        # Arrange widgets in a vertical box with increased width
        vbox = widgets.VBox(
            [radius_slider, color_picker, fill_color_picker]
            + list(property_widgets.values())
            + [reset_button],
            layout=widgets.Layout(
                width="310px"
            ),  # Set the width of the popup widget
        )
        return vbox

    def create_on_click_handler(circle_marker, properties, display_properties=None):
        """Create an on_click handler with the circle_marker bound."""
        # Save the original properties for reset
        original_properties = {
            "radius": circle_marker.radius,
            "color": circle_marker.color,
            "fill_color": circle_marker.fill_color,
            "properties": properties.copy(),
        }

        def on_click(**kwargs):
            if kwargs.get("type") == "click":
                # Create a popup widget with controls
                popup_widget = create_popup_widget(
                    circle_marker,
                    properties,
                    original_properties,
                    display_properties,
                )
                popup = Popup(
                    location=circle_marker.location,
                    child=popup_widget,
                    close_button=True,
                    auto_close=False,
                    close_on_escape_key=True,
                    min_width=int(widget_width[:-2]) + 10,
                )
                self.add_layer(popup)
                popup.open = True

        return on_click

    layers = []

    # Iterate over each feature in the GeoJSON data and create a CircleMarker
    for feature in geojson_data["features"]:
        coordinates = feature["geometry"]["coordinates"]
        properties = feature["properties"]

        circle_marker = CircleMarker(
            location=(coordinates[1], coordinates[0]),  # (lat, lon)
            radius=radius,  # Initial radius of the circle
            color=color,  # Outline color
            weight=weight,  # Outline
            fill_color=fill_color,  # Fill color
            fill_opacity=fill_opacity,
            **kwargs,
        )

        # Create and bind the on_click handler for each circle_marker
        circle_marker.on_click(
            create_on_click_handler(circle_marker, properties, display_props)
        )

        # Add the circle marker to the map
        layers.append(circle_marker)

    group = ipyleaflet.LayerGroup(layers=tuple(layers), name=name)
    self.add(group)

edit_polygons(self, data, style=None, hover_style=None, name='GeoJSON', widget_width='250px', info_mode='on_click', zoom_to_layer=True, **kwargs)

Edit polygons on the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]

The data to be edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.

required
style Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

The style dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.

None
hover_style Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

The hover style dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.

None
name str

The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".

'GeoJSON'
widget_width str

The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".

'250px'
info_mode str

The mode for displaying information, either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".

'on_click'
zoom_to_layer bool

Whether to zoom to the layer bounds. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs Any

Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

{}

Exceptions:

Type Description
ValueError

If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def edit_polygons(
    self,
    data: Union[str, "gpd.GeoDataFrame", Dict[str, Any]],
    style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    hover_style: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    name: str = "GeoJSON",
    widget_width: str = "250px",
    info_mode: str = "on_click",
    zoom_to_layer: bool = True,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> None:
    """Edit polygons on the map.

    Args:
        data (Union[str, gpd.GeoDataFrame, Dict[str, Any]]): The data to be
            edited, either as a file path, GeoDataFrame, or GeoJSON dictionary.
        style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The style dictionary for
            the polygons. Defaults to None.
        hover_style (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): The hover style
            dictionary for the polygons. Defaults to None.
        name (str, optional): The name of the GeoJSON layer. Defaults to "GeoJSON".
        widget_width (str, optional): The width of the widgets. Defaults to "250px".
        info_mode (str, optional): The mode for displaying information,
            either "on_click" or "on_hover". Defaults to "on_click".
        zoom_to_layer (bool, optional): Whether to zoom to the layer bounds.
            Defaults to True.
        **kwargs (Any): Additional keyword arguments for the GeoJSON layer.

    Raises:
        ValueError: If the data is not a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.
    """
    from ipyleaflet import GeoJSON, Popup
    from shapely.geometry import shape
    import copy
    import geopandas as gpd
    import json

    bounds = None

    if isinstance(data, str):
        gdf = gpd.read_file(data)
        if gdf.crs != "EPSG:4326":
            gdf = gdf.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
        bounds = gdf.total_bounds
        temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
        gdf.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
        with open(temp_geojson) as f:
            data = json.load(f)
    elif isinstance(data, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
        if data.crs != "EPSG:4326":
            data = data.to_crs("EPSG:4326")
        bounds = data.total_bounds
        temp_geojson = temp_file_path("geojson")
        data.to_file(temp_geojson, driver="GeoJSON")
        with open(temp_geojson) as f:
            data = json.load(f)

    if isinstance(data, dict):
        geojson_data = data
        if zoom_to_layer and (bounds is not None):
            bounds = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(data).total_bounds
    else:
        raise ValueError("The data must be a GeoDataFrame or a GeoJSON dictionary.")

    layout = widgets.Layout(width=widget_width)

    if style is None:
        style = {"color": "#3388ff"}
    if hover_style is None:
        hover_style = {"color": "yellow", "weight": 5}

    def calculate_centroid(polygon_coordinates, geom_type):
        polygon = shape({"type": geom_type, "coordinates": polygon_coordinates})
        centroid = polygon.centroid
        return centroid.y, centroid.x  # Return as (lat, lon)

    def create_property_widgets(properties):
        """Dynamically create widgets for each property."""
        widgets_list = []
        for key, value in properties.items():
            if key == "style":
                continue
            if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
                widget = widgets.FloatText(
                    value=value, description=f"{key}:", layout=layout
                )
            else:
                widget = widgets.Text(
                    value=str(value), description=f"{key}:", layout=layout
                )
            widget._property_key = (
                key  # Store the key in the widget for easy access later
            )
            widgets_list.append(widget)
        return widgets_list

    def on_click(event, feature, **kwargs):
        # Dynamically create input widgets for each property
        property_widgets = create_property_widgets(feature["properties"])
        save_button = widgets.Button(description="Save", layout=layout)
        geom_type = feature["geometry"]["type"]
        centroid = calculate_centroid(feature["geometry"]["coordinates"], geom_type)

        # Create and open the popup
        popup_content = widgets.VBox(property_widgets + [save_button])

        popup = Popup(
            location=centroid,
            child=popup_content,
            close_button=True,
            auto_close=True,
            close_on_escape_key=True,
            min_width=int(widget_width[:-2]) + 5,
        )

        self.add_layer(popup)

        def save_changes(_):

            original_data = copy.deepcopy(geojson_layer.data)
            original_feature = copy.deepcopy(feature)
            # Update the properties with the new values
            for widget in property_widgets:
                feature["properties"][widget._property_key] = widget.value

            for i, f in enumerate(original_data["features"]):
                if f == original_feature:
                    original_data["features"][i] = feature
                    break

            # Update the GeoJSON layer to reflect the changes

            geojson_layer.data = original_data
            self._geojson_data = original_data

            self.remove_layer(popup)  # Close the popup by removing it from the map

        save_button.on_click(save_changes)

    # Add GeoJSON layer to the map
    geojson_layer = GeoJSON(
        data=geojson_data, style=style, hover_style=hover_style, name=name, **kwargs
    )

    # Attach event to the GeoJSON layer
    if info_mode == "on_click":
        geojson_layer.on_click(on_click)
    elif info_mode == "on_hover":
        geojson_layer.on_hover(on_click)

    # Add layers to map
    self.add_layer(geojson_layer)
    self._geojson_data = geojson_layer.data

    if bounds is not None and zoom_to_layer:
        west, south, east, north = bounds
        self.fit_bounds([[south, east], [north, west]])

edit_vector(self, data, **kwargs)

Edit a vector layer.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
data dict | str

The data to edit. It can be a GeoJSON dictionary or a file path.

required
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def edit_vector(self, data: Union[dict, str], **kwargs) -> None:
    """Edit a vector layer.

    Args:
        data (dict | str): The data to edit. It can be a GeoJSON dictionary or a file path.
    """
    if isinstance(data, str):
        check_package("geopandas", "https://geopandas.org")
        import geopandas as gpd

        gdf = gpd.read_file(data, **kwargs)
        geojson = gdf_to_geojson(gdf, epsg=4326, tuple_to_list=True)
    elif isinstance(data, dict):
        geojson = data
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            "The data must be a GeoJSON dictionary or a file path to a vector dataset."
        )
    self.draw_control.data = self.draw_control.data + (geojson["features"])
    self.draw_features = self.draw_features + (geojson["features"])

find_layer(self, name)

Finds layer by name

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
name str

Name of the layer to find.

required

Returns:

Type Description
object

ipyleaflet layer object.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def find_layer(self, name):
    """Finds layer by name

    Args:
        name (str): Name of the layer to find.

    Returns:
        object: ipyleaflet layer object.
    """
    layers = self.layers

    for layer in layers:
        if layer.name == name:
            return layer
    return None

find_layer_index(self, name)

Finds layer index by name

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
name str

Name of the layer to find.

required

Returns:

Type Description
int

Index of the layer with the specified name

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def find_layer_index(self, name) -> int:
    """Finds layer index by name

    Args:
        name (str): Name of the layer to find.

    Returns:
        int: Index of the layer with the specified name
    """
    layers = self.layers

    for index, layer in enumerate(layers):
        if layer.name == name:
            return index

    return -1

get_bbox(self)

Get the bounds of the map as a list of [(]minx, miny, maxx, maxy].

Returns:

Type Description
list

The bounds of the map as a list of [(]minx, miny, maxx, maxy].

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def get_bbox(self) -> list:
    """Get the bounds of the map as a list of [(]minx, miny, maxx, maxy].

    Returns:
        list: The bounds of the map as a list of [(]minx, miny, maxx, maxy].
    """
    bounds = self.bounds
    bbox = [bounds[0][1], bounds[0][0], bounds[1][1], bounds[1][0]]
    return bbox

get_draw_props(self, n=None, return_df=False)

Get the properties of the draw features.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
n int

The maximum number of attributes to return. Defaults to None.

None
return_df bool

If True, return a pandas dataframe. Defaults to False.

False

Returns:

Type Description
pd.DataFrame

A pandas dataframe containing the properties of the draw features.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def get_draw_props(
    self, n: Optional[int] = None, return_df: bool = False
) -> pd.DataFrame:
    """Get the properties of the draw features.

    Args:
        n (int, optional): The maximum number of attributes to return. Defaults to None.
        return_df (bool, optional): If True, return a pandas dataframe. Defaults to False.

    Returns:
        pd.DataFrame: A pandas dataframe containing the properties of the draw features.
    """

    import pandas as pd

    props = self.edit_props[:]

    for feature in self.draw_features:
        for prop in feature["properties"]:
            if prop not in self.edit_props:
                self.edit_props.append(prop)
                props.append(prop)

    if return_df:
        if isinstance(n, int) and n > len(props):
            props = props + [""] * (n - len(props))

        df = pd.DataFrame({"Key": props, "Value": [""] * len(props)})
        df.index += 1
        return df
    else:
        return props

get_layer_names(self)

Gets layer names as a list.

Returns:

Type Description
list

A list of layer names.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def get_layer_names(self) -> list:
    """Gets layer names as a list.

    Returns:
        list: A list of layer names.
    """
    layer_names = []

    for layer in list(self.layers):
        if len(layer.name) > 0:
            layer_names.append(layer.name)

    return layer_names

get_pc_collections(self)

Get the list of Microsoft Planetary Computer collections.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def get_pc_collections(self) -> None:
    """Get the list of Microsoft Planetary Computer collections."""
    if not hasattr(self, "pc_collections"):
        setattr(self, "pc_collections", get_pc_collections())

get_scale(self)

Returns the approximate pixel scale of the current map view, in meters.

Returns:

Type Description
float

Map resolution in meters.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def get_scale(self) -> float:
    """Returns the approximate pixel scale of the current map view, in meters.

    Returns:
        float: Map resolution in meters.
    """
    import math

    zoom_level = self.zoom
    # Reference: https://blogs.bing.com/maps/2006/02/25/map-control-zoom-levels-gt-resolution
    resolution = 156543.04 * math.cos(0) / math.pow(2, zoom_level)
    return resolution

image_overlay(self, url, bounds, name)

Overlays an image from the Internet or locally on the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

http URL or local file path to the image.

required
bounds tuple

bounding box of the image in the format of (lower_left(lat, lon), upper_right(lat, lon)), such as ((13, -130), (32, -100)).

required
name str

name of the layer to show on the layer control.

required
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def image_overlay(self, url: str, bounds: str, name: str) -> None:
    """Overlays an image from the Internet or locally on the map.

    Args:
        url (str): http URL or local file path to the image.
        bounds (tuple): bounding box of the image in the format of (lower_left(lat, lon), upper_right(lat, lon)), such as ((13, -130), (32, -100)).
        name (str): name of the layer to show on the layer control.
    """
    from base64 import b64encode
    from PIL import Image, ImageSequence
    from io import BytesIO

    try:
        if not url.startswith("http"):
            if not os.path.exists(url):
                print("The provided file does not exist.")
                return

            ext = os.path.splitext(url)[1][1:]  # file extension
            image = Image.open(url)

            f = BytesIO()
            if ext.lower() == "gif":
                frames = []
                # Loop over each frame in the animated image
                for frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(image):
                    frame = frame.convert("RGBA")
                    b = BytesIO()
                    frame.save(b, format="gif")
                    frame = Image.open(b)
                    frames.append(frame)
                frames[0].save(
                    f,
                    format="GIF",
                    save_all=True,
                    append_images=frames[1:],
                    loop=0,
                )
            else:
                image.save(f, ext)

            data = b64encode(f.getvalue())
            data = data.decode("ascii")
            url = "data:image/{};base64,".format(ext) + data
        img = ipyleaflet.ImageOverlay(url=url, bounds=bounds, name=name)
        self.add(img)
    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(e)

layer_opacity(self, name, value=1.0)

Changes layer opacity.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
name str

The name of the layer to change opacity.

required
value float

The opacity value to set. Defaults to 1.0.

1.0
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def layer_opacity(self, name, value=1.0) -> None:
    """Changes layer opacity.

    Args:
        name (str): The name of the layer to change opacity.
        value (float, optional): The opacity value to set. Defaults to 1.0.
    """
    layer = self.find_layer(name)
    try:
        layer.opacity = value
    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(e)

marker_cluster(self, event='click', add_marker=True)

Captures user inputs and add markers to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
event str

[description]. Defaults to 'click'.

'click'
add_marker bool

If True, add markers to the map. Defaults to True.

True

Returns:

Type Description
object

a marker cluster.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def marker_cluster(self, event="click", add_marker=True):
    """Captures user inputs and add markers to the map.

    Args:
        event (str, optional): [description]. Defaults to 'click'.
        add_marker (bool, optional): If True, add markers to the map. Defaults to True.

    Returns:
        object: a marker cluster.
    """
    coordinates = []
    markers = []
    marker_cluster = ipyleaflet.MarkerCluster(name="Marker Cluster")
    self.last_click = []
    self.all_clicks = []
    if add_marker:
        self.add(marker_cluster)

    def handle_interaction(**kwargs):
        latlon = kwargs.get("coordinates")

        if event == "click" and kwargs.get("type") == "click":
            coordinates.append(latlon)
            self.last_click = latlon
            self.all_clicks = coordinates
            if add_marker:
                markers.append(ipyleaflet.Marker(location=latlon))
                marker_cluster.markers = markers
        elif kwargs.get("type") == "mousemove":
            pass

    # cursor style: https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_class_cursor.asp
    self.default_style = {"cursor": "crosshair"}
    self.on_interaction(handle_interaction)

Search OpenAerialMap for images within a bounding box and time range.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
bbox list | str

The bounding box [xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax] to search within. Defaults to None.

None
start_date str

The start date to search within, such as "2015-04-20T00:00:00.000Z". Defaults to None.

None
end_date str

The end date to search within, such as "2015-04-21T00:00:00.000Z". Defaults to None.

None
limit int

The maximum number of results to return. Defaults to 100.

100
info_mode str

The mode to use for the info popup. Can be 'on_hover' or 'on_click'. Defaults to 'on_click'.

'on_click'
layer_args dict

The layer arguments for add_gdf() function. Defaults to {}.

{}
add_image bool

Whether to add the first 10 images to the map. Defaults to True.

True
**kwargs

Additional keyword arguments to pass to the API. See https://hotosm.github.io/oam-api/

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def oam_search(
    self,
    bbox: Optional[Union[list, str]] = None,
    start_date: str = None,
    end_date: str = None,
    limit: int = 100,
    info_mode: str = "on_click",
    layer_args: Optional[dict] = {},
    add_image: Optional[bool] = True,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Search OpenAerialMap for images within a bounding box and time range.

    Args:
        bbox (list | str, optional): The bounding box [xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax] to search within. Defaults to None.
        start_date (str, optional): The start date to search within, such as "2015-04-20T00:00:00.000Z". Defaults to None.
        end_date (str, optional): The end date to search within, such as "2015-04-21T00:00:00.000Z". Defaults to None.
        limit (int, optional): The maximum number of results to return. Defaults to 100.
        info_mode (str, optional): The mode to use for the info popup. Can be 'on_hover' or 'on_click'. Defaults to 'on_click'.
        layer_args (dict, optional): The layer arguments for add_gdf() function. Defaults to {}.
        add_image (bool, optional): Whether to add the first 10 images to the map. Defaults to True.
        **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to pass to the API. See https://hotosm.github.io/oam-api/
    """

    bounds = self.bounds
    if bbox is None:
        if self.user_roi is not None:
            bbox = self.user_roi_bounds()
        else:
            bbox = [bounds[0][1], bounds[0][0], bounds[1][1], bounds[1][0]]

    if self.zoom <= 4:
        print("Zoom in to search for images")
        return None

    gdf = oam_search(
        bbox=bbox, start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date, limit=limit, **kwargs
    )

    if "layer_name" not in layer_args:
        layer_args["layer_name"] = "Footprints"

    if "style" not in layer_args:
        layer_args["style"] = {
            # "stroke": True,
            "color": "#3388ff",
            "weight": 2,
            "opacity": 1,
            # "fill": True,
            # "fillColor": "#ffffff",
            "fillOpacity": 0,
            # "dashArray": "9"
            # "clickable": True,
        }

    if "hover_style" not in layer_args:
        layer_args["hover_style"] = {"weight": layer_args["style"]["weight"] + 2}

    if gdf is not None:
        setattr(self, "oam_gdf", gdf)
        self.add_gdf(gdf, info_mode=info_mode, **layer_args)

        if add_image:
            ids = gdf["_id"].tolist()
            images = gdf["tms"].tolist()

            if len(images) > 5:
                print(f"Found {len(images)} images. \nShowing the first 5.")

            for index, image in enumerate(images):
                if index == 5:
                    break
                self.add_tile_layer(
                    url=image, name=ids[index], attribution="OpenAerialMap"
                )
    else:
        print("No images found.")

remove(self, widget)

Removes a widget to the map.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def remove(self, widget: Any) -> None:
    """Removes a widget to the map."""

    basic_controls: Dict[str, ipyleaflet.Control] = {
        "layer_editor": map_widgets.LayerEditor,
    }
    if widget_type := basic_controls.get(widget, None):
        if control := self._find_widget_of_type(widget_type, return_control=True):
            self.remove(control)
            control.close()
        return

    super().remove(widget)
    if isinstance(widget, ipywidgets.Widget):
        widget.close()

remove_labels(self)

Removes all labels from the map.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def remove_labels(self):
    """Removes all labels from the map."""
    if hasattr(self, "labels"):
        self.remove_layer(self.labels)
        delattr(self, "labels")

save_draw_features(self, out_file, crs='EPSG:4326', **kwargs)

Save the draw features to a file.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
out_file str

The output file path.

required
crs str

The CRS of the output GeoJSON. Defaults to "EPSG:4326".

'EPSG:4326'
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def save_draw_features(
    self, out_file: str, crs: Optional[str] = "EPSG:4326", **kwargs
) -> None:
    """Save the draw features to a file.

    Args:
        out_file (str): The output file path.
        crs (str, optional): The CRS of the output GeoJSON. Defaults to "EPSG:4326".
    """

    if self.user_rois is not None:
        import geopandas as gpd

        out_file = check_file_path(out_file)

        self.update_draw_features()
        geojson = {
            "type": "FeatureCollection",
            "features": self.draw_features,
        }

        gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(geojson, crs="EPSG:4326")
        if crs != "EPSG:4326":
            gdf = gdf.to_crs(crs)
        gdf.to_file(out_file, **kwargs)
    else:
        print("No draw features to save.")

save_edits(self, filename, drop_style=True, crs='EPSG:4326', **kwargs)

Save the edited GeoJSON data to a file.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
filename str

The name of the file to save the edited GeoJSON data.

required
drop_style bool

Whether to drop the style properties from the GeoJSON data. Defaults to True.

True
crs str

The CRS of the GeoJSON data. Defaults to "EPSG:4326".

'EPSG:4326'
**kwargs Any

Additional arguments passed to the GeoDataFrame to_file method.

{}

Returns:

Type Description
None

None

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def save_edits(
    self, filename: str, drop_style: bool = True, crs="EPSG:4326", **kwargs: Any
) -> None:
    """
    Save the edited GeoJSON data to a file.

    Args:
        filename (str): The name of the file to save the edited GeoJSON data.
        drop_style (bool, optional): Whether to drop the style properties
            from the GeoJSON data. Defaults to True.
        crs (str, optional): The CRS of the GeoJSON data. Defaults to "EPSG:4326".
        **kwargs (Any): Additional arguments passed to the GeoDataFrame `to_file` method.

    Returns:
        None
    """
    import geopandas as gpd

    if not hasattr(self, "_geojson_data"):
        print("No GeoJSON data to save.")
        return

    gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(self._geojson_data)
    if drop_style and "style" in gdf.columns:
        gdf = gdf.drop(columns=["style"])
        gdf.crs = "EPSG:4326"

    if crs != "EPSG:4326":
        gdf = gdf.to_crs(crs)
    gdf.to_file(filename, **kwargs)

set_catalog_source(self, source)

Set the catalog source.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
catalog_source str

The catalog source. Defaults to "landsat".

required
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def set_catalog_source(self, source: Optional[str]) -> None:
    """Set the catalog source.

    Args:
        catalog_source (str, optional): The catalog source. Defaults to "landsat".
    """
    if not isinstance(source, dict):
        raise TypeError(
            "The source must be a dictionary in the format of {label: url, label2:url2}, \
            such as {'Element84': 'https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1'}"
        )
    if not hasattr(self, "_STAC_CATALOGS"):
        self.catalog_source = {}

    self._STAC_CATALOGS = source

set_center(self, lon, lat, zoom=None)

Centers the map view at a given coordinates with the given zoom level.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
lon float

The longitude of the center, in degrees.

required
lat float

The latitude of the center, in degrees.

required
zoom int

The zoom level, from 1 to 24. Defaults to None.

None
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def set_center(self, lon, lat, zoom=None) -> None:
    """Centers the map view at a given coordinates with the given zoom level.

    Args:
        lon (float): The longitude of the center, in degrees.
        lat (float): The latitude of the center, in degrees.
        zoom (int, optional): The zoom level, from 1 to 24. Defaults to None.
    """
    self.center = (lat, lon)
    if zoom is not None:
        self.zoom = zoom

split_map(self, left_layer='TERRAIN', right_layer='OpenTopoMap', left_args={}, right_args={}, left_array_args={}, right_array_args={}, zoom_control=True, fullscreen_control=True, layer_control=True, add_close_button=False, left_label=None, right_label=None, left_position='bottomleft', right_position='bottomright', widget_layout=None, draggable=True)

Adds split map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
left_layer str

The left tile layer. Can be a local file path, HTTP URL, or a basemap name. Defaults to 'TERRAIN'.

'TERRAIN'
right_layer str

The right tile layer. Can be a local file path, HTTP URL, or a basemap name. Defaults to 'OpenTopoMap'.

'OpenTopoMap'
left_args dict

The arguments for the left tile layer. Defaults to {}.

{}
right_args dict

The arguments for the right tile layer. Defaults to {}.

{}
left_array_args dict

The arguments for array_to_image for the left layer. Defaults to {}.

{}
right_array_args dict

The arguments for array_to_image for the right layer. Defaults to {}.

{}
zoom_control bool

Whether to add zoom control. Defaults to True.

True
fullscreen_control bool

Whether to add fullscreen control. Defaults to True.

True
layer_control bool

Whether to add layer control. Defaults to True.

True
add_close_button bool

Whether to add a close button. Defaults to False.

False
left_label str

The label for the left layer. Defaults to None.

None
right_label str

The label for the right layer. Defaults to None.

None
left_position str

The position for the left label. Defaults to "bottomleft".

'bottomleft'
right_position str

The position for the right label. Defaults to "bottomright".

'bottomright'
widget_layout dict

The layout for the widget. Defaults to None.

None
draggable bool

Whether the split map is draggable. Defaults to True.

True
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def split_map(
    self,
    left_layer: Optional[str] = "TERRAIN",
    right_layer: Optional[str] = "OpenTopoMap",
    left_args: Optional[dict] = {},
    right_args: Optional[dict] = {},
    left_array_args: Optional[dict] = {},
    right_array_args: Optional[dict] = {},
    zoom_control: Optional[bool] = True,
    fullscreen_control: Optional[bool] = True,
    layer_control: Optional[bool] = True,
    add_close_button: Optional[bool] = False,
    left_label: Optional[str] = None,
    right_label: Optional[str] = None,
    left_position: Optional[str] = "bottomleft",
    right_position: Optional[str] = "bottomright",
    widget_layout: Optional[dict] = None,
    draggable: Optional[bool] = True,
) -> None:
    """Adds split map.

    Args:
        left_layer (str, optional): The left tile layer. Can be a local file path, HTTP URL, or a basemap name. Defaults to 'TERRAIN'.
        right_layer (str, optional): The right tile layer. Can be a local file path, HTTP URL, or a basemap name. Defaults to 'OpenTopoMap'.
        left_args (dict, optional): The arguments for the left tile layer. Defaults to {}.
        right_args (dict, optional): The arguments for the right tile layer. Defaults to {}.
        left_array_args (dict, optional): The arguments for array_to_image for the left layer. Defaults to {}.
        right_array_args (dict, optional): The arguments for array_to_image for the right layer. Defaults to {}.
        zoom_control (bool, optional): Whether to add zoom control. Defaults to True.
        fullscreen_control (bool, optional): Whether to add fullscreen control. Defaults to True.
        layer_control (bool, optional): Whether to add layer control. Defaults to True.
        add_close_button (bool, optional): Whether to add a close button. Defaults to False.
        left_label (str, optional): The label for the left layer. Defaults to None.
        right_label (str, optional): The label for the right layer. Defaults to None.
        left_position (str, optional): The position for the left label. Defaults to "bottomleft".
        right_position (str, optional): The position for the right label. Defaults to "bottomright".
        widget_layout (dict, optional): The layout for the widget. Defaults to None.
        draggable (bool, optional): Whether the split map is draggable. Defaults to True.
    """
    if "max_zoom" not in left_args:
        left_args["max_zoom"] = 30
    if "max_native_zoom" not in left_args:
        left_args["max_native_zoom"] = 30

    if "max_zoom" not in right_args:
        right_args["max_zoom"] = 30
    if "max_native_zoom" not in right_args:
        right_args["max_native_zoom"] = 30

    if "layer_name" not in left_args:
        left_args["layer_name"] = "Left Layer"

    if "layer_name" not in right_args:
        right_args["layer_name"] = "Right Layer"

    bounds = None

    try:
        controls = self.controls
        layers = self.layers
        self.clear_controls()

        if zoom_control:
            self.add(ipyleaflet.ZoomControl())
        if fullscreen_control:
            self.add(ipyleaflet.FullScreenControl())

        if left_label is not None:
            left_name = left_label
        else:
            left_name = "Left Layer"

        if right_label is not None:
            right_name = right_label
        else:
            right_name = "Right Layer"

        if isinstance(left_layer, str):
            if left_layer in basemaps.keys():
                left_layer = get_basemap(left_layer)
            elif left_layer.startswith("http") and left_layer.endswith(".tif"):
                url = cog_tile(left_layer, **left_args)
                bbox = cog_bounds(left_layer)
                bounds = [(bbox[1], bbox[0]), (bbox[3], bbox[2])]
                left_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=url,
                    name=left_name,
                    attribution=" ",
                    **left_args,
                )
            elif left_layer.startswith("http") and left_layer.endswith(".json"):
                left_tile_url = stac_tile(left_layer, **left_args)
                bbox = stac_bounds(left_layer)
                bounds = [(bbox[1], bbox[0]), (bbox[3], bbox[2])]
                left_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=left_tile_url,
                    name=left_name,
                    attribution=" ",
                    **left_args,
                )
            elif left_layer.startswith("http") and left_layer.endswith(".geojson"):
                if "max_zoom" in left_args:
                    del left_args["max_zoom"]
                if "max_native_zoom" in left_args:
                    del left_args["max_native_zoom"]
                left_layer = geojson_layer(left_layer, **left_args)
            elif os.path.exists(left_layer):
                if left_layer.endswith(".geojson"):
                    if "max_zoom" in left_args:
                        del left_args["max_zoom"]
                    if "max_native_zoom" in left_args:
                        del left_args["max_native_zoom"]
                    left_layer = geojson_layer(left_layer, **left_args)
                else:
                    left_layer, left_client = get_local_tile_layer(
                        left_layer,
                        tile_format="ipyleaflet",
                        return_client=True,
                        **left_args,
                    )
                    bounds = image_bounds(left_client)
            else:
                left_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=left_layer,
                    name=left_name,
                    attribution=" ",
                    **left_args,
                )
        elif isinstance(left_layer, ipyleaflet.TileLayer) or isinstance(
            left_layer, ipyleaflet.GeoJSON
        ):
            pass
        elif is_array(left_layer):
            left_layer = array_to_image(left_layer, **left_array_args)
            left_layer, _ = get_local_tile_layer(
                left_layer,
                return_client=True,
                **left_args,
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"left_layer must be one of the following: {', '.join(basemaps.keys())} or a string url to a tif file."
            )

        if isinstance(right_layer, str):
            if right_layer in basemaps.keys():
                right_layer = get_basemap(right_layer)
            elif right_layer.startswith("http") and right_layer.endswith(".tif"):
                url = cog_tile(
                    right_layer,
                    **right_args,
                )
                bbox = cog_bounds(right_layer)
                bounds = [(bbox[1], bbox[0]), (bbox[3], bbox[2])]
                right_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=url,
                    name=right_name,
                    attribution=" ",
                    **right_args,
                )

            elif right_layer.startswith("http") and right_layer.endswith(".json"):
                right_tile_url = stac_tile(right_layer, **left_args)
                bbox = stac_bounds(right_layer)
                bounds = [(bbox[1], bbox[0]), (bbox[3], bbox[2])]
                right_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=right_tile_url,
                    name=right_name,
                    attribution=" ",
                    **right_args,
                )
            elif right_layer.startswith("http") and right_layer.endswith(
                ".geojson"
            ):
                if "max_zoom" in right_args:
                    del right_args["max_zoom"]
                if "max_native_zoom" in right_args:
                    del right_args["max_native_zoom"]
                right_layer = geojson_layer(right_layer, **right_args)
            elif os.path.exists(right_layer):
                if "max_zoom" in right_args:
                    del right_args["max_zoom"]
                if "max_native_zoom" in right_args:
                    del right_args["max_native_zoom"]
                if right_layer.endswith(".geojson"):
                    right_layer = geojson_layer(right_layer, **right_args)
                else:
                    right_layer, right_client = get_local_tile_layer(
                        right_layer,
                        tile_format="ipyleaflet",
                        return_client=True,
                        **right_args,
                    )
                    bounds = image_bounds(right_client)
            else:
                right_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=right_layer,
                    name=right_name,
                    attribution=" ",
                    **right_args,
                )
        elif isinstance(right_layer, ipyleaflet.TileLayer) or isinstance(
            right_layer, ipyleaflet.GeoJSON
        ):
            pass
        elif is_array(right_layer):
            right_layer = array_to_image(right_layer, **right_array_args)
            right_layer, _ = get_local_tile_layer(
                right_layer,
                return_client=True,
                **right_args,
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"right_layer must be one of the following: {', '.join(basemaps.keys())} or a string url to a tif file."
            )
        control = ipyleaflet.SplitMapControl(
            left_layer=left_layer, right_layer=right_layer
        )
        self.add(control)

        if left_label is not None:
            if widget_layout is None:
                widget_layout = widgets.Layout(padding="0px 4px 0px 4px")
            left_widget = widgets.HTML(value=left_label, layout=widget_layout)

            left_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
                widget=left_widget, position=left_position
            )
            self.add(left_control)

        if right_label is not None:
            if widget_layout is None:
                widget_layout = widgets.Layout(padding="0px 4px 0px 4px")
            right_widget = widgets.HTML(value=right_label, layout=widget_layout)
            right_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
                widget=right_widget, position=right_position
            )
            self.add(right_control)

        if bounds is not None:
            self.fit_bounds(bounds)

        self.dragging = draggable

        close_button = widgets.ToggleButton(
            value=False,
            tooltip="Close split-panel map",
            icon="times",
            layout=widgets.Layout(
                height="28px", width="28px", padding="0px 0px 0px 4px"
            ),
        )

        def close_btn_click(change):
            if change["new"]:
                self.controls = controls
                self.layers = layers[:-1]
                self.add(layers[-1])

            if left_label in self.controls:
                self.remove_control(left_control)

            if right_label in self.controls:
                self.remove_control(right_control)

            self.dragging = True

        close_button.observe(close_btn_click, "value")
        close_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
            widget=close_button, position="topright"
        )

        if add_close_button:
            self.add(close_control)

        if layer_control:
            self.add_layer_control()

    except Exception as e:
        print("The provided layers are invalid!")
        raise ValueError(e)

static_map(self, width=950, height=600, out_file=None, **kwargs)

Display an ipyleaflet static map in a Jupyter Notebook.

Args m (ipyleaflet.Map): An ipyleaflet map. width (int, optional): Width of the map. Defaults to 950. height (int, optional): Height of the map. Defaults to 600. read_only (bool, optional): Whether to hide the side panel to disable map customization. Defaults to False. out_file (str, optional): Output html file path. Defaults to None.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def static_map(
    self,
    width: int = 950,
    height: int = 600,
    out_file: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Display an ipyleaflet static map in a Jupyter Notebook.

    Args
        m (ipyleaflet.Map): An ipyleaflet map.
        width (int, optional): Width of the map. Defaults to 950.
        height (int, optional): Height of the map. Defaults to 600.
        read_only (bool, optional): Whether to hide the side panel to disable map customization. Defaults to False.
        out_file (str, optional): Output html file path. Defaults to None.
    """
    if isinstance(self, ipyleaflet.Map):
        if out_file is None:
            out_file = "./cache/" + "leafmap_" + random_string(3) + ".html"
        out_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(out_file))
        if not os.path.exists(out_dir):
            os.makedirs(out_dir)

        self.to_html(out_file)
        display_html(out_file, width=width, height=height)
    else:
        raise TypeError("The provided map is not an ipyleaflet map.")

to_html(self, outfile=None, title='My Map', width='100%', height='880px', add_layer_control=True, **kwargs)

Saves the map as an HTML file.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
outfile str

The output file path to the HTML file.

None
title str

The title of the HTML file. Defaults to 'My Map'.

'My Map'
width str

The width of the map in pixels or percentage. Defaults to '100%'.

'100%'
height str

The height of the map in pixels. Defaults to '880px'.

'880px'
add_layer_control bool

Whether to add the LayersControl. Defaults to True.

True
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def to_html(
    self,
    outfile: Optional[str] = None,
    title: Optional[str] = "My Map",
    width: Optional[str] = "100%",
    height: Optional[str] = "880px",
    add_layer_control: Optional[bool] = True,
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Saves the map as an HTML file.

    Args:
        outfile (str, optional): The output file path to the HTML file.
        title (str, optional): The title of the HTML file. Defaults to 'My Map'.
        width (str, optional): The width of the map in pixels or percentage. Defaults to '100%'.
        height (str, optional): The height of the map in pixels. Defaults to '880px'.
        add_layer_control (bool, optional): Whether to add the LayersControl. Defaults to True.

    """
    try:
        save = True
        if outfile is not None:
            if not outfile.endswith(".html"):
                raise ValueError("The output file extension must be html.")
            outfile = os.path.abspath(outfile)
            out_dir = os.path.dirname(outfile)
            if not os.path.exists(out_dir):
                os.makedirs(out_dir)
        else:
            outfile = os.path.abspath(random_string() + ".html")
            save = False

        if add_layer_control and self.layer_control is None:
            layer_control = ipyleaflet.LayersControl(position="topright")
            self.layer_control = layer_control
            self.add(layer_control)

        before_width = self.layout.width
        before_height = self.layout.height

        if not isinstance(width, str):
            print("width must be a string.")
            return
        elif width.endswith("px") or width.endswith("%"):
            pass
        else:
            print("width must end with px or %")
            return

        if not isinstance(height, str):
            print("height must be a string.")
            return
        elif not height.endswith("px"):
            print("height must end with px")
            return

        self.layout.width = width
        self.layout.height = height

        self.save(outfile, title=title, **kwargs)

        self.layout.width = before_width
        self.layout.height = before_height

        if not save:
            out_html = ""
            with open(outfile) as f:
                lines = f.readlines()
                out_html = "".join(lines)
            os.remove(outfile)
            return out_html

    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(e)

to_image(self, outfile=None, monitor=1)

Saves the map as a PNG or JPG image.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
outfile str

The output file path to the image. Defaults to None.

None
monitor int

The monitor to take the screenshot. Defaults to 1.

1
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def to_image(
    self, outfile: Optional[str] = None, monitor: Optional[int] = 1
) -> None:
    """Saves the map as a PNG or JPG image.

    Args:
        outfile (str, optional): The output file path to the image. Defaults to None.
        monitor (int, optional): The monitor to take the screenshot. Defaults to 1.
    """
    if outfile is None:
        outfile = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "my_map.png")

    if outfile.endswith(".png") or outfile.endswith(".jpg"):
        pass
    else:
        print("The output file must be a PNG or JPG image.")
        return

    work_dir = os.path.dirname(outfile)
    if not os.path.exists(work_dir):
        os.makedirs(work_dir)

    screenshot = screen_capture(outfile, monitor)
    self.screenshot = screenshot

to_streamlit(self, width=None, height=600, scrolling=False, **kwargs)

Renders map figure in a Streamlit app.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
width int

Width of the map. Defaults to None.

None
height int

Height of the map. Defaults to 600.

600
responsive bool

Whether to make the map responsive. Defaults to True.

required
scrolling bool

If True, show a scrollbar when the content is larger than the iframe. Otherwise, do not show a scrollbar. Defaults to False.

False

Returns:

Type Description
streamlit.components

components.html object.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def to_streamlit(
    self,
    width: Optional[int] = None,
    height: Optional[int] = 600,
    scrolling: Optional[bool] = False,
    **kwargs,
):
    """Renders map figure in a Streamlit app.

    Args:
        width (int, optional): Width of the map. Defaults to None.
        height (int, optional): Height of the map. Defaults to 600.
        responsive (bool, optional): Whether to make the map responsive. Defaults to True.
        scrolling (bool, optional): If True, show a scrollbar when the content is larger than the iframe. Otherwise, do not show a scrollbar. Defaults to False.

    Returns:
        streamlit.components: components.html object.
    """

    try:
        import streamlit.components.v1 as components  # pylint: disable=E0401

        # if responsive:
        #     make_map_responsive = """
        #     <style>
        #     [title~="st.iframe"] { width: 100%}
        #     </style>
        #     """
        #     st.markdown(make_map_responsive, unsafe_allow_html=True)
        return components.html(
            self.to_html(), width=width, height=height, scrolling=scrolling
        )

    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(e)

toolbar_reset(self)

Reset the toolbar so that no tool is selected.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def toolbar_reset(self) -> None:
    """Reset the toolbar so that no tool is selected."""
    toolbar_grid = self.toolbar
    for tool in toolbar_grid.children:
        tool.value = False

update_draw_features(self)

Update the draw features by removing features that have been edited and no longer exist.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def update_draw_features(self) -> None:
    """Update the draw features by removing features that have been edited and no longer exist."""

    geometries = [feature["geometry"] for feature in self.draw_control.data]

    for feature in self.draw_features:
        if feature["geometry"] not in geometries:
            self.draw_features.remove(feature)

update_draw_props(self, df)

Update the draw features properties.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
df pd.DataFrame

A pandas dataframe containing the properties of the draw features.

required
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def update_draw_props(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> None:
    """Update the draw features properties.

    Args:
        df (pd.DataFrame): A pandas dataframe containing the properties of the draw features.
    """

    df.dropna(inplace=True)
    df = df[df["Key"].astype(bool)]
    if len(df) > 0:
        props = df.set_index("Key").to_dict()["Value"]
        if self.draw_control.last_action == "edited":
            self.update_draw_features()
        if len(self.draw_features) > 0:
            if self.draw_control.last_action == "created":
                self.draw_features[-1]["properties"] = props
            elif self.draw_control.last_action == "edited":
                for feature in self.draw_features:
                    if (
                        self.draw_control.last_draw["geometry"]
                        == feature["geometry"]
                    ):
                        feature["properties"] = props
        for prop in list(props.keys()):
            if prop not in self.edit_props:
                self.edit_props.append(prop)

update_layer_manager(self)

Update the Layer Manager.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def update_layer_manager(self) -> None:
    """Update the Layer Manager."""
    from .toolbar import layer_manager_gui

    self._layer_manager_widget.children = layer_manager_gui(
        self, return_widget=True
    )

user_roi_bounds(self, decimals=4)

Get the bounds of the user drawn ROI as a tuple of (minx, miny, maxx, maxy).

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
decimals int

The number of decimals to round the coordinates to. Defaults to 4.

4

Returns:

Type Description
list

The bounds of the user drawn ROI as a tuple of (minx, miny, maxx, maxy).

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def user_roi_bounds(self, decimals: int = 4) -> list:
    """Get the bounds of the user drawn ROI as a tuple of (minx, miny, maxx, maxy).

    Args:
        decimals (int, optional): The number of decimals to round the coordinates to. Defaults to 4.

    Returns:
        list: The bounds of the user drawn ROI as a tuple of (minx, miny, maxx, maxy).
    """
    if self.user_roi is not None:
        return geometry_bounds(self.user_roi, decimals=decimals)
    else:
        return None

video_overlay(self, url, bounds, layer_name=None, **kwargs)

Overlays a video from the Internet on the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
url str

http URL of the video, such as "https://www.mapbox.com/bites/00188/patricia_nasa.webm"

required
bounds tuple

bounding box of the video in the format of (lower_left(lat, lon), upper_right(lat, lon)), such as ((13, -130), (32, -100)).

required
layer_name str

name of the layer to show on the layer control.

None
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def video_overlay(
    self, url: str, bounds: Tuple, layer_name: str = None, **kwargs
) -> None:
    """Overlays a video from the Internet on the map.

    Args:
        url (str): http URL of the video, such as "https://www.mapbox.com/bites/00188/patricia_nasa.webm"
        bounds (tuple): bounding box of the video in the format of (lower_left(lat, lon), upper_right(lat, lon)), such as ((13, -130), (32, -100)).
        layer_name (str): name of the layer to show on the layer control.
    """
    if layer_name is None and "name" in kwargs:
        layer_name = kwargs.pop("name")
    try:
        video = ipyleaflet.VideoOverlay(url=url, bounds=bounds, name=layer_name)
        self.add(video)
    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(e)

zoom_to_bounds(self, bounds)

Zooms to a bounding box in the form of [minx, miny, maxx, maxy].

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
bounds list | tuple

A list/tuple containing minx, miny, maxx, maxy values for the bounds.

required
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def zoom_to_bounds(self, bounds) -> None:
    """Zooms to a bounding box in the form of [minx, miny, maxx, maxy].

    Args:
        bounds (list | tuple): A list/tuple containing minx, miny, maxx, maxy values for the bounds.
    """
    #  The ipyleaflet fit_bounds method takes lat/lon bounds in the form [[south, west], [north, east]].
    self.fit_bounds([[bounds[1], bounds[0]], [bounds[3], bounds[2]]])

zoom_to_gdf(self, gdf)

Zooms to the bounding box of a GeoPandas GeoDataFrame.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
gdf GeoDataFrame

A GeoPandas GeoDataFrame.

required
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def zoom_to_gdf(self, gdf):
    """Zooms to the bounding box of a GeoPandas GeoDataFrame.

    Args:
        gdf (GeoDataFrame): A GeoPandas GeoDataFrame.
    """
    bounds = gdf.total_bounds
    self.zoom_to_bounds(bounds)

geojson_layer(in_geojson, layer_name='Untitled', style={}, hover_style={}, style_callback=None, fill_colors=None, encoding='utf-8')

Adds a GeoJSON file to the map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
in_geojson str | dict

The file path or http URL to the input GeoJSON or a dictionary containing the geojson.

required
layer_name str

The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".

'Untitled'
style dict

A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.

{}
hover_style dict

Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.

{}
style_callback function

Styling function that is called for each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.

None
fill_colors list

The random colors to use for filling polygons. Defaults to ["black"].

None
info_mode str

Displays the attributes by either on_hover or on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".

required
encoding str

The encoding of the GeoJSON file. Defaults to "utf-8".

'utf-8'

Exceptions:

Type Description
FileNotFoundError

The provided GeoJSON file could not be found.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def geojson_layer(
    in_geojson: Union[str, dict],
    layer_name: str = "Untitled",
    style: Optional[dict] = {},
    hover_style: Optional[dict] = {},
    style_callback: Optional[Callable] = None,
    fill_colors: Optional[list[str]] = None,
    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
) -> None:
    """Adds a GeoJSON file to the map.

    Args:
        in_geojson (str | dict): The file path or http URL to the input GeoJSON
            or a dictionary containing the geojson.
        layer_name (str, optional): The layer name to be used.. Defaults to "Untitled".
        style (dict, optional): A dictionary specifying the style to be used. Defaults to {}.
        hover_style (dict, optional): Hover style dictionary. Defaults to {}.
        style_callback (function, optional): Styling function that is called for
            each feature, and should return the feature style. This styling
            function takes the feature as argument. Defaults to None.
        fill_colors (list, optional): The random colors to use for filling polygons.
            Defaults to ["black"].
        info_mode (str, optional): Displays the attributes by either on_hover or
            on_click. Any value other than "on_hover" or "on_click" will be
            treated as None. Defaults to "on_hover".
        encoding (str, optional): The encoding of the GeoJSON file. Defaults to "utf-8".

    Raises:
        FileNotFoundError: The provided GeoJSON file could not be found.
    """
    import json
    import random
    import requests

    style_callback_only = False

    if len(style) == 0 and style_callback is not None:
        style_callback_only = True

    try:
        if isinstance(in_geojson, str):
            if in_geojson.startswith("http"):
                in_geojson = github_raw_url(in_geojson)
                data = requests.get(in_geojson).json()
            else:
                in_geojson = os.path.abspath(in_geojson)
                if not os.path.exists(in_geojson):
                    raise FileNotFoundError(
                        "The provided GeoJSON file could not be found."
                    )

                with open(in_geojson, encoding=encoding) as f:
                    data = json.load(f)
        elif isinstance(in_geojson, dict):
            data = in_geojson
        else:
            raise TypeError("The input geojson must be a type of str or dict.")
    except Exception as e:
        raise Exception(e)

    if not style:
        style = {
            # "stroke": True,
            "color": "#000000",
            "weight": 1,
            "opacity": 1,
            # "fill": True,
            # "fillColor": "#ffffff",
            "fillOpacity": 0.1,
            # "dashArray": "9"
            # "clickable": True,
        }
    elif "weight" not in style:
        style["weight"] = 1

    if not hover_style:
        hover_style = {"weight": style["weight"] + 1, "fillOpacity": 0.5}

    def random_color(feature):
        return {
            "color": "black",
            "fillColor": random.choice(fill_colors),
        }

    if style_callback is None:
        style_callback = random_color

    if style_callback_only:
        geojson = ipyleaflet.GeoJSON(
            data=data,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            style_callback=style_callback,
            name=layer_name,
        )
    else:
        geojson = ipyleaflet.GeoJSON(
            data=data,
            style=style,
            hover_style=hover_style,
            style_callback=style_callback,
            name=layer_name,
        )

    return geojson

get_basemap(name)

Gets a basemap tile layer by name.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
name str

The name of the basemap.

required

Returns:

Type Description
ipylealfet.TileLayer | ipyleaflet.WMSLayer

The basemap layer.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def get_basemap(name: str):
    """Gets a basemap tile layer by name.

    Args:
        name (str): The name of the basemap.

    Returns:
        ipylealfet.TileLayer | ipyleaflet.WMSLayer: The basemap layer.
    """

    if isinstance(name, str):
        if name in basemaps.keys():
            basemap = basemaps[name]
            if basemap["type"] == "xyz":
                layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=basemap["url"],
                    name=basemap["name"],
                    max_zoom=24,
                    attribution=basemap["attribution"],
                )
            elif basemap["type"] == "wms":
                layer = ipyleaflet.WMSLayer(
                    url=basemap["url"],
                    layers=basemap["layers"],
                    name=basemap["name"],
                    attribution=basemap["attribution"],
                    format=basemap["format"],
                    transparent=basemap["transparent"],
                )
            return layer
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                "Basemap must be a string. Please choose from: "
                + str(list(basemaps.keys()))
            )
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            "Basemap must be a string. Please choose from: "
            + str(list(basemaps.keys()))
        )

linked_maps(rows=2, cols=2, height='400px', layers=[], labels=[], label_position='topright', layer_args=[], **kwargs)

Create linked maps of XYZ tile layers.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
rows int

The number of rows of maps to create. Defaults to 2.

2
cols int

The number of columns of maps to create. Defaults to 2.

2
height str

The height of each map in pixels. Defaults to "400px".

'400px'
layers list

The list of layers to use for each map. Defaults to [].

[]
labels list

The list of labels to show on the map. Defaults to [].

[]
label_position str

The position of the label, can be [topleft, topright, bottomleft, bottomright]. Defaults to "topright".

'topright'

Exceptions:

Type Description
ValueError

If the length of ee_objects is not equal to rows*cols.

ValueError

If the length of labels is not equal to rows*cols.

Returns:

Type Description
ipywidget

A GridspecLayout widget.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def linked_maps(
    rows: int = 2,
    cols: int = 2,
    height: Optional[str] = "400px",
    layers: list = [],
    labels: list = [],
    label_position: Optional[str] = "topright",
    layer_args: list = [],
    **kwargs,
):
    """Create linked maps of XYZ tile layers.

    Args:
        rows (int, optional): The number of rows of maps to create. Defaults to 2.
        cols (int, optional): The number of columns of maps to create. Defaults to 2.
        height (str, optional): The height of each map in pixels. Defaults to "400px".
        layers (list, optional): The list of layers to use for each map. Defaults to [].
        labels (list, optional): The list of labels to show on the map. Defaults to [].
        label_position (str, optional): The position of the label, can be [topleft, topright, bottomleft, bottomright]. Defaults to "topright".

    Raises:
        ValueError: If the length of ee_objects is not equal to rows*cols.
        ValueError: If the length of labels is not equal to rows*cols.

    Returns:
        ipywidget: A GridspecLayout widget.
    """

    if skip_mkdocs_build():
        return

    grid = widgets.GridspecLayout(rows, cols, grid_gap="0px")
    count = rows * cols

    maps = []

    if len(layers) > 0:
        if len(layers) == 1:
            layers = layers * count
        elif len(layers) < count:
            raise ValueError(f"The length of layers must be equal to {count}.")

    if len(labels) > 0:
        labels = labels.copy()
        if len(labels) == 1:
            labels = labels * count
        elif len(labels) < count:
            raise ValueError(f"The length of labels must be equal to {count}.")

    if len(layer_args) > 0:
        if len(layer_args) == 1:
            layer_args = layer_args * count
        elif len(layer_args) < count:
            raise ValueError(f"The length of layer_args must be equal to {count}.")
    else:
        layer_args = [{}] * count

    for i in range(rows):
        for j in range(cols):
            index = i * cols + j

            if "draw_control" not in kwargs:
                kwargs["draw_control"] = False
            if "toolbar_control" not in kwargs:
                kwargs["toolbar_control"] = False
            if "measure_control" not in kwargs:
                kwargs["measure_control"] = False
            if "fullscreen_control" not in kwargs:
                kwargs["fullscreen_control"] = False

            m = Map(
                height=height,
                layout=widgets.Layout(margin="0px", padding="0px"),
                **kwargs,
            )

            if layers[index] in basemaps.keys():
                layers[index] = get_basemap(layers[index])
            elif isinstance(layers[index], str):
                if layers[index].startswith("http") and layers[index].endswith(".tif"):
                    url = cog_tile(layers[index], **layer_args[index])
                    layers[index] = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                        url=url,
                        name="Left Layer",
                        attribution=" ",
                    )
                elif os.path.exists(layers[index]):
                    layers[index], left_client = get_local_tile_layer(
                        layers[index],
                        tile_format="ipyleaflet",
                        return_client=True,
                        **layer_args[index],
                    )
                else:
                    layers[index] = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                        url=layers[index],
                        name="Left Layer",
                        attribution=" ",
                        **layer_args[index],
                    )
            elif isinstance(layers[index], ipyleaflet.TileLayer):
                pass
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"layers[index] must be one of the following: {', '.join(basemaps.keys())} or a string url to a tif file."
                )

            m.add(layers[index])

            if len(labels) > 0:
                label = widgets.Label(
                    labels[index], layout=widgets.Layout(padding="0px 5px 0px 5px")
                )
                control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(
                    widget=label, position=label_position
                )
                m.add(control)

            maps.append(m)
            widgets.jslink((maps[0], "center"), (m, "center"))
            widgets.jslink((maps[0], "zoom"), (m, "zoom"))

            output = widgets.Output()
            with output:
                display(m)
            grid[i, j] = output

    return grid

split_map(left_layer='TERRAIN', right_layer='OpenTopoMap', left_args={}, right_args={}, **kwargs)

Adds split map.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
left_layer str

The left tile layer. Can be a local file path, HTTP URL, or a basemap name. Defaults to 'TERRAIN'.

'TERRAIN'
right_layer str

The right tile layer. Can be a local file path, HTTP URL, or a basemap name. Defaults to 'OpenTopoMap'.

'OpenTopoMap'
left_args dict

The arguments for the left tile layer. Defaults to {}.

{}
right_args dict

The arguments for the right tile layer. Defaults to {}.

{}
kwargs dict

The arguments for the Map widget. Defaults to {}.

{}
Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def split_map(
    left_layer: Optional[str] = "TERRAIN",
    right_layer: Optional[str] = "OpenTopoMap",
    left_args: Optional[dict] = {},
    right_args: Optional[dict] = {},
    **kwargs,
) -> None:
    """Adds split map.

    Args:
        left_layer (str, optional): The left tile layer. Can be a local file path, HTTP URL, or a basemap name. Defaults to 'TERRAIN'.
        right_layer (str, optional): The right tile layer. Can be a local file path, HTTP URL, or a basemap name. Defaults to 'OpenTopoMap'.
        left_args (dict, optional): The arguments for the left tile layer. Defaults to {}.
        right_args (dict, optional): The arguments for the right tile layer. Defaults to {}.
        kwargs (dict, optional): The arguments for the Map widget. Defaults to {}.
    """

    if "draw_control" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["draw_control"] = False
    if "toolbar_control" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["toolbar_control"] = False
    if "measure_control" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["measure_control"] = False
    if "fullscreen_control" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["fullscreen_control"] = False
    if "scale_control" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["scale_control"] = False
    if "search_control" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["search_control"] = False

    m = Map(**kwargs)

    if "max_zoom" not in left_args:
        left_args["max_zoom"] = 30
    if "max_native_zoom" not in left_args:
        left_args["max_native_zoom"] = 30

    if "max_zoom" not in right_args:
        right_args["max_zoom"] = 30
    if "max_native_zoom" not in right_args:
        right_args["max_native_zoom"] = 30

    if "layer_name" not in left_args:
        left_args["layer_name"] = "Left Layer"

    if "layer_name" not in right_args:
        right_args["layer_name"] = "Right Layer"

    bounds = None

    try:
        if left_layer in basemaps.keys():
            left_layer = get_basemap(left_layer)
        elif isinstance(left_layer, str):
            if left_layer.startswith("http") and left_layer.endswith(".tif"):
                url = cog_tile(left_layer, **left_args)
                bbox = cog_bounds(left_layer)
                bounds = [(bbox[1], bbox[0]), (bbox[3], bbox[2])]
                left_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=url,
                    name="Left Layer",
                    attribution=" ",
                )
            elif left_layer.startswith("http") and left_layer.endswith(".geojson"):
                if "max_zoom" in left_args:
                    del left_args["max_zoom"]
                if "max_native_zoom" in left_args:
                    del left_args["max_native_zoom"]
                left_layer = geojson_layer(left_layer, **left_args)
            elif os.path.exists(left_layer):
                if left_layer.endswith(".geojson"):
                    if "max_zoom" in left_args:
                        del left_args["max_zoom"]
                    if "max_native_zoom" in left_args:
                        del left_args["max_native_zoom"]
                    left_layer = geojson_layer(left_layer, **left_args)
                else:
                    left_layer, left_client = get_local_tile_layer(
                        left_layer,
                        tile_format="ipyleaflet",
                        return_client=True,
                        **left_args,
                    )
                    bounds = image_bounds(left_client)
            else:
                left_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=left_layer,
                    name="Left Layer",
                    attribution=" ",
                    **left_args,
                )
        elif isinstance(left_layer, ipyleaflet.TileLayer) or isinstance(
            left_layer, ipyleaflet.GeoJSON
        ):
            pass
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"left_layer must be one of the following: {', '.join(basemaps.keys())} or a string url to a tif file."
            )

        if right_layer in basemaps.keys():
            right_layer = get_basemap(right_layer)
        elif isinstance(right_layer, str):
            if right_layer.startswith("http") and right_layer.endswith(".tif"):
                url = cog_tile(
                    right_layer,
                    **right_args,
                )
                bbox = cog_bounds(right_layer)
                bounds = [(bbox[1], bbox[0]), (bbox[3], bbox[2])]
                right_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=url,
                    name="Right Layer",
                    attribution=" ",
                )
            elif right_layer.startswith("http") and right_layer.endswith(".geojson"):
                if "max_zoom" in right_args:
                    del right_args["max_zoom"]
                if "max_native_zoom" in right_args:
                    del right_args["max_native_zoom"]
                right_layer = geojson_layer(right_layer, **right_args)
            elif os.path.exists(right_layer):
                if "max_zoom" in right_args:
                    del right_args["max_zoom"]
                if "max_native_zoom" in right_args:
                    del right_args["max_native_zoom"]
                if right_layer.endswith(".geojson"):
                    right_layer = geojson_layer(right_layer, **right_args)
                else:
                    right_layer, right_client = get_local_tile_layer(
                        right_layer,
                        tile_format="ipyleaflet",
                        return_client=True,
                        **right_args,
                    )
                    bounds = image_bounds(right_client)
            else:
                right_layer = ipyleaflet.TileLayer(
                    url=right_layer,
                    name="Right Layer",
                    attribution=" ",
                    **right_args,
                )
        elif isinstance(right_layer, ipyleaflet.TileLayer) or isinstance(
            right_layer, ipyleaflet.GeoJSON
        ):
            pass
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"right_layer must be one of the following: {', '.join(basemaps.keys())} or a string url to a tif file."
            )
        control = ipyleaflet.SplitMapControl(
            left_layer=left_layer, right_layer=right_layer
        )
        m.add(control)
        if bounds is not None:
            m.fit_bounds(bounds)
        m.dragging = False
        return m

    except Exception as e:
        print("The provided layers are invalid!")
        raise ValueError(e)

ts_inspector(layers_dict=None, left_name=None, right_name=None, width='120px', center=[40, -100], zoom=4, **kwargs)

Creates a time series inspector.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
layers_dict dict

A dictionary of layers to be shown on the map. Defaults to None.

None
left_name str

A name for the left layer. Defaults to None.

None
right_name str

A name for the right layer. Defaults to None.

None
width str

Width of the dropdown list. Defaults to "120px".

'120px'
center list

Center of the map. Defaults to [40, -100].

[40, -100]
zoom int

Zoom level of the map. Defaults to 4.

4

Returns:

Type Description
leafmap.Map

The Map instance.

Source code in leafmap/leafmap.py
def ts_inspector(
    layers_dict: Optional[dict] = None,
    left_name: Optional[str] = None,
    right_name: Optional[str] = None,
    width: Optional[str] = "120px",
    center: list[int] = [40, -100],
    zoom: int = 4,
    **kwargs,
):
    """Creates a time series inspector.

    Args:
        layers_dict (dict, optional): A dictionary of layers to be shown on the map. Defaults to None.
        left_name (str, optional): A name for the left layer. Defaults to None.
        right_name (str, optional): A name for the right layer. Defaults to None.
        width (str, optional): Width of the dropdown list. Defaults to "120px".
        center (list, optional): Center of the map. Defaults to [40, -100].
        zoom (int, optional): Zoom level of the map. Defaults to 4.

    Returns:
        leafmap.Map: The Map instance.
    """
    import ipywidgets as widgets

    add_zoom = True
    add_fullscreen = True

    if "toolbar_control" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["toolbar_control"] = False
    if "draw_control" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["draw_control"] = False
    if "measure_control" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["measure_control"] = False
    if "zoom_control" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["zoom_control"] = False
    else:
        add_zoom = kwargs["zoom_control"]
    if "fullscreen_control" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["fullscreen_control"] = False
    else:
        add_fullscreen = kwargs["fullscreen_control"]

    if layers_dict is None:
        layers_dict = {}
        keys = dict(basemaps).keys()
        for key in keys:
            if basemaps[key]["type"] == "wms":
                pass
            else:
                layers_dict[key] = get_basemap(key)

    keys = list(layers_dict.keys())
    if left_name is None:
        left_name = keys[0]
    if right_name is None:
        right_name = keys[-1]

    left_layer = layers_dict[left_name]
    right_layer = layers_dict[right_name]

    m = Map(center=center, zoom=zoom, **kwargs)
    control = ipyleaflet.SplitMapControl(left_layer=left_layer, right_layer=right_layer)
    m.add(control)

    left_dropdown = widgets.Dropdown(
        options=keys, value=left_name, layout=widgets.Layout(width=width)
    )

    left_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(widget=left_dropdown, position="topleft")
    m.add(left_control)

    right_dropdown = widgets.Dropdown(
        options=keys, value=right_name, layout=widgets.Layout(width=width)
    )

    right_control = ipyleaflet.WidgetControl(widget=right_dropdown, position="topright")
    m.add(right_control)

    if add_zoom:
        m.add(ipyleaflet.ZoomControl())
    if add_fullscreen:
        m.add(ipyleaflet.FullScreenControl())

    split_control = None
    for ctrl in m.controls:
        if isinstance(ctrl, ipyleaflet.SplitMapControl):
            split_control = ctrl
            break

    def left_change(change):
        split_control.left_layer.url = layers_dict[left_dropdown.value].url

    left_dropdown.observe(left_change, "value")

    def right_change(change):
        split_control.right_layer.url = layers_dict[right_dropdown.value].url

    right_dropdown.observe(right_change, "value")

    m.dragging = False

    return m